2014九第五讲unit5.docx

第五讲 What are the shirts made of?考点语法:被动语态考点来源：What are the shirts made of?l The car is washed by Tom every day.l Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.1. 结构： _ = get + 过去分词 (by sb/sth)Great changes have taken place in Chengdu in the past few years.注意: _无被动语态。2. There is a lovely dog. He is called Doudou, which is loved by his owner, Sophia. One day Sophia and Doudou were seen shopping in the supermarket. While Sophia was looking for her favorite snack, Doudou was being kissed by a black cat. Sophia got annoyed, so she punched the mean cat badly. Unluckily, the cats owner was a tough guy with strong muscle who just saw what was happening at that moment. Sophia ran away as soon as quickly. On the way, she said to herself,” I didnt kick that guys ass just because I am supposed to act like a lady. You are still as a brave girl as before.一般过去时被动语态：一般将来时被动语态：现在进行时被动语态：现在完成时被动语态：现在完成进行时被动语态：过去将来时被动语态：过去完成时被动语态：过去进行时被动语态：3. 进行时表示被动：The car needs repairing. Need/require doing 用进行时表示被动4. 解题技巧：判断主语和谓语之间的关系选择正确的谓语形式: 时态 单复数 Ps: 单选中出现Be done 考虑动词的发出者和主语的关系被动语态第一节 被动语态的构成被动语态的基本结构是“助动词be +过去分词”。被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词take为例，将被动语态常见时态的动词形式列表如下：一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般将来时am/is/aretaken am/is/arebeing taken have/has been taken will/shall be taken一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时was /weretaken was/werebeing taken had been taken would/shouldbe taken 从上表中可以看出，被动语态的各种时态变化都是通过助动词“be”的各种时态来表示的，因此只要知道“be”的时态形式，也就掌握了被动语态构成。下面是被动语态各种时态的例句：e.g. You are wanted on the phone . 有你的电话。（一般现在时） The railway was built in 1998. 这条铁路建于1998 年。（一般过去时） A new railway is being built in this city. 这个城市正在修建一条新的铁路。（现在进行时） The railway was being built this time last year.去年这个时候这条铁路正在修建。（过去进行时） The new railway has already been built.新铁路已经建成了。（现在完成时） The new railway had been built by the end of last year.这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。（过去完成时） A new railway will be built in this city next year.这个城市明年将建一条新的铁路。（一般将来时） He told us that the new railway would be built the next year.他告诉我们新铁路将于第二年建成。（过去将来时）第二节 被动语态的各种句型1.单宾语结构。 e.g. Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.我们英语老师经常用录音机教英语。（主动语态） A tape-recorder is often used (by our English teacher) in teaching English.录音机经常用来教英语。2双宾语结构 这种结构可有两种被动语态句型，即分别用间接宾语和直接宾语作主语。e.g. The villagers gave the foreign guests warm welcome.（主动语态）The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.（被动1）A warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.（被动2）3。复合宾语结构 这种结构只能将主动语态的宾语改作被动语态的主语。 e.g. They heard someone singing in the next room.(主动) Someone was heard singing in the next room. (被动)4. 含情态动词的被动结构 含情态动词的句子其被动语态形式是“情态动词+ be+过去分词”。 e.g. The trees should be watered every day. 这些树应每天浇水。 This word can be pronounced in two ways. 这个单词可以有两种发音。5短语动词结构 相当于及物动词的短语动词也可以有被动语态，如 look after, give up , take care of , pay attention to , make use of , put off, wake up , put out 等。e.g. The children must be taken good care of .这些孩子必须得到好的照顾。The big fire has been put out . 大火已被扑灭。特别提醒A只有及物动词和及物短语动词才可以有被动语态不及物动词，不及物短语动词或系动词都不可以有被动语态，如happen, go on , take place , belong to , sound, feel等。e.g. This room belongs to me. .这房子属于我。不可以说：This room is belonged to me .e.g. This music sounds sweet.这音乐听起来很悦耳。不可以说：This music is sounded sweet.B.被动语态只有在强调动作的承受者或不知道动作的执行者时才使用。e.g. This sock is made of silk.这袜子是丝的。（不知道动作的执行者是谁。）English is required in many schools of our country.在我们国家许多学校要求开设英语课。（强调动作的承受者English.）C. 千万不能按中文意思死搬硬套，如句子“你的信我已经收到了。”不能说：Your letter has been received by me .只能说：I have received your letter.D. 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 1。找出主动语态的宾语，作为被动语态的主语；2。将谓语动词有主动形式变为被动形式；3。有无必要用 by 短语。4。注意被动语态的句式，时态必须主动语态一致。e.g. Have you found your lost book? 你找到你丢的书了吗？（一般问句，现在完成时） Has your lost book been found?你丢的书找到没有？（一般问句，现在完成时）E. 有些动词常用主动形式表示被动意义，如动词act, cook, keep , look , open , write, read, sell , wash 等，这时句子的主语通常是没有生命的。e.g. This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 meters wide. 这个大厅长100米，宽60 米。 This pen sells well in that country. 这种笔在那个国家很好销。F. 在一些固句型中常用被动语态结构，如：It is said that 据说，人们说 It is reported that 据报道 It is hoped that 人们希望 It is well known that 众所周知 It is believed that人们相信 It must be admitted that必须承认 It must be pointed that必须指出的是考题精练1. The flowers need .A. water B. to water C. watered D. watering2. In China, the old . A. is taken good care B. are taken good care C. is taken good care of D. are taken good care of3. The cat can by Mr. Chen when you are away. A. look B. look after C. be looked D. be looked after4. In the last ten years, great changes in Chongqing. A. has been taken place B. have been taken place C. have taken place D. has taken place5. Can you tell me whom the play in 1998? A. was written by B. was written C. is written by D. is written6. Claudia, are you going to Jeffs birthday party on Saturday?Unless I _.【2014黄冈】A. will be invited B. am invited C. was inviting D. invited7. The pet dog is warm and loving, It _ as a daughter of my family. 【2014河北】A. treats B. treated C. is treated D. was treated 8. When Tim _ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. 【2014河南】 A. was asked B. asked C. was asking D. is asking9. Hurry up! Once the concern starts. Nobody _ to enter the concert hall. 【2014泰安】 A. allows B. allowed C. is allowed D. is 10. Tom! I looked for you everywhere at the party last night. Oh, I _ to the party. 【2014威海】 A. am invited B. was invited C. am not invited D. wasnt invited正确形式填空1. In some countries, tea with milk and sugar.（serve）2. Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year and they made our school a beautiful garden.( plant)3. I wont leave my office until my work .(finish)4. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week.(give)5. The thief _by the policeman already.(catch)总结：重要词汇l rise (rose; risen) 增加；提高；增强；上升，升起risevi升起；上升主语自身移向较高位置Price rose graduallyraisevt举起；提高主语发出的动作作用于其他事物Lets raise our glasses to Tom.( ) The river _ two inches this morning. A. rose B. raised C. are getting up D. growl They are made of bamboo and covered with paper.【解析】cover v 包括；涉及=include n 封面；盖子 be covered with_ cover sth. with sth _Please_（覆盖）the table with this piece of cloth. 【2013漳州】【解析2】make (made made) 做，制造，使产生，使成为make sb do sth 被动语态 _.Be made of _Be made from_Be made in_Produce 生产 产生 n. 产品l Historical adj. 历史的 history n. 历史historical relics 历史遗迹 l Avoid v. 避免，回避Avoid doing _ (成功避免) avoidable 可以避免的l Lively 【拓展】_ a living 谋生alive表示“_”，可作表语，也可作定语，作定语时必须后置living表示“活着的，有生命的”，可作表语，与alive同义，反义词是deadlively 表示“_”，可用来修饰人，也可以修饰物1）alive 意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。虽有死的可能，但还活着。例如：No man alive is greater than he . 在活着的人中没有人比他更伟大了。(注：此时 alive 含有“在所有活着的之中”) He wanted to keep the fish alive . 他想让鱼活着。 2）living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：My first teacher is still living . 我的启蒙老师仍健在。 English is a living language . 英语是活的语言。 注意：living 前加上 the , 表示类别，指“活着的人们”。living 还可用于短语，例如：make a living 谋生。make a / ones living by + ing 通过干谋生 3）live “活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。例如：a live wire 有电的电线，a live fish 一条活鱼。 4）lively 则意为“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如：Jenny is a lively girl . 詹妮是个活泼的女孩。 Everything is lively here . 这儿一切都生机勃勃。Chengdu is one of the_(live) cities in China.l The pieces are carefully shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay and then allowed to air-dry.【解析】allow v 允许allow doing sth .allow sb. to do sth .be allowed to do sth We dont allow _(smoke) in the reading room.The boy should be allowed_(play) after supper.考题精炼1. Its autumn now, the _ in some of the trees are turning yellow or red.A. leaves B. grass C. leaf2. In the winter, the mountain is _ white snow.A. cover with B. covered with C. cover under D. covered under3. The box is too heavy to carry. Whats in it? Oh, it is _ books. 【2012湖北十堰】 A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for4. The classroom is so bright now. You should_ _the lights. OK,I will. 【2014江苏泰州】 A. turn on B. turn up C. turn down D. turn off5. You fill in both parts of the form, then_.A. send up it B. send for it C. send it away D. send it off6. Mr. Brown always makes his class _ and keeps his students _ in class. A. alive; interesting B. lively; interesting C. alive; interested D. lively; interested7. Have you ever been to Paris, one of _ cities in Europe? No. But one day I might go there on vacation. 【2012山东青岛】 A. the pleasant B. the most excited C. more wonderful D. the liveliest8. The window is broken. Try to_ who broke it.A. find out B. find C. look D. look for9. As the curtain _, the famous singer came out . The fans _ and screamed with excitement. 【2012江苏常州1】 A. was raised; rose B. had been raised; were raised C. rose; were raised D. had risen; raised10. We dont have enough money for our field trip .What shall we do? The best way_money is to sell newspapers【2014四川乐山】 Araise Bto raise Craising11. The International Kite Festival _ every year in our city. A. holds B. is holding C. is held重点短语71. be made of. 由.制成2. be made in. 在.制造3. be known for. 以闻名4. the art and science fair 艺术与科学展览会5. a model plane飞机模型6. be made from. .由制成7. in the past在过去8. on the sides of mountains在山腰9. do sth. by hand手工做10. all over the world全世界11. be good for. 对有益12. in the local shops在当地的商店里13. avoid doing sth. 避免14. in fact事实上15. many other things许多其他的东西16. everyday things日常用品17. high-technology products高科技产品18. in all parts of the world在世界各地19. be covered by. 被覆盖20. use to do sth. 用来做某事21. go on a vacation to. 去度假22. fly a kite 放风筝23. the international kite festival 国际风華节24. be painted with. 被画上.25. turn into. 变成26. sky lantern 孔明灯27. a fairy tale 一个神话故事28. at a very high heat 在高温下29. rise into. 升入30. send out 发送31. in trouble 陷