学术论文英语常用经典句型.pdf

学术论文英语常用经典句型学术论文英语常用经典句型 BeginningBeginningBeginningBeginning 1 1 1 1 InIn InIn thisthisthisthis paper paper paper paper wewewewe focusfocusfocusfocus onononon thethethethe needneedneedneed forforforfor 2 2 2 2 ThisThisThisThis paperpaperpaperpaper proceedsproceedsproceedsproceeds asasasas follow follow follow follow IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction 1 1 1 1 ThisThisThisThis willwillwillwill bebebebe followedfollowedfollowedfollowed bybybyby a a a a descriptiondescriptiondescriptiondescription ofofofof thethethethe fuzzyfuzzyfuzzyfuzzy naturenaturenaturenature ofofofof thethethethe problemproblemproblemproblem andandandand a a a a detaileddetaileddetaileddetailed presentationpresentationpresentationpresentation ofofofof howhowhowhow thethethethe requiredrequiredrequiredrequired membershipmembershipmembershipmembership functionsfunctionsfunctionsfunctions areareareare defined defined defined defined 2 2 2 2 DetailsDetailsDetailsDetails onononon xxxxxxxx andandandand xxxxxxxx areareareare discusseddiscusseddiscusseddiscussed in in in in laterlaterlaterlater sections sections sections sections ReviewReviewReviewReview 1 1 1 1 ThisThisThisThis reviewreviewreviewreview is is is is followedfollowedfollowedfollowed bybybyby anananan introduction introduction introduction introduction 2 2 2 2 A A A A briefbriefbriefbrief summarysummarysummarysummary ofofofof somesomesomesome ofofofof thethethethe relevantrelevantrelevantrelevant conceptsconceptsconceptsconcepts in in in in xxxxxxxxxxxx andandandand xxxxxxxxxxxx is is is is presentedpresentedpresentedpresented in in in in SectionSectionSectionSection 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 InIn InIn thethethethe nextnextnextnext section section section section a a a a briefbriefbriefbrief reviewreviewreviewreview ofofofof thethethethe is is is is given given given given 4 4 4 4 InIn InIn thethethethe nextnextnextnext section section section section a a a a shortshortshortshort reviewreviewreviewreview ofofofof is is is is givengivengivengiven withwithwithwith specialspecialspecialspecial regardregardregardregard totototo BodyBodyBodyBody 1 1 1 1 SectionSectionSectionSection 1 1 1 1 definesdefinesdefinesdefines thethethethe notionnotionnotionnotion ofofofof robustness robustness robustness robustness andandandand arguesarguesarguesargues forforforfor itsitsitsits importance importance importance importance 2 2 2 2 SectionSectionSectionSection 1 1 1 1 devoteddevoteddevoteddevoted totototo thethethethe basicbasicbasicbasic aspectsaspectsaspectsaspects ofofofof thethethethe FLCFLCFLCFLC decisiondecisiondecisiondecision makingmakingmakingmaking logic logic logic logic 3 3 3 3 SectionSectionSectionSection 2 2 2 2 givesgivesgivesgives thethethethe backgroundbackgroundbackgroundbackground ofofofof thethethethe problemproblemproblemproblem whichwhichwhichwhich includesincludesincludesincludes xxxxxxxxxxxx 4 4 4 4 SectionSectionSectionSection 2 2 2 2 discussesdiscussesdiscussesdiscusses somesomesomesome problemsproblemsproblemsproblems withwithwithwith andandandand approachesapproachesapproachesapproaches to to to to naturalnaturalnaturalnatural languagelanguagelanguagelanguage understanding understanding understanding understanding 5 5 5 5 SectionSectionSectionSection 2 2 2 2 explainsexplainsexplainsexplains howhowhowhow flexibilityflexibilityflexibilityflexibility whichwhichwhichwhich oftenoftenoftenoften cancancancan bebebebe expressedexpressedexpressedexpressed in in in in termstermstermsterms ofofofof fuzzyfuzzyfuzzyfuzzy timetimetimetime windowwindowwindowwindow 6 6 6 6 SectionSectionSectionSection 3 3 3 3 discussesdiscussesdiscussesdiscusses thethethethe aspectsaspectsaspectsaspects ofofofof fuzzyfuzzyfuzzyfuzzy setsetsetset theorytheorytheorytheory thatthatthatthat areareareare usedusedusedused in in in in thethethethe 7 7 7 7 SectionSectionSectionSection 3 3 3 3 describesdescribesdescribesdescribes thethethethe systemsystemsystemsystem itselfitselfitselfitself in in in in a a a a generalgeneralgeneralgeneral way way way way includingincludingincludingincluding thethethethe andandandand alsoalsoalsoalso discussesdiscussesdiscussesdiscusses howhowhowhow totototo evaluateevaluateevaluateevaluate systemsystemsystemsystem performance performance performance performance 8 8 8 8 SectionSectionSectionSection 3 3 3 3 describesdescribesdescribesdescribes a a a a newnewnewnew measuremeasuremeasuremeasure ofofofof xx xx xx xx 9 9 9 9 SectionSectionSectionSection 3 3 3 3 demonstratesdemonstratesdemonstratesdemonstrates thethethethe useuseuseuse ofofofof fuzzyfuzzyfuzzyfuzzy possibilitypossibilitypossibilitypossibility theorytheorytheorytheory in in in in thethethethe analysisanalysisanalysisanalysis ofofofof xx xx xx xx 10 10 10 10 SectionSectionSectionSection 3 3 3 3 is is is is a a a a finefinefinefine descriptiondescriptiondescriptiondescription ofofofof fuzzyfuzzyfuzzyfuzzy formulationformulationformulationformulation ofofofof humanhumanhumanhuman decision decision decision decision 11 11 11 11 SectionSectionSectionSection 3 3 3 3 is is is is developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped totototo thethethethe modelingmodelingmodelingmodeling andandandand processingprocessingprocessingprocessing ofofofof fuzzyfuzzyfuzzyfuzzy decisiondecisiondecisiondecision rulesrulesrulesrules 12 12 12 12 TheTheTheThe mainmainmainmain ideaideaideaidea ofofofof thethethethe FLCFLCFLCFLC is is is is describeddescribeddescribeddescribed in in in in SectionSectionSectionSection 3 3 3 3 whilewhilewhilewhile SectionSectionSectionSection 4 4 4 4 describesdescribesdescribesdescribes thethethethe xxxxxxxx strategies strategies strategies strategies 1 1 1 1 InIn InIn thisthisthisthis section section section section thethethethe characteristicscharacteristicscharacteristicscharacteristics andandandand environmentenvironmentenvironmentenvironment underunderunderunder whichwhichwhichwhich MRPMRPMRPMRP is is is is designeddesigneddesigneddesigned areareareare described described described described 2 2 2 2 WeWeWeWe willwillwillwill provideprovideprovideprovide in in in in thisthisthisthis sectionsectionsectionsection basicbasicbasicbasic terminologiesterminologiesterminologiesterminologies andandandand notationsnotationsnotationsnotations whichwhichwhichwhich areareareare necessarynecessarynecessarynecessary forforforfor thethethethe understandingunderstandingunderstandingunderstanding ofofofof subsequentsubsequentsubsequentsubsequent results Nextresults Nextresults Nextresults Next SectionSectionSectionSection 2 2 2 2 TheTheTheThe nextnextnextnext sectionsectionsectionsection describesdescribesdescribesdescribes thethethethe mathematicsmathematicsmathematicsmathematics thatthatthatthat goesgoesgoesgoes intointointointo thethethethe computercomputercomputercomputer implementationimplementationimplementationimplementation ofofofof suchsuchsuchsuch fuzzyfuzzyfuzzyfuzzy logiclogiclogiclogic statements statements statements statements 3 3 3 3 However However However However it it it it is is is is cumbersomecumbersomecumbersomecumbersome forforforfor thisthisthisthis purposepurposepurposepurpose andandandand in in in in practicalpracticalpracticalpractical applicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplications thethethethe formulaeformulaeformulaeformulae werewerewerewere rearrangedrearrangedrearrangedrearranged andandandand simplifiedsimplifiedsimplifiedsimplified asasasas discusseddiscusseddiscusseddiscussed in in in in thethethethe nextnextnextnext section section section section 4 4 4 4 TheTheTheThe threethreethreethree componentscomponentscomponentscomponents willwillwillwill bebebebe describeddescribeddescribeddescribed in in in in thethethethe nextnextnextnext twotwotwotwo section section section section andandandand anananan exampleexampleexampleexample ofofofof xxxxxxxx analysisanalysisanalysisanalysis ofofofof a a a a computercomputercomputercomputer informationinformationinformationinformation systemsystemsystemsystem willwillwillwill thenthenthenthen illustrateillustrateillustrateillustrate theirtheirtheirtheir use use use use 5 5 5 5 WeWeWeWe cancancancan interpretinterpretinterpretinterpret thethethethe resultsresultsresultsresults ofofofof ExperimentsExperimentsExperimentsExperiments I I I I andandandand II II II II asasasas in in in in thethethethe followingfollowingfollowingfollowing sections sections sections sections 6 6 6 6 TheTheTheThe nextnextnextnext sectionsectionsectionsection summarizessummarizessummarizessummarizes thethethethe methodmethodmethodmethod in in in in a a a a fromfromfromfrom thatthatthatthat is is is is usefulusefulusefuluseful forforforfor argumentsargumentsargumentsarguments basedbasedbasedbased onononon xxxxxxxx SummarySummarySummarySummary 1 1 1 1 ThisThisThisThis paperpaperpaperpaper concludesconcludesconcludesconcludes withwithwithwith a a a a discussiondiscussiondiscussiondiscussion ofofofof futurefuturefuturefuture researchresearchresearchresearch considerationconsiderationconsiderationconsideration in in in in sectionsectionsectionsection 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 SectionSectionSectionSection 5 5 5 5 summarizessummarizessummarizessummarizes thethethethe resultsresultsresultsresults ofofofof thisthisthisthis investigation investigation investigation investigation 3 3 3 3 SectionSectionSectionSection 5 5 5 5 givesgivesgivesgives thethethethe conclusionsconclusionsconclusionsconclusions andandandand futurefuturefuturefuture directionsdirectionsdirectionsdirections ofofofof research research research research 4 4 4 4 SectionSectionSectionSection 7 7 7 7 providesprovidesprovidesprovides a a a a summarysummarysummarysummary andandandand a a a a discussiondiscussiondiscussiondiscussion ofofofof somesomesomesome extensionsextensionsextensionsextensions ofofofof thethethethe paper paper paper paper 5 5 5 5 Finally Finally Finally Finally conclusionsconclusionsconclusionsconclusions andandandand futurefuturefuturefuture workworkworkwork areareareare summarizedsummarizedsummarizedsummarized 6 6 6 6 TheTheTheThe basicbasicbasicbasic questionsquestionsquestionsquestions posedposedposedposed aboveaboveaboveabove areareareare thenthenthenthen discusseddiscusseddiscusseddiscussed andandandand conclusionsconclusionsconclusionsconclusions areareareare drawn drawn drawn drawn 7 7 7 7 SectionSectionSectionSection 7 7 7 7 is is is is thethethethe conclusionconclusionconclusionconclusion ofofofof thethethethe paper paper paper paper ChapterChapterChapterChapter 0 0 0 0 AbstractAbstractAbstractAbstract 1 1 1 1 A A A A basicbasicbasicbasic problemproblemproblemproblem in in in in thethethethe designdesigndesigndesign ofofofof xxxxxxxx is is is is presentedpresentedpresentedpresented bybybyby thethethethe choicechoicechoicechoice ofofofof a a a a xxxxxxxx raterateraterate forforforfor thethethethe measurementmeasurementmeasurementmeasurement ofofofof experimentalexperimentalexperimentalexperimental variables variables variables variables 2 2 2 2 ThisThisThisThis paperpaperpaperpaper examinesexaminesexaminesexamines a a a a newnewnewnew measuremeasuremeasuremeasure ofofofof xxxxxxxx in in in in xxxxxxxx basedbasedbasedbased onononon fuzzyfuzzyfuzzyfuzzy mathematicsmathematicsmathematicsmathematics whichwhichwhichwhich overcomesovercomesovercomesovercomes thethethethe difficultiesdifficultiesdifficultiesdifficulties foundfoundfoundfound in in in in otherotherotherother xxxxxxxx measures measures measures measures 3 3 3 3 ThisThisThisThis paperpaperpaperpaper describesdescribesdescribesdescribes a a a a systemsystemsystemsystem forforforfor thethethethe analysisanalysisanalysisanalysis ofofofof thethethethe xx xx xx xx 4 4 4 4 TheTheTheThe methodmethodmethodmethod involvesinvolvesinvolvesinvolves thethethethe constructionconstructionconstructionconstruction ofofofof xxxxxxxx fromfromfromfrom fuzzyfuzzyfuzzyfuzzy relations relations relations relations 5 5 5 5 TheTheTheThe procedureprocedureprocedureprocedure is is is is usefulusefulusefuluseful in in in in analyzinganalyzinganalyzinganalyzing howhowhowhow groupsgroupsgroupsgroups reachreachreachreach a a a a decision decision decision decision 6 6 6 6 TheTheTheThe techniquetechniquetechniquetechnique usedusedusedused is is is is totototo employemployemployemploy a a a a newlynewlynewlynewly developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped andandandand versatileversatileversatileversatile xxxxxxxx algorithm algorithm algorithm algorithm 7 7 7 7 TheTheTheThe usefulnessusefulnessusefulnessusefulness ofofofof xxxxxxxx is is is is alsoalsoalsoalso considered considered considered considered 8 8 8 8 A A A A briefbriefbriefbrief methodologymethodologymethodologymethodology usedusedusedused in in in in xxxxxxxx is is is is discussed discussed discussed discussed 9 9 9 9 TheTheTheThe analysisanalysisanalysisanalysis is is is is usefulusefulusefuluseful in in in in xxxxxxxx andandandand xxxxxxxx problem problem problem problem 10 10 10 10 A A A A modelmodelmodelmodel is is is is developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped forforforfor a a a a xxxxxxxx analysisanalysisanalysisanalysis usingusingusingusing fuzzyfuzzyfuzzyfuzzy matrices matrices matrices matrices 11 11 11 11 AlgorithmsAlgorithmsAlgorithmsAlgorithms totototo combinecombinecombinecombine thesethesethesethese estimatesestimatesestimatesestimates andandandand produceproduceproduceproduce a a a a xxxxxxxx areareareare presentedpresentedpresentedpresented andandandand justified justified justified justified 12 12 12 12 TheTheTheThe useuseuseuse ofofofof thethethethe methodmethodmethodmethod is is is is discusseddiscusseddiscusseddiscussed andandandand anananan exampleexampleexampleexample is is is is given given given given 13 13 13 13 ResultsResultsResultsResults ofofofof anananan experimentalexperimentalexperimentalexperimental applicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplications ofofofof thisthisthisthis xxxxxxxx analysisanalysisanalysisanalysis procedureprocedureprocedureprocedure areareareare givengivengivengiven totototo illustrateillustrateillustrateillustrate thethethethe proposedproposedproposedproposed technique technique technique technique 14 14 14 14 ThisThisThisThis paperpaperpaperpaper analysesanalysesanalysesanalyses problemsproblemsproblemsproblems in in in in 15 15 15 15 ThisThisThisThis paperpaperpaperpaper outlinesoutlinesoutlinesoutlines thethethethe functionsfunctionsfunctionsfunctions carriedcarriedcarriedcarried outoutoutout bybybyby 16 16 16 16 ThisThisThisThis paperpaperpaperpaper includesincludesincludesincludes anananan illustrationillustrationillustrationillustration ofofofof thethethethe 17 17 17 17 ThisThisThisThis paperpaperpaperpaper providesprovidesprovidesprovides anananan overviewoverviewoverviewoverview andandandand informationinformationinformationinformation usefulusefulusefuluseful forforforfor approachingapproachingapproachingapproaching 18 18 18 18 EmphasisEmphasisEmphasisEmphasis is is is is placedplacedplacedplaced onononon thethethethe constructionconstructionconstructionconstruction ofofofof a a a a criterioncriterioncriterioncriterion functionfunctionfunctionfunction bybybyby whichwhichwhichwhich thethethethe xxxxxxxx in in in in achievingachievingachievingachieving a a a a hierarchicalhierarchicalhierarchicalhierarchical systemsystemsystemsystem ofofofof objectivesobjectivesobjectivesobjectives areareareare evaluated evaluated evaluated evaluated 19 19 19 19 TheTheTheThe mainmainmainmain emphasisemphasisemphasisemphasis is is is is placedplacedplacedplaced onononon thethethethe problemproblemproblemproblem ofofofof xxxxxxxx 20 20 20 20 OurOurOurOur proposedproposedproposedproposed modelmodelmodelmodel is is is is verifiedverifiedverifiedverified throughthroughthroughthrough experimentalexperimentalexperimentalexperimental study study study study 21 21 21 21 TheTheTheThe experimentalexperimentalexperimentalexperimental resultsresultsresultsresults revealrevealrevealreveal interestinginterestinginterestinginteresting examplesexamplesexamplesexamples ofofofof fuzzyfuzzyfuzzyfuzzy phasesphasesphasesphases of of of of xx xx xx xx xxxxxxxx 22 22 22 22 TheTheTheThe compatibilitycompatibilitycompatibilitycompatibility ofofofof a a a a projectprojectprojectproject in in in in termstermstermsterms ofofofof cost cost cost cost andandandand xxxxxxxx areareareare likewiselikewiselikewiselikewise representedrepresentedrepresentedrepresented bybybyby linguisticlinguisticlinguisticlinguistic variables variables variables variables 23 23 23 23 A A A A didacticdidacticdidacticdidactic exampleexampleexampleexample is is is is includedincludedincludedincluded totototo illustrateillustrateillustrateillustrate thethethethe computationalcomputationalcomputationalcomputational procedureprocedureprocedureprocedure ChapterChapterChapterChapter 1 1 1 1 IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction TimeTimeTimeTime 1 1 1 1 OverOverOverOver thethethethe coursecoursecoursecourse ofofofof thethethethe pastpastpastpast 30303030 years years years years hashashashas emergedemergedemergedemerged formformformform intuitiveintuitiveintuitiveintuitive 2 2 2 2 TechnologicalTechnologicalTechnologicalTechnological revolutionsrevolutionsrevolutionsrevolutions havehavehavehave recentlyrecentlyrecentlyrecently hithithithit thethethethe industrialindustrialindustrialindustrial worldworldworldworld 3 3 3 3 TheTheTheThe adventadventadventadvent ofofofof systemssystemssystemssystems forforforfor hashashashas hadhadhadhad a a a a significantsignificantsignificantsignificant impactimpactimpactimpact onononon thethethethe 4 4 4 4 TheTheTheThe developmentdevelopmentdevelopmentdevelopment ofofofof is is is is exploredexploredexploredexplored 5 5 5 5 DuringDuringDuringDuring thethethethe pastpastpastpast decade decade decade decade thethethethe theorytheorytheorytheory ofofofof fuzzyfuzzyfuzzyfuzzy setssetssetssets hashashashas developeddevelopeddevelopeddeveloped in in in in a a a a varietyvarietyvarietyvariety ofofofof directionsdirectionsdirectionsdirections 6 The6 The6 The6 The conceptconce