高考英语一轮复习 Unit4《Earthquakes》精品学案 新人教版必修1.doc

2013版英语一轮精品复习学案：unit4earthquakes（新人教版必修1）【高考新动向】【考纲全景透析】【重点单词】1.burst vt.&vi.（使）爆裂；（使）裂开；（使）炸开；突然出现；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发 the excellent performance of chinese competitors at the 29th beijing olympic games caused bursts of applause.在第29届北京奥运会上，中国队队员的精彩表现赢得了阵阵掌声。 she was bursting to tell him the good news.她急不可待要把好消息告诉他。 the boy burst into tears on seeing the big dog.看到这条大狗后，男孩突然大哭起来。2 ruin n.u毁灭，崩溃；毁坏；c（pl.） 废墟、遗迹 v.（使）破产，（使）堕落，毁灭 the bank atepped in to save the company from financial ruin.银行的介入使这家公司免于经济崩溃。 my new shoes got ruined in the mud.我的新鞋被泥浆给糟蹋了。 that one mistake ruined his chance of getting the job.正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。3 injure vt.损害，伤害 one of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off .一个队员膝盖受伤，不得不被抬至场外。 this could seriously injure the companys reputation.这会严重损害公司的声誉 dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损害眼睛。4. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救典例 1). the police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。2). the rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. 营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。3). michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。重点用法rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把.从营救出来come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员【即境活用】用rescue的适当形式填空1). the mother, along with her two children, _from the sinking boat by a passing ship.2). the firemen _ five children from the burning house yesterday. 答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued5.bury vt. 埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刻入6. judge v. 断定；判断；判决 n. 裁判员；法官；评判员【重点短语】1. right away 立刻，马上2. at an end 结束，终止（常作表语）。be patient, his speech will be at an end soon. 要耐心，他的演讲很快就结束【拓展延伸】come to an end结束（用作谓语）；draw to an end 接近尾声；bringto an end /put an end to 使终止；at the end of 在-尽头（末）（指时间和空间）；by the end of 到-末为止（与过去完成时连用）；in the end 最后，终于； make ends meet 收支相抵the match came to an end at midnight. 比赛进行至深夜才结束。i wonder how i can bring their dispute to an end. 我不知如何才能使他们终止纷争【即境活用】the un is to_an end to the dispute(争端)between the two countries. im sure the issue will_an end soon.a. come; put b. come to ; bring c. put; come d. bring; come to【答案】d 考查end用作名词短语搭配。bring an end to sth. 使-结束，常用作及物动词；come to an end 结束，常用作谓语动词3. a (great) number of 许多的，大量的 a number of problems have arisen.已经出现了一些问题。 we have had an enormous amount of help from people.我们得到了人们的大力帮助。 they spent a great deal of money on this project.他们在这个项目上花了大量的钱【重点句型】1. it seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！ it seems that they know what theyre doing.看来，他们知道自己在干什么。 it always seemed as if they would get married.他们一直仿佛是要结婚似的。 iseem to have left my book at home .我大概把书忘在家里了。2. all hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。all the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的学生都知道如何解决个问题。i dont know all of them. 我并不认识他们所有的人。表示“全体”意义的代词、副词或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副词not连用时表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：everyone doesnt like the story. = not everyone likes the story. 并非每个人都喜欢这个故事。nobody likes the story. 没人喜欢这个故事。both of the students dont like the story. 并非这两个学生这个故事。neither of the students likes the story. 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。【即境活用】中译英1). 并非这两个学生这个故事。_2). 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。_答案:1). both of the students dont like the story.2). neither of the students likes the story.【热点难点全析】the attributive clause (1)由that, which, who, whose关系代词引导的定语从句用法简述如下。1、that指人亦可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，宾语可以省略；the girl that was crying just now is my best friend.刚才哭的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。2、which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，宾语可以省略；china is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。3、who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，宾语可以省略；the man who was here yesterday is a painter.昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。（who作主语）the man who i saw is called smith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。（who作宾语，亦可省略）4、whose是属格，指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语 i live in a room(,) (whose windows) =(the windows of which)face south.我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。【点拨】辨析 that, which； who ,that 相同点：都可以指物不同点：如下1、在下列情况下只能用that而不能用which引导定语从句（1）当先行词是不定代词是不定代词all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。（2）当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very, the few, the only修饰时。（3）当先行词被all, little, much, some, any, no, every等词修饰时（4）当先行词由表示人和物的两个并列的名词构成时。（5）当主句是以which或who特殊疑问句时。（6）当引导词在从句中作表语时2、在下列情况下只能用which而不能用that引导定语从句（1）介词后；（2）非限定性定语从句。相同点：都可以指人，在句中作主语不同点：如下 指人时，在下列情况下一般选用who：（1）当先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody等不定代词时。例如：the one who knows me well is tom.非常了解我的那个人是汤姆。（2）在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词代指人。如：a new master will come tomorrow who will teach you german.有位新老师明天来教你们德语（3）先行词为there be 结构的主语时例如：there is a man who wants to see you.有个人想见你【典型例题】1、we live in an agemore information is available with greater ease than ever before.a. whyb. whenc. to whomd. on which【考点】定语从句 【答案】b【解析】when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。2、after the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.a. which b. who c. where d. what【考点】定语从句关系代词【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选b项。【举一反三】由who引导的定语从句关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：a teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.教师是传授知识的人。（关系代词在从句中作主语）the man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。（关系代词who在从句中作主语）3. many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.a. their b. whosec. of them d. with whom【解析】选b本题考察定语从句的用法,属于较容易题.明显表达为”他们的父母”4. i was born in new orleans, louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.a. which b. of which c. that d. whose【解析】选d考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语，意思为这个城市的名字。5. theyve won their last three matches. _i find a bit surprising a. that b. when c. what d. which 【解析】选d考查非限定性定语从句关系词的辨析。此处意思是“我发现他们已经赢得了最后的三场比赛，这一点令人有点吃惊”，which代替上句“theyve won their last three matches”做find的宾语，选d。a项不能用于非限制性定语从句中，b,c此处没有他们的意思。【语法专练】1. the factory produces 10 thousand trunks every year, half _are sold abroad.a.which of b.of which c.of them d.of that2. you might search on the internet for comments or news stories about this school _ may interest you.a. where b. / c. that d. what3.but health minister stephen robertson, _ department devised the kit, said youth suicide was a serious issue世纪金榜aof which bwhose cwhichdhis世纪金榜4. she brought with her three friends, none of _ i had ever met before. a. them b. who c. whom d. these世纪金榜5. chinas population is expected to increase to about 1. 5 billion in 2040, after _ it will start to decline slowly. a. where b. which c. when d. that6. the niagara waterfalls, _ is shaped like a semicircle, are 670meters wide, and fall 56 meters in an awesome white sheet of water.a. what b. where c. the largest of which d. in which7. she is the only one among the _ writers who _ stories for children. a. woman, writesb. women, write c. women, writes d. woman, write8. is this skirt _ she likes best?a. that b. which c. one d. the one答案：15 bcbcb 68 ccd【高考零距离】1、（2012四川卷13）in our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.a. in whom b. in them c. of whom d. of them13.【解析】选c 本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选c。2、（2012陕西卷14） it is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.a. that b. wherec.whichd. what【解析】选c 考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选c。其余选项与题干不符。3、（2012北京卷26）. when deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. a. that b. which c. where d. when 26. b。非限制性定语从句，which作表语。4.（2011四川卷 t 17）the school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.a. which b. whose c. when d. where【解析】选b。考查定语从句。句意为：这个学校商店顾客多是学生，因为假期关门停业了。whose引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明商店的情况，在从句中whose作定语修饰名词customers。故选b。5.（2011全国卷i t31）the prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.athat bwhich cwhose dwhat【解析】选c。考查定语从句。句意：这个奖项会给作品最富有想象的那位作家。此处whose story shows the most imagination是限制性定语从句修饰前面的the writer。因为定语从句中需要定语修饰story，又根据先行词可知选c。6.（2011山东卷t32）the old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other. a. theyb. wherec. what d. that 【解析】选d。考查定语从句。句意为：这座古镇有狭窄的街道和紧密地比邻而建的小房子。that在句中用于引导定语从句，修饰small houses, 此处的that也可换成which. where在定语从句中充当状语，而what用来引导名词性从句。而they不能用做定语从句的连接词。7.（2010北京卷t27）children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. a. what b. whose c. which d. that 【解析】选b本题考查定语从句关系词的选择。不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此只能在考虑填关系副词。a中的what不能引导定语从句。选b. whose谁的，符合题意。8.（2010安徽卷t29）the engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest. a. wherever b. whenever c. even if d. as if【解析】选c.本题考查状语从句连词辨析。句意为“工程师们非常繁忙，即使（even if）有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。”9. （2009陕西卷t11） gun control is a subject americans have argued for a long time. a. of which b. with which c. about which d. into which 【解析】选c考查定语从句，先行词是gun control，指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，选c。10. （2009全国卷iit17）my friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. a. which b. that c. where d. it 【解析】选a 考查非限制性定语从句(这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。【考点提升训练】一、 听力（略）二、 单项选择21. 【2012届保定市高三第一次模拟】30. his friends suggest that he should take any job he can get and shouldnt_and choose.a. pick b. take c. start d. mind22. 【2012届保定市高三第一次模拟】24.一do you think the weather will be all right this golden week? 一no，_were lucky，it is reported that there will be sandstorms anyway.a. if b. though c. unless d. as23. do you think john is coming to attend mr. lees lecture? sure, i have _him to. a. promised b. suggestedc. demanded d. persuaded24i found him sitting in his chair，completely a magazineaabsorbing bbeing absorbed incabsorbed in dabsorbing in25in the dark street，there wasnt a single person she could turn for help athat bwho cto whom dfrom whom26. on july 5, violent crimes of beating, looting and burning in urumqi of xinjiang broke out, _ 156 innocent people and with more than 1080 _.a. killed; injured b. killing; injuredc. killed; injuringd. killing; injuring27.he gave us another piece of advice, _ of great help to the research work. a. which i think is b. which i think it isc. i think which is d. i think it is28unfortunately, the storm _ the crops, destroying the hope of farmers.a. damaged b. ruined c. benefited d. hurt29 why are you so excited，john? beijing guoan won its first chinese super league crown after beating hangzhou lucheng 4-0 on october 31, 2009, which we _forward to.a. have been looking b. had been looking c. looked d. had looked30 the nurse found a little boy in the corner of the room, _ and crying.a. frightened b. frightening 世纪金榜c. being frightened d. having frightened世纪31 the yellow house _ windows face south is the place _ i spent my childhood. a. whose, that b. whose, where 世纪金榜c. which, where d. where, which榜32_ the students in our class is 50 and _ them study hard. a. the number of, the number of b. a number of, the number ofc. the number of, a number of d. a number of, a number of33. eighty percent of the people trapped in the ruins_ at last.a. were dug out b.has dug out c. was dug out d. have dug out34he works in a company now. he _ for 25 years in a factory. a. worked b. had worked c. has worked d. works.35.-im traveling to taiwan tomorrow. would you tell me about your experiences there? -_. lets discuss it over lunch.a. in no case b. thats all right c. that depends d. by all means三、 完形填空i shall never forget the day when the earthquake took place. it was about 5 oclock in the afternoon and i was 36 to my daughters school. our plan was to go 37 together. id stopped at a 38 to get some fresh fruit. we like to have some fruit to eat 39 our swim. i was driving along a high road on the way. 40 my road was another road which was built like a 41 . i was hungry so i put the bag of apples 42 me and started to eat one. 43 i saw the cars in front of me start to 44 from side to side. then my car started to shake! i didnt know what was happening. perhaps something had 45 wrong with my car. i drove a little more slowly and then i 46 the car and at the same moment the road 47 onto the cars in front of me. i found myself in the _48 . i couldnt move. my legs and feet were hurting badly and i couldnt move them. all round me was 49 . but above me i could hear shouts and a lot of noise. then i memorized what had happened. i had been 50 an earthquake. for about two hours nobody came. luckily i could reach the bag of 51 , so at least i had plenty to eat. then i heard people 52 towards me. a team of people had come to 53 if anyone was under the 54 road. i called out, “im here!” i heard a shout. soon a stranger climbed to my car. “how are you 55 ?”he asked. “not too bad,” i said. they didnt get me out until the next morning. 36. a. driving b. leadingc. walking d. running37. a. shopping b. dancing c. swimming d. sightseeing38. a. farmb. shop c. park d. school39. a. after b. during c. since d. once40. a. under b. along c. over d. beside41. a. bridge b. roof c. cover d. top42. a. under b. along c. inside d. beside43. a. finally b. actually c. suddenly d. slowly44. a. move b. roll c. burst d. jump45. a. been b. broken c. gone d. done46. a. parked b. started c. moved d. stopped47. a. put b. ran c. fell d. jumped48. a. dark b. afternoon c. sun d. car49. a. noisy b. dusty c. quiet d. blood50. a. on b. at c. by d. in51. a. food b. sandwiches c. apples d. bread52. a. climbing b. shouting c. moving d. driving53. a. know b. tell c. understand d. see54. a. falling b. broken c. breaking d. dirty55. a. sleeping b. feeling c. eating d. going四、 阅读理解aeverybody likes a winner， and there are always people ready to cheer for a good winner. but who has ever heard a song for the man who comes in second？ so this is in praise of the almost winner， the nearly champion(冠军)， the next to the biggest， the second best. this is the song of mister two. you hear unflattering(不讨好人的) names for mister two. “alsoran”， they call him， and “runnerup”， names that make you think of a fellow who couldnt quite make it. dont let that fool you. ask the winner of any race how good a man mister two is. he will tell you its mister two who made him run so fast， mister two is always threatening to overtake and pass him. ask the salesman who won the contest and what kept him looking for extra order. ask the directors of the big company why they keep changing their product， seeking the new equipment， the added advantage. what drives them？ what keeps them going？ its the salesman with nearly as many orders. it is the company with the product almost as good. its mister two. in this country， were proud of the quality of our champions. our big men come very big. our fast men run very fast. our wise men are the wisest and our greatest men are the greatest that a country could hope to be blessed with. and why is that？ it is mister two that makes the race always open and everybody can run. so this is for you， mister two. this is your song. this is for all the days you tried for first， and came in second. its for the nights when you wonder if you ought to go on trying， since nobody seems to notice. . . we notice， mister two. we know the score. winner or not， youre a natural champion. there couldnt be a race without you， mister two. 56. people usually call mister two unflattering names tohim. a. praise b. encourage c. laugh at d. respect57. according to the author， mister two is mentioned in connection with the following except. a. business b. sports c. greatness d. failure58. it is implied in this story that. a. mister two is as important as the winnerb. every leader needs someone to help himc. the second today must be the first tomorrowd. second place is always praised59. the person who wins needs to understand that. a. winning is everythingb. being mister two is wonderfulc. without mister two he would do betterd. without strong competition he wouldnt have worked so hardbjust put your special clothes on in the morning and you could jump 3 meters into the air and even carry more than 60 kilograms without getting tired. the walk to s