短文改错专题讲座.doc

短文改错专题讲座一大纲解读 考试大纲中明确指出，高考英语命题的指导思想是有利于中学素质教育的推进，有利于高校选拔人才，训练学生的综合语言运用能力，以提高学生的实际语言知识的命题原则是：保证知识覆盖面，尽可能增加综合性和语境化的因素，而在语言运用方面，考纲的要求是：语言必须放在实际的，并尽可能不同的情景中运用;语言必须适合具体的交际行为，而高考考查的焦点在于能否达到交际目的。语言交际行为除了以语言能力为主外，还需一些交际能力。沟通能力以及其他能力。以上的命题原则和要求，在短文改错题型中均有体现。从近几年的高考试题中，我们可以看到，短文改错的题型结构相对稳定，考查目标明确，几乎涉及到了中学英语中全部的基础知识。 辽宁安徽山东广东 湖北四川名词 1 1 1冠词 1 1 1 1 1连词和逻辑 2 2 2 1介词 1 2 2 2 1副词和形容词 2 1 2 3 1代词 1 1 1 3 1时态 1 1 1语态 1 2 1 1谓语与非谓语 1 2 2主谓一致 1 1 1二短文改错的体裁和题材三短文改错的错误设置类型四命题原则特点 常考的短文改错的错误主要是以下几个方面：一是语法方面，主要测试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短语动词；名词.代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词.冠词.介词；主谓一致；简单句.并列句和复合句，以及倒装.省略句等。 二是在行文逻辑方面，主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词，句子的并列.递进.转折.因果关系；时间的先后顺序等 .五命题最新趋向 1.命题难度趋于稳定，近几年的短文改错题的难度系数基本控制在0.55左右。且短文内容符合中学生的生活实际。2.考查知识面越来越广。3.考查知识点越来越侧重实词，如名词，动词 ,形容词和副词。4.文章中的复合句越来越多。5.越来越注重考查 考生对文章的总体把握，如时态前后应一致，人称代词前后一致，主谓一致等。6.体裁衣记叙文为主，词数120左右，句数在8-10句之间，几乎都有一个长达20多词的长句子需要考生判断。六Steps of proof readingStep 1.Step2Step3Step4七.common mistakes appearing in the passage1.An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784 . 2. I gained so much confidence that I went back to school as new person .3.With coming of spring, grass and trees turn green . 4. When a child is five in England or Wales, his parents must send him to the school .5 After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened 6.2000）suddenly ， I caught a sight of my english teacher in the crowd.7. 2001)we may be one family and live under a same roof.8.03) my teacher advised me to keep my diary. A.1.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests .2.Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class .3 On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful .4 They have all sorts of course . 5 They did not want me to do any work at family .B.1 I just smiled to me and thought , “What can I do ?”2. Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves .3. I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me .4.I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon .C:1. But then there is always more mysteries to look into.2 Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library . 3 Bill was standing at the side of the car ,talking to two men who was helping him to repair it .D:1.We had guests last night who have not stayed in a hotel before . 2 With the coming of spring , grass and tree turn green ,and flowers grew in many colours .3 When our six children were young ,suppertime is always being interrupted .4Growing up is not easy. Sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on .5 The bike outside my house is belonged to Tom .E:1.The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down.2 I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person .3How about join us?4They wanted one child or another to come out and played.5.play football not only makes us tall and strong.6. I was often a little tired after days work and watch TV demands very little effort.7. my parents will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.F.1) They came back lately and had some tea .2. The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make the balloon light.(3) The new person on the job feels fairly better after he or she has played tennis with other people in the office.4. the sport teaches us the important of obedience.5.whenever I see them, I often think of my English teacher.G:(1)I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.2 He and she should make the class very active by joking with the students .3 30 percent of girls would like to become teachers when only 5 percent of boys want to do this job.H: (1)Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.(2)When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay his food .J.1. Last summer ,I went to Beijing, my first time trip to the city. (2)Two years later, he returned back home.(3)It is about 200 miles far away from London.( 4)Many students feel it that a popular teacher must be kind and easy-going.1.冠词的多用、少用和误用 2.名词单复数的误用及近义词的混用 3.代词指代不一致的错误或代词使用不当4.主谓不一致的错误 5.动词的时态和语态的误用 6.非谓语动词的误用 7.形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用 8关联词和平行结构的误用9.固定搭配，习惯用法与介词的误用 10.冗词的多用临场应试技巧 : 做短文改错时只要记住“三歩”，“六原则和“四不改”就能提高得分率。三步：1. 通读全文，掌握大意 .2. 逐句推敲，审查，改正错误 .3. 复读全文，修订答案 .六原则：1.在有错行改动一词。2.改变实词形式，不能将一个实词换成另一个