语从句课件精心完全版.ppt

定语从句讲解 什么是定语从句呢 答案 修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 结构 先行词 关系词 句子 Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman 先行词 关系词 定语从句 关系词 关系代词 that which who whom whose关系副词 when where why 关系代词 指物 thatwhich指人 who 主 宾格 thatwhom 宾格 可指人可指物 whose 定语 表示所属关系 关系代词that which引导的定语从句 如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词 关系代词应用that which 作主语或宾语 Amatchinggame Matchthetwosentences1 I mreadingabook ThebookisaboutBillGates 2 Heisateacher TheteacherteachesusChinese 3 Idon tliketheman Heissmoking 4 Whereisthepicture Youboughtitlastweek I mreadingabookthat whichisaboutBillGates Heisateacherwho thatteachesusChinese Idon tlikethemanwhoissmoking Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek 5Thisisadreamthat whichwillnevercometrue 6Thedogwhich thatwaslosthasbeenfound 7Thisisthecardwhich that I vejustreceivedthecard 8Thisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinchina 9Themanwho whom thathedescribedisafamouswriter Thisisadream Thedreamwillnevercometrue Thisisadreamwhich thatwillnevercometrue Thedoghasbeenfound Thedogwaslost Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound which that作主语 不能省 作主语 which that作宾语 可省略 Thisisthecard I vejustreceivedthecard Thisisthecardwhich thatI vejustreceived 作宾语 关系代词who that whom引导的定语从句 如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词 关系代词应用who that 作主语或宾语 whom 作宾语 who that作主语 不能省 Thisisthefilmstar ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina 作主语 that who whom that作宾语 可省略 Themanisafamouswriter Hedescribedthemanjustnow Theman who whom that hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter 作宾语 Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight Thethiefwhomthepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison 小结 that 既可指人 也可指物 作主语 不能省略 作宾语 可以省略 which 指物 作主语 不能省略 作宾语 可以省略 who 指人 作主语 不能省略 作宾语 可以省略 常用whom 注 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定 I whoamyourEnglishteacher amstrictwithyou Allthatglittersisnotgold 考点二 that和which的选择 1 that指物时一般可以与which互换 但在下列情况引导词只用that 不用which 当先行词为all much little few none something anything everything nothing等不定代词时 如 a Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone b Iamsureshehassomething that youcanborrow c Thereislittle that theenemycandobesidessurrender 先行词被all every no some any little much修饰时 I vereadallthebooks that yougaveme 考点二 that和which的选择 先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 Thisisthebestbook that I veeverread Thisisthefirstcomposition that hehaswritteninEnglish 先行词被theonly thevery thelast修饰时 Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone that Ireallylike Thisistheverybook that Iwanttofind 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时 这个定语从句要用that而不用who whom 和which引导 如 Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools that hehadvisited 先行词是疑问词who which what时 定语从句用that而不用who whom 和which引导 考点二 that和which的选择 Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome 当关系代词在从句中作表语时 Maryisnolongerthegirl that sheusedtobe Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe Which可以引导非限定性定语从句 可用于介词后 其先行词可是一个词 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分 1Sheheardaterriblenoise broughtherheartintohermouth A itB whichC thisD that2 Theweatherturnedouttobegood wasmorethanwecouldexpect A whatB whichC thatD it 考点二 that和which的选择 2 只用which的情况 B B 考点三 as与which引导的定语从句 对这两个词作如下归纳 1 如果定语放主句后 即引用as也可以用which Hefailedtotheexam as which isnatural Sheseemsascientist as which infactsheis Grammarisnotadeadrule which as Ihavesaidbefore 2 如果从句在主句前 这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句 如 Asweallknow hisparentswerekilledinthewar Asweallknow theearthisround 3 用于thesame as such as as as so as 中 一般用as e g Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday 4 as代表前面主句意思时 有 正如 之意 而which没有此意思 从句中的动词常是expect know see think want suppose等 Hewonthematch aswehadexpected Heagreedtotheplan aswastobeexpected Thepolicewerelookingforhim ashethought 考点三 as与which引导的定语从句 Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift 5 as在从句中作主语时 后面常接行为动词的被动语态 如beknown besaid bereported等 如从句中行为动词是主动语态 一般要用which作主语 e g Shehasbeenlateagain aswasexpected Tomhasmadegreatprogress whichmadeushappy 6 如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用 或者说导致的结果 则用which a Hecheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney whichwasverydisgraceful b Hecamebacklate whichmadehismotherworried 考点三 as与which引导的定语从句 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit Thisissointerestingabook wealllikeit that that 这本书如此有趣 大家都喜欢 结果状语从句 as的使用 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike Thisissointerestingabook wealllike as as 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书 定语从句 as的使用 ThisisthesamebookasIlost ThisisthesamebookthatIlost 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样 这本书就是我丢的那本 as的使用 Theearthisround weallknow isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoallthattheearthisround Whatisknowntoallisthattheearthisround as As It 4as的使用 whose作定语 表示所属关系 Theboyismyclassmate Theboy sfatherisapoliceman Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate Thereareinthisclass20students aredifferent A whosebackgroundsB ThebackgroundsofwhomC ofwhomthebackgroundsD thebackgroundsofwhose Whose的使用 Achild parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan 孤儿 A whoB whoseC who sD which 关系副词 when where why when作时间状语 Shewillneverforgettheday Shewasmarriedonthatday Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen onwhich shewasmarried Itwastheyear TheWorldWarIbrokeoutintheyear Itwastheyearwhen inwhich theWorldWarIbrokeout When 介词 which where作地点状语 Iwanttoknowtheplace Iwasbornthere Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere inwhich Iwasborn Thetablewhere atwhich sheissittingisanewone where 介词 which why作原因状语 其先行词常常是thereason Thatisthereasonwhy forwhich I mlate Iknowthereasonwhyhesaidit why forwhich 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 1 找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全 如齐全用关系副词 用什么关系副词看先行词 Iwillneverforgetthedays Istayedwithyou when JurassicParkisaboutapark averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs where 1958wastheyear Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm Pleasegivemethereason youmadesuchagreatsuccess when why Morningisthebesttime youpractisereadingaloud when Doyourememberthelake youfirstmetyourgirlfriend where 2 如定语从句中缺宾语 确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词 如是 用关系代词 如不是 用关系副词 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse thegreatwriterusedtolive where inwhich Thehouse theybuiltin1987 stayedupintheearthquake whichthat Luckilynoneofthepeople Iknow werekilledintheearthquake whowhomthat Myfatherwasbornintheyear theSecondWorldWarbrokeout inwhich when 3 如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构 有主语 则用关系副词 Kunmingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround where October1stistheday newChinawasfounded when Thewindow wasopenedthismorning hasbeenbroken Whichthat Themeeting willbeheldnextweek isveryimportant Whichthat 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 考点四 关系代词前介词的确定 如何选定介词 1 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 请体会 e g Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles 2 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 如 e g CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI msure 3 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 请体会 e g 1949wastheyearinwhichtheP R C wasfounded 4 非限制性定与从句中 要表示先行词的一部分时 可用 数词 代词 of 关系代词 的结构 如 e g Thereare50studentsinourclass two thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing 5 Whose从句可转换为 of 关系代词 型 如 e g Theyliveinahouse whosedooropenstothesouth Theylivedinahouse ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth Theylivedinahouse thedoorofwhichopentothesouth 考点四 关系代词前介词的确定 关系副词when where why可以用适当的介词 which来替代 如 when in on at which where in on at which why for which介词的位置非常灵活 有时放在关系代词之前 有时放在动词之后 eg 1 Iwon tforgetthedatewhen onwhich Iwasborn 2 Thisistheroomwhere inwhich Ilived ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin 3 Idon tknowthereasonwhy forwhich hehaven tcometoday 4 Tomstillremembersthedayswhen inwhich theylivedinTianjin 考点四 关系代词前介词的确定 5when where why与that which的区分 I llneverforgettheday wefirstmetinthepark I llneverforgetthetime Ispentwithyou I llneverforgetthetime wasspentwithyou Thisisthemuseum Ivisitedlastyear when which that which that which that 3 根据先行词判断 所用的介词与先行词搭配 Thisisourclassroom whichthereisateacher sdesk inthefrontof 如何判断介词 2 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks whichIamnotveryfamiliar with 如何判断介词 1 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 Thisisthebook whichyouasked 注意 动词短语不能拆开即介词不能提前 for TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter 如何判断介词 思考 是否所有的介词 关系代词都能用关系副词代替 Thepainting Ilooked waspaintedbyme atwhich Thebook Iheard waswrittentwentyyearsago aboutwhich Thepen shewrotethatbook cannowbeseeninamuseum withwhich Kunmingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround where inwhich Iwillneverforgottheday Ifirstmetyouontheship onwhich when duringwhich Thefilm Ifellasleep wasveryboring 结论 只有当介词 关系代词充当地点状语 时间状语或原因状语时 才能用关系副词代替 6定语从句中的动词的数 Heistheonlyoneinhisclasswho have gottheteacher spraiseHeisoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho have gottheteacher spraise has have 关系词在定语从句中做主语时 谓语动词的数取决于先行词 Exercise1 用关系代词填空 Theboy isplayingping pongismyclassmate Thee mail Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister Ihatepeople talkmuchbutdolittle Thecar myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful who that which that who that which that 5 Theman hairiswhiteishisgrandfather 6 Isthereastudent fatherisabusinessman 7 Thisisthehousein wehavelivedfor10years 8 I veneverheardofthepeopleandthings youtalkedaboutjustnow whose whose which that 当先行词同时指人和物时 关系代词只能用that Exercise2 Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings theycouldn tremember Sayall youknow Isthereanything Icandoforyou that that that 当先行词是something anything nothing all等词时 关系代词只能用that 4 Thisisthefirstplay IhaveseensinceIcamehere 5 Thisisthebestnovel Ihaveread that that 当先行词被序数词 最高级等词修饰时 关系代词只能用that 6 Whoisthegirl isstandingunderthetree 7 Whichisthemachine weusedlastSunday 当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句 而中心词指人或物时 关系代词只能用that that that Exercise 1 October1 1949istheday thePRCwasfounded whichB whenC thatD onthat2 Isthatthereason youarefortheplan whichB whatC whyD forthat 3 October1 1949istheday thePRCwasfounded A whichB whenC thatD onthat4 Isthistheplace youwereborn A whichB whereC whatD that 1 Isthistheplace youwereborn A whichB whereC whatD that2 Isthistheplace someGermanfriendsvisitedlastyear A whichB whereC whatD why 3 Thehouse thefamouswriterwrotehisworksisamuseumnow A whichB whereC whatD that4 Thehouse thefamouswriterboughtmanyyearsagoisamuseumnow A thatB whereC whatD why 5 Hetoldherthereason heisunhappy butshedoesn tbelievethereason hegivesher A why whyB why whichC that whyD which why Correctthesentences 1 I musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday 2 ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada 3 July1 1999isthedaywhenwe llneverforget to that 4 I mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme 5 Thosethathaven tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate which who Correctthesentences 6 ThisisthelasttimewhenI vegivenyoulessons 7 Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable that why Correctthesentences 8 MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool gives Correctthesentences 9 Taiwan thatweknow belongstoChina 10 ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis as on Correctthesentences 练习题 1 All isusefultousisgood A whichB whatC thatD whether C 2 Isthisfactory wevisitedlastweek A whereB thatC whichD theone D 3 Shewillneverforgettheday shespentinBeijing A whenB whatC whichD why C 4 Thisistheschool myfatherworked20yearsago A thatB whenC whichD where D 5 Thisistheveryfactory wevisitedlastyear A thatB whichC whatD theone A 6 Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories learntinthepastthreedays A thathaveB thathavebeenC whichhasD whichhasbeen B 7 Thecollegewon ttakeanyone eyesightisweak A whoB whoseC ofwhomD which B 8 Letmethinkofapropersituation thissentencecanbeused A whereB thatC ofwhomD which A 9 Theman youaretalkingisinthenextroom A towhomB aboutwhomC a