独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案.docx

语法重点：独立主格结构。1. 原文再现。This silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.2. 独立主格结构定义。独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词) 或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。3. 独立主格结构用法。A用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。B. 用作条件状语Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。C. 用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。D. 用作伴随状语 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。E. 表示补充说明.We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. .我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。4. 独立主格结构形式。A. 一般独立主格形式，与主句逻辑关系松散 形式为: n. + -ed/-ing形式; n. + 不定式 ; n. + 介词短语; n. + 形容词; n. + 副词B. 名词/主格代词+现在分词，名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主动关系。 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 C. 名词/主格代词+过去分词，名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是被动关系。 The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 D. 名词/主格代词+不定式，名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。 He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。E. 名词/主格代词+形容词An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 F. 名词/主格代词+副词He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 G. 名词/主格代词+介词短语The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 H. .with 引导的独立主格:与主句逻辑关系紧密 形式为: with + n. + -ed/-ing形式; with + n. +adj.; with +n. + 介词短语 I. each引导的强调型独立主格:强调句尾的复数名词 形式为:句子 + 复数名词结尾 , each + 介词短语/形容词短语/名词短语/-ing形式/-ed形式 Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the companys basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each with its own executive. JThere being +名词（代词）There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。 K. It being +名词（代词）.It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。 5. 注意事项。A. 独立主格转换成状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。 B. 不能省略being (having been) 的情形：在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。 (1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。 (2)在There being+名词的结构中。There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。 C. .在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand. D. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。( C ) 1. -You shouldnt have helped _ to Maggies new electronic dictionary and broke it. -What shall I do now? A. herself B. myself C. yourself D. ourselves( B ) 2. There are many people who _ the summer _ the winter.A. like; better B. prefer; to C. prefer; than D. like; than( A ) 3. His grandfather died _the wound that the enemy soldier had given him and then his grandmother died _hungry and cold.A. from, of B. of, from C. from, from D. of, of( A ) 4. We are going to have rain during the next month.A. a good deal of B. a good many C. a great number of D. numbers of( A ) 5. I have known your situation, I will send the money to you immediately.A. Now that B. As far as C. On condition that D. So long as( A ) 6. Not far from the school there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. that( B ) 7. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that( C ) 8. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that( B ) 9. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that( B ) 10. There I met several people, two of _ being foreigners. A. which B. them C. whom D. that ( B ) 11. There I met several people, two of _ were foreigners. A. which B. whom C. who D. that ( B ) 12. There I met several people, and two of _ were foreigners. A. which B. them C. whom D. that ( B ) 13. There _ nothing more to do, Mr. Goodman left for home.A. was B. being C. to be D. had being( B ) 14. It Christmas, the government offices were closed.A. was B. being C. to be D. had being( C ) 15. _, the old man had no money to buy even a bus ticket.A. His wallet being stolen B. His wallet stealingC. With his wallet stolen D. As his wallet stolen( C ) 16. Though ( ) money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in( A ) 17. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 2000000 silver pennies, _ over 600 years old.A all of them B. all of which C all of it D none of which( B ) 18. , we had to put the meeting off.A. Because the manager ill B The manager being illC. The manager was ill D .Being ill( A ) 19. _ _, the English speech contest had be