非谓语动词 1.doc

非谓语动词1 一. 本周教学内容非谓语动词（1）二. 教学重、难点动名词和不定式作宾语的比较三. 教学要点1. 在英语中，不是用作句子谓语，而是用于担任其它语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。其中， 分词又分为现在分词和过去分词。 非谓语动词不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化，仍具有动词的一般特性，可以带有宾语或状语构成短语。2. 非谓语动词的结构与特点：非谓语动词主动语态被动语态特点不定式to doto be doingto have doneto be doneto have been done表示动作的将来或同时发生现在分词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done表示动作的进行和主动过去分词done表示动作的完成和被动动名词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done表示动作的概念性和抽象性3. 注意：（1）非谓语动词的否定形式是not + 非谓语动词。（2）动名词的逻辑主语在口语中可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格。4. 动名词和不定式作主语的比较： Learning texts by heart is helpful to language studies. 表一般情况To learn the text by heart is not easy. 表特定情况5. 动名词和不定式作表语的比较：My job is teaching you English. 表一般情况My task is to help you with your English. 表特定情况6. 动名词和不定式作宾语的比较：（1）当动词后接不定式作宾语时，大多表示主语将要达到的某种目的或主语尚未完成的动作。后跟不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, decide, promise, ask, expect, refuse, offer, want, wish, hope, plan, pretend, desire 等。（2）当动词后接动名词作宾语时， 该动名词大多是前面动词所涉及的客观对象。 后跟动名词作宾语的动词有：admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, mind, give up, practise, finish, miss, risk, escape, enjoy, imagine, delay, suggest, understand, keep, excuse, cant help, put off, insist on, be worth 等。（3）有的动词如：advise, allow, permit 可接动名词作宾语，但要用不定式作宾补。We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow him to smoke here.（4）有些动词接不定式和动名词作宾语时意义有很大区别：试比较：He stopped talking. 他停止谈话。He stopped to talk. 他停止所作的事，开始谈话。I remember posting the letter. （信已寄出）I remember to post the letter. （信未寄出）Dont forget to give my best regards to your parents. 请不要忘记代我向你的父母问好。I forgot being paid and asked for another 20 dollars. 我忘了钱款已收，又要求付20美元。I regret going there. 我后悔去过那里。I regret to tell you , you didnt pass the exam. 我遗憾的告诉你，你考试不及格。You must try to write it in English. 你应该尽力用英语写这封信。He tries writing letters in English. 他试着用英语写信。I dont mean to hurt you. 我没有伤害你的意图。Having missed the last bus means walking home. 错过了末班车意味着走回家。7. 动名词和分词作表语的比较（1）动名词作表语如同名词作表语，只对主语起叙述作用，因为动名词只表示一种较抽象化的行为动作。如：Seeing is believing.One of my favourite games is playing golf.（2）分词作表语与形容词作表语一样， 用以说明主语的特征，对主语起描述作用。The question is puzzling.The window is broken.【典型例题】1. It is quite difficult _ him _ good English.A. to train, to speakB. to train, speakingC. training, speakingD. train, to speak2. The girl became blind so young that as she grew older she did not remember _ able to see.A. to beB. beingC. canD. could3. Billy failed _ out the mistakes in his test paper, so he got an “ e ”.A. findingB. having found C. to foundD. to find4. The _ football match made us _.A. excited, excitingB. exciting, excitingC. exciting, excitedD. excited, excited5. A group of boys were playing marbles. A man passed by and stopped _ them _.A. watching, playingB. to watch, playingC. to watchD. watching, play6. Mr Black is said _ a new novel already.A. to write B. to have been written C. to be writtenD. to have written7. Whats the name of the building _ near our school now?A. is being builtB. builtC. being builtD. to be built8. Could you tell me the topic _ at tomorrows meeting?A. to be discussedB being discussedC. discussedD. to discuss9. Have you visited the new museum _ two years ago?A. to be completedB. being completedC. completedD. completing10. I hope you will express apologies for _ careless.A. you areB. to beC. your D. your being11. Would you please take a short walk with me now?_ , but I am busy at present.A. Of course notB. Thats all rightC. Id like toD. Sorry, I cant12. _ music is always the most favourite pastime of many people all over the world.A. To listen toB. Listening toC. Listen toD. Listening13. The lights in the classroom are still on. Oh, I forgot _.A. turning them onB. turn them onC. to turn them offD. to turn off them14. Police dogs coat must be short _ caught up when it is working.A. so as not to beB. so as not beC. in order that not to beD. not to be15. Are you looking forward to _ to the opening ceremony?A. invitingB. inviteC. to be invitedD. being invitedKEY：15 ABDCB610 DCACD1115 CBCAD【模拟试题】1. Its kind _ you _ us to your New Years Eve dinner.A. for, to inviteB. for, invitingC. of, to inviteD. of, to be invited2. Phillip felt himself _ red as he picked up the book, which luckily did not seem _ by the fall.A. go, to be damaged B. to go, to be damagedC. go, to have been damaged D. go, to have damaged3. Plastics are used _ many useful things for our daily life.A. to be made B. to making C. make D. to make4. The students could not help _ when they were told the unexpected news.A. movingB. being moved C. moved D. having moved5. Shall I ask you a question on _ the college entrance examination?A. if to passB. how passing C. when to pass D. how to pass6. The air is thin _ in the high mountains.A. to be breathed B. to breatheC. to breath D. for breathe7. The little boys were seen _ “ for keeps ” in the corner.A. to be playingB. playingC. playD. played8. I remember _ that you were ill, but I forgot who.A. to be toldB. tellingC. being toldD. having told9. The students are busy _ the school sports meeting.A. to prepareB. preparingC. prepare forD. preparing for10. What can we do _ this disease _?A. to keep, spreading B. to prevent, spreadingC. to stop, being spread D. to prevent, spreaded11. My tape recorder has gone wrong. I am going to have _.A. it repaired B. fixed itC. it fixing D. fixed it12. The child used to write with a ball-pen, and now he is _ with a writing brush.A. trying writing B. to try to writeC. trying writing D. trying to write13. Can I use your dictionary for a while? I have _ mine.A. forgotten taking B. forgotten to takeC. forgotten to bring D. forgotten bringing14. After the exam, she didnt know whether to sell her books or _.A. keep them for referenceB. to keep them for referenceC. if she should keep them