山东省高密市英语一轮复习阅读理解专练（4）.doc

山东省高密市2015一轮复习英语阅读理解专练（4）细节理解-语意转换法 技巧点拨高考试题中的细节理解题大多通过语句的同义或反义转换考查学生对英语语言的理解能力。解题时要特别注意下列几点：1考生可先看试题，再带着问题到阅读材料中寻找正确答案，加强解题的针对性。2如果问题中有not，except，least，never等词时，要特别留意，不要漏看这些词或理解错误而误选答案。3问到what，who，when，which，where，according to the author等具体细节时，一定要以文章所谈到的内容为据，而不要凭自己的经验或观点去选择答案。 活学活用 阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务(2010年山东卷)ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. recycling in the home is very important of course. however，being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. we are dealing with the results of overconsumption in the greenest way possible，but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.the total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005.it now makes up a third of a typical households waste in the uk.in many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. the uk，for example，is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste.if such packaging is burnt，it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect.recycling helps，but the process itself uses energy. the solution is not to produce such items in the first place. food waste is a serious problem，too. too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. however，a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue，encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags，for example.but this is not just about supermarkets. it is about all of us. we have learned to associate packaging with quality. we have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. this is especially true of food. but it also applies to a wide range of consumer products，which often have far more packaging than necessary. there are signs of hope. as more of us recycle，we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary material are collecting. we need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture，but we have a mountain to climb.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要_.根据所读短文，选出最佳答案1what does the underlined phrase “overconsumption” refer to?ausing too much packaging.brecycling too many wastes.cmaking more products than necessary.dhaving more material than is needed.2the author uses figures in paragraph 2 to show _.athe tendency of cutting household wastebthe increase of packaging recycling cthe rapid growth of super marketsdthe fact of packaging overuse3according to the text，recycling _.ahelps control the greenhouse effectbmeans burning packaging for energycis the solution to gas shortagedleads to a waste of land4what can be inferred from paragraph 4?aunpackaged products are of bad quality.bsupermarkets care more about packaging.cit is improper to judge quality by packaging.dother products are better packaged than food.5what can we learn from the last paragraph?afighting wastefulness is difficult.bneedless material is mostly recycled.cpeople like collecting recyclable waste.dthe author is proud of their consumer culture.参考答案recycling is one way to help environment，but whats most important is that we dont overconsume or pay too much attention to packaging when we are shopping.(27 words)1解析：从前句的being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need知道我们是在 “过度消费”或“过量消费”。答案：d2解析：increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005说明包装盒的消费量增长迅速，由此可知答案。答案：d3解析：从recycling helps可知答案。答案：a4解析：人们习惯了把包装与产品质量联系起来，意为包装不好的东西就意味着品质不好。答案：c5解析：从最后一句we need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture，but we have a mountain to climb可知答案。答案：a 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(七)】aplants that live in the rainforest have adapted in amazing ways to several very difficult conditions.this means that the plant has changed something in its “body” or “habits” to make it easier to survive in difficult conditions.there are several conditions they have had to adapt to.first，the soil of the forest floor is shallow.also，the soil of the rainforest is not very rich，or easy to grow in.next is the problem of very heavy rain which continues over a large part of the year.finally，many plants of the rainforest are food for animals that live there.the biggest problem that rainforest plants have to adapt to is the lack of sunlight in the rainforests lower levels.plants have adapted to this problem in several ways.many plants have very large leaves.the large leaf is helpful because it has a bigger surface area.the bigger surface area a leaf has，the more sunlight it can absorb.the canopy trees adapt by growing to be 100 feet tall so that their leaves can grab all available sunlight.other plants called lianas (climbing woody vines) have adapted by rooting themselves in the soil of the forest floor and growing up the trees until they reach the canopy layer.still other plants，such as epiphytes，have adapted by growing directly on the treestrunks and branches in the canopy and understory layers of the rainforest.an adaptation to the large amounts of rainfall that many rainforest plants have is called “drip tips”their leaves are tapered (逐渐变细) to a sharp point at the end.this allows water to run off the leaf quickly.there are many other adaptations that rainforest plants have made to their environment.these will be discussed in detail，as we investigate the plants of the rainforest! 26which of the following is a difficulty that the rainforest plants have to face?achanges in their “body” or “habits”bsoil that is not very deep.cepiphytes that grow on treestrunks.dthe worsening of the natural environment.27how do lianas adapt to the environment in the rainforest?athey grow under big leaves for protection.bthey rely on other plants to reach the canopy layer.cthey change their leaf structure constantly.dthey grow on other plantsbranches.28the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 probably refers to _.athe takein of sunlightbthe large amounts of rainfallcthe leaves having a sharp point at the enddwaters running off the leaves quickly29what can be inferred about rainforest plants?athey have to face dangers not only from animals but also from each other.btoo little sunlight and too much water are the biggest problems they face.cdifferent kinds of plants have different ways to absorb sunlight.dall of their adaptations have been investigated in detail.30what would be the best title of the passage?ahow do plants adapt to the rainforests?bwhy do plants change themselves?cwhat kind of plants is the most adaptable?dwhat is the best place for plants to live in?26b细节理解题。根据第一段的“first，the soil of the forest floor is shallow.”，可知b为答案。27b细节理解题。根据第二段的“other plants called lianas.growing up the trees until they reach the canopy layer.”可知答案为b。28c词义猜测题。this指代的是前面提到的“their leaves are tapered to a sharp point at the end.”。d项是改变后的结果。29c推理判断题。根据第二段的“plants have adapted to this problem in several ways.”及后来列举的不同植物的适应方法可推出c为正确答案。30a主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了热带雨林中一些植物是如何适应那里艰难的生存条件的。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(七)】bsome people make you feel comfortable when they are around.you spend an hour with them and feel as if you have known them half your life.these people have something in common.and once we know what it is，we can try to do it ourselves.how is it done? here are several skills that good talkers have.if you follow the skills，theyll help you put people at their ease，and make friends with them quickly.first of all，good talkers ask questions.almost anyone，no matter how shy he is，will answer a question.one wellknown businesswoman says，“at business lunches，i always ask people what they did that morning.its a common question，but it will get things going.” from there you can move on to other matterssometimes to really personal questions.and how he answers will let you know how far you can go.second，once good talkers have asked questions，they listen to the answers.this point seems clear，but it isnt.your questions should have a point and help to tell what sort of person you are talking to.and to find out，you really have to listen carefully and attentively.real listening at least means some things.first it means not to change the subject of conversation.if someone sticks to one topic，you can take it as a fact that hes really interested in it.real listening also means not just listening to words，but to tones of voice.if the voice sounds dull，then，its time for you to change the subject.finally，good talkers know well how to deal with the occasion of parting.if youre saying goodbye，you may give him a firm handshake and say，“ive really enjoyed meeting you.” if you want to see that person again，dont keep it a secret.let people know what you feel，and they may walk away feeling as if theyve known you half their life.31asking questions might be a quite good and suitable way _.afor you to make more and more new friendsbto begin your business talkscto get the conversation going smoothlydfor you to make a deep and lasting impression on others32after having asked somebody a question，itll be polite of you to _.amake clear what kind of person he isblisten to his reply attentivelycwait quietly and patiently for his answerdgo on asking him more questions33generally speaking，good talkers are people who _.aare good at making any topic interestingbnever talk too much or too littlecalways speak in a gentle waydknow how and when they should change the topic of the talk34if you really take delight in meeting someone again，_.ayou may take him as your lifelong trustworthy friendbit seems necessary for you to let him know itcits proper for you to give him a second handshakeditll be helpful for you to have further understanding of him35whats the main idea of the passage?ahow to make people comfortable.bhow to be a good talker.chow to make people at ease by talking.dhow to find suitable topics to talk.31c推理判断题。从第三段倒数第二句“from there you can move on to other matterssometimes to really personal questions.”可知问问题可以使谈话自然进行下去，故答案为c项。32b 细节理解题。从第四段最后一句“and to find out，you really have to listen carefully and attentively.”可知b项正确。33d细节理解题。从第五段最后两句“real listening also means not just listening to words，but to tones of voice.if the voice sounds dull，then，its time for you to change the subject.”可知d项正确。34b细节理解题。从最后一段第三句“if you want to see that person again，dont keep it a secret.”可知b项正确。35c 主旨大意题。本文是说明文，第一、第二两段是主题段。归纳可知答案为c项。维a2 阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)选材相似度：设题相似度：难度系数：researchers from france and italy discovered that canadian parents are less strict with their children than mothers and fathers in france and italy.“our most important finding was the difference between canadians and the others，” said professor michel claes，the lead author of the study.“canadians focus on independence and negotiation.on the other hand，italians，for example，exercise more control.we found canadians seem to focus on negotiation in case of a conflict.” claes said canada，france and italy were selected for the study because they share important cultural and social factors.“we chose frenchcanadians because they share the same language as france，and originally came from france and share certain values.italy was included because it was considered to have similar，strong and important family values，” he explained.the researchers examined the emotional ties between parents and their children by questioning 1,256 students aged 11 to 19 years old.canadian students reported less control and more free actions，according to the study.italian parents were stricter and french parents were somewhere in the middle.claes explains that the differences lie in education in canada，france and italy.“north america has its own educational values，which promote individualization.tolerance and comprehension are encouraged.italy，on the other hand，promotes respect of authority，control，and the need for permission，” he said.children from all three countries described their mothers as warm and communicative.italian and canadian children had similar feelings about their fathers，and reported high levels of emotional ties.but french fathers were generally thought by their children to be more distant and cold.“we were surprised by this，” claes admitted.“it seems as though the relationships between french mothers and their children were becoming closer over time，while fathers maintain a form of distance and coldness，which is more of a source of conflict in france than in the other countries.”note：individualization n个性化【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。一项调查显示：加拿大的父母们比法国和意大利的父母们更加和蔼、民主、宽容。1professor michel claes believes that canada，france and italy _.ahave the same family spiritbhave some similar cult