高考英语二轮专题总复习 精选综合能力专练 阅读理解7.doc

2013届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：阅读理解7people diet to look more attractive. fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. that is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of australian scientists.the research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “in studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female ，had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group, ”explains marian wong. “all other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 510% smaller than its next largest competitor. we wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”the reason for the size difference was easy to see. once a subordinate fish grows to within 5 10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. more often than not, the_evicted_fish_is then eaten up.it appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. the research team decided to do an experiment. they tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. to their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.the discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small.while the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, dr.wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.the research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “as yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，” the researchers comment. “data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve longterm health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females own ideal.”语篇解读人们节食是为了更有魅力。令鱼类专家们惊奇的是有种鱼也要节食。实验发现它们节食可不是为了美，而是为了自我保护。如果身体大小吸引到竞争者的注意，会有被殴打、驱逐，最后被吃掉的危险。5when a goby grows to within 510% of the size of its larger competitor, it_.a. faces danger b. has breeding rightsc. eats its competitor d. leaves the group itself解析推理判断题。从第三段可得知如果身体大小超过权威的规定范围，会有被殴打、驱逐最后被吃掉的危险。答案a6the underlined words “the evicted fish” in paragraph 3 refer to _.a. the fish beaten up b. the fish found outc. the fish fattened up d. the fish driven away解析猜测词义题。从本段前文可知，体积超标的鱼会被赶出鱼群。接着说到，不仅如此，这些鱼往往会被吃掉。这些鱼一定是指被驱逐的鱼。答案d7the experiment showed that the smaller fish_.a. fought over a feast b. went on diet willinglyc. preferred some extra food d. challenged the boss fish解析事实细节题。从第四段中的试验可得知这些鱼是自愿节食。答案b8what is the text mainly about?a. fish dieting and human dieting.b. dieting and health.c. human dieting.d. fish dieting.解析主旨大意题。文章通篇都是围绕鱼的节食来叙述。故选d。答案dfind which direction is southdo you have a good sense of direction? if not, please take with you a compass. but if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way.it s never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted(委托) with the job of mapreading actually knows where the family is. you can tell by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. never mind. the sun is shining and it s still morning. if you dont know the exact time, you can still find out where south is, but youll need to be patient.find a straight stick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow.try to position the stick as vertically(垂直) as you can.you can check this by making a simple plumb line (铅锤线)with a piece of string and weight. you haven t got any string？ok, use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight.mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick.wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again.keep doing this until you have made several marks.the mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow, which is cast at midday, when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south.pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick.that point is south of where you are.now you can turn the map, like you did before, and find which way you should be travelling.语篇解读你有好的方向感吗？如果没有，那就要带上指南针。如果没带指南针呢？你仍然可以用其他方法找到方向，本文就是教你如何找到方向的。1to find the direction, we ought to be patient probably because_.a. it is not easy to find a proper stickb. it is not easy to position the stickc. it takes hours to make the marksd. it takes about half an hour to make the marks解析推理判断题。依据文章中的可以看出，做阴影的标记最费时间，所以要耐心。答案c2the passage would probably be most helpful to_.a. those who draw mapsb. those who get lostc. those who make compassesd. those who do experiments解析推理判断题。依据文章第二段，“我们发现地图上的标记跟身边的不一致”，可以知道这是迷路时的现象，所以答案为b。答案b3which of the following pictures best shows the way of finding the direction of south?解析依据文章中的叙述，可知：离树棍最近的那条线代表的阴影最短，证明当时太阳在天空最高，指向的就是最南方，对应的正好是a。答案a4the author presents this passage by_.a. telling an interesting storyb. describing an activity in a lively wayc. testing an idea by reasoningd. introducing a practical method解析细节理解题。本文介绍的这种方法切实可行，所以作者是通过讲述一个很实用的方法来阐述这篇文章的。答案da strange thing happened to henry yesterday. he was on a bus and to _1_. so he stood up and rang the bell. _2_ make sure the driver heard him, he rang it twice, but the bus _3_ stop. and the conductor came and shouted _4_ him.the conductor was _5_ angry and spoke _6_ fast that henry didnt understand _7_. the bus stopped at the next bus and henry got off. as he got off he heard someone said, “ i think he _8_ a foreigner.”when henry got _9_, he told his wife about it.“ _10_ times did you ring the bell?” his wife asked.“ twice,” said henry.“ well, thats the signal (信号) _11_ the driver _12_ on.” his wife explained, “only the conductor _13_ to ring the bell twice. thats why the conductor _14_ so angry!”henry nodded（点头）. “ _15_,” he said.1. a. got off b. gets off c. get off d. get on2. a.to b. at c. in d. with3. a. doesnt b. dont c. didnt d. wasnt4. a. in b. on c. of d. at5. a. so b. as c. at d. because6. a. so that b. that c. so d. why7. a. words b. a word c. speech d. song8. a. was b. isnt c. is d. am9. a. to home b. at home c. in home d. home10. a. how many b. how much c. how long d. how 11. a.