2012高考英语总复习 经典易错题会诊与试题预测 第二部.doc

上传时间：2012-2-21版本版别：不分版本 | 类别主题：试题 | 复习年级科目：英语 | 高三所属地区：上传：第二教育网第二部分 单项填空考点1 冠 词 和 名 词名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用名词的可数和不可数名词作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和部分物质名词、抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法名词作直接定语与名词所有格作定语的区别名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别冠词在固定短语中的有无问题经典易错题会诊命题角度1 名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用1.(典型例题) The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has all over the country.A. companies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses 考场错解 A或D 专家把脉 本题考查名词的意义和用法。company“公司”，organization“组织”，business“买卖，商业”，branchd(地方办事处或分支机构”。根据题意“这家银行的总部在北京，但在全国各地都有分支结构”，因此选B. 对症下药 B2.(典型例题) Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within of little children.A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance 考场错解 A或D 专家把脉 考生所熟悉的是课本上out of(ones)reach的说法。根据语境不难看出这是一个祈使句，这里习惯表达还可以是beyondwithin(ones)reach，意思是“手不能及”。错误的根源在于考生只是记住其中的一种搭配，而语言是灵活的，多变的。 对症下药 B3.(典型例题) The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.A. length B. distance C. way D. space 考场错解 A或D 专家把脉 名词按意义可划分为普通名词和专有名词。这道题主要是要辨清四个名词的具体含义。length长度；distance距离；way道路，方法；space空间，太空。结构“a distance of + 数字”来表示“有的距离”。 对症下药 B4.(典型例题)In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the in personality.A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict 考场错解 B 专家把脉 拼写相似或意义相近的名词是最容易造成错误的选择。四个名词的意义分别是:contact接触，联系，交际；contrast对比，对照；connection联系，关系；conflict争论，冲突，抵触，斗争。从句意来看应该选D项。 对症下药 D再如：(典型例题)Chinese arts have won the of a Lot of people outside China.A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation 对症下药 B 指赢得了别人的欣赏。5.(典型例题) He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others.A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character考场错解 A或C 专家把脉 本题考查意义相近名词的用法。temoper脾气；appearace外貌，仪表;slent天才，才能；character品性，性格，品度。根据句意应该是指和别人共同工作时的性格，因此填Characler. 对症下药 D专家会诊 1.英语中专有名词是指个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等所有的名称，如Asiathe Nile，China，THE Great Wall.普通名词(一般可为数)，表示一类的人或物的个体，如:car ，book，student等;集体名词(一般为不可数)，表示一群人或一类物的集合体，如jewelry，class，majority等;抽象名词(一般为不可数)，表示品质、行为、状态、感情或其他抽象 概念如 danger，anger，friendship，encouragement等；物质名词(一般为不可数)，表示无法分为个体的实物，如salt，water，coffee，silk等。2.名词词组一般由一个中心名词来构成，如：the World Cup，a woman teacher，thje blind 等。也可台是“限定词+前置修饰词中心词+后置修饰语”来构成，如：a four milestrip 或a four-mile trip，a son in-law 等。考场思维调练1 Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at _ A. Gate 21 B. 21st Gate C. the Gate 21 D. 21 Gate答案: A解析:Gate 21指21号门，也可说the 21st Gate.2 Hi, this way, please. OK. I sometimes have no sense of when I arrive at the cross road. A. position B. direction C. situation D. condition答案: B解析:词义辨析。direction方向；position位置；situation形势；condition条件。3 Now I come here at the _ of Mr. Smith to assist him finishing the work. A. require B. remark C. demand D.request答案: D解析:at the request of sb.或at sbs request是固定 短语，“应某人的请求”。4 She waited in for her mothers letter. A.anxious B. anxiety C.anxiously D. antique答案: B解析:短语in axiety表示“处于一种焦虑的状态或情态。” 5 There were some flowers on the table.A. artitlcial B. unnatural C. false D. unreal.答案: A解析:强调不是天然生长的，而是“人工的、人 造的。”命题角度2 名词的可数和不可数 1.(典型例题)The young dancers looked so channing in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them.A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large number of 考场错解 A 专家把脉 many可以直接修饰可数名词复数形式，而manyof后常有the来表示部分，这是错误的原因。number of才表示“大量、很多”，选项D常用来修饰不可数名词，而水ctures是可数名词。masses of是非正式用语，后可接可数名词。 对症下药 B2.(经典题)He gained his _ by printing of famous writers.A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works 考场错解 A 专家把脉 wealth出(财富)是不可数名词，没有复数。work当“工作”讲时，是不可数名词；但当“著作”讲时，是可数名词，在此句中要用复数形式。3.(辽宁)I have done much of the work. Could you please finish in two days?A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others 考场错解 B或D专家把握 根据语境要取代的是前文的不可数名词 work当“工作”讲时，是不可数名词；但当“著作”讲时，是可数名词，在此句中要用复数形式。对症下药 A专家会诊 1.有些名词一词多义，同一个名词表示这个意义时是可数(表示个体事物)，表示另一个意义时是不可数(表示抽象概念)。如：experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词，作“经历”讲时是可数名词。2.有些名词用作可数名词时，表示个体的人或物，而用作不可数名词时，则表示 一类的人或物集合体。例如:My grandfathers hair is grey.(泛指头发)She has got grey hairs.(指一根根头发)这些名词的单复数形式有不同的含义，再如:water 水， waters 水域;danger危险，a danger 一个危险人物。Advice (劝告)，advices(消息);arm(手臂)，arms(军火);cloth(布)，clothes(衣服);custom(习惯)，customs(海关)等。考场思维训练1 Four _ are visiting our school now. two of them are .A. Russians; policemen B. Russians; policeman C. Russian man; policemen D. Russian; policemen答案: A解析:考查名词的复数形式。Russian的复数形式是Russians。2 You know I have no _ for foreign languages. A. knowledges B. gift C. character D. characters答案: B解析:make sense of sth.是固定搭配，意为“弄懂，搞清楚”。3 Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make for our new students.A. place B. area C. room D. space答案: C解析:这里room用作不可数名词，表示“空间”。命题角度3 名作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法1.(经典题)Your fluency in Chinese gives you an advantage _ the other candidates for the job.A. for B. with C. than D. over 考场错解 C 专家把脉 此题看上去是介词或连词的选择，实际是对名词advantage用法的考查。如果单纯从汉语思维角度来理解，很可能认为“比别人怎么样”用than，实际上短语have an advantage over 是“比具有优势”的意思，是固定搭配。 对症下药 D2.(典型例题)He got to the station early, missing his train.A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of 考场错解 A 专家把脉 容易混淆的是选项A和C.短语in case of是“万一，一旦出现情况”。instead of是“代替，而不”。in search of是“寻找、搜寻”，都不符合题意。for fear of是“担心、害怕、为免于某种情况出现”的意思，最符合语境。 对症下药 C3.(经典题) Weve missed the bus. Im afraid we have no but to take a taxi.A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection 考场错解 A 专家把脉 汉语习惯会理解成没有办法了，所以有可能错选A。这里是固定短语have no choice but to do something，意思是“除了做别无选择”。对症下药 B4.(典型例题) The classroom is big enough , but well have to move if we have more students.A. for the moment B. on the moment C. in a moment D. for a moment 考场错解 C 专家把脉 本题考查短语的意义和用法。For the moment目前，暂时;in a moment马上，立刻;for a moment 片刻，一会儿。根据题意，应该填for the moment. 对症下药 A专家会诊 1.作直接定语的中词一般是表示 时间、地点、材料和类别的名词。如:summer school ,streer lights,paper money,coffee cup,women doctors.当名词作直接定语时应该注意以下几个问题。(1)名词作直接定语时一般 用单数，例如:a book srore ,a traffic light,a ticket office,a bus driver ,aboy friend,它们的复数形式分别是 book stores,traffic lights,ticket offices,bus drivers,boy friends.但是man ,woman作定语时，要与所修饰的名词汇的数保持一致。例如: a man teacher ,这绵复数形式是men teachers.(2)某些常有用复数形工的名词作直接定语旱也用复数。例如:a goods train,a cloths shop,a sales department,a sports field,a news reporter等(3)名词固定短语常有出现在英语考试试题如单选、完形填空、单词拼写和短文改错中。尤其是一些动宾关系的固定搭配。在复习中要注意积累。例如:You can take as many as you like because they are free of .A.charge B.fare C.money D.pay 此题的答案选 A.be free of charge 是固定用法，意思是“免费”。 考场思维训练1 Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give out _ oxygen to ns.A. in case B. in turn C. in return D. in addition答案: B解析:短语in turn是“反过来”的意思。2 His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any of it.A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. guess答案: C解析:make sense of sth.是固定搭配，意为“弄懂，搞 清楚”。3 The new students are making _ for the coming _ meeting.A. preparations; sports B. preparation; sport C. preparations; sport D. preparation; sports答案: A解析:短语make preparations for sth.to do sth中preparation常用复数形式，sprot作定语时也常用复数形式。命题角度4 冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和部分物质名词、抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法1 (典型例题 )After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ ride to _ _ Capital Airport.A. the; a B.a; the C./; a D./; the考场易错 D专家把脉 本题是考查冠词的基本用法。名词ride这里是表示“搭乘”的含义，是可数名词；后者是由普通名词，通常有定冠词。对症下药 B2.(典型例题): It is _ world of wonders,world where anything can happen.A.a; the B.a; a C. the; a D./; /考场错解 A专家把脉 一般来说，第二次出现的名词前用定冠词，所以会错选A但这里world都是泛指，根据语境“这是一个充满奇迹的世界，一个任何事情都可能发生的世界。”应该用不定冠词。对症下药 B3.(典型例题)The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in Industrial Revolution.A./;/ B. the;/ C. the; the D.a; the考场错解 D专家把脉 分清定名词在语境中是泛指还是特指是答题的关键。本题part意思是“作用”，特指工业革命时期所起的作用，是特指，普通名词构成的只有名词前用the. 对症下药 C4.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation.A. / B. the C. a D. one 考场错解 A 专家把脉 因为knowledge是不可数名词，所以很多考生会错选A.但这里knowledge前有修饰词修饰，从而抽象名词具体化，前面需加不定冠词。又如:He has a good knowledge of English. 对症下药 C5.I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _ city. I only remeber it was _ Monday.A. the;the B. a;the C. a;a D. the;a考场错解 A专家把脉 本题考查冠词的用法。Leave the ciry 离开了他所住的那座城市，是特指。星期前还常不用冠词，但本题中a mondqy 表示统指，表示某个星期一。对症下药 D专家会诊 1.不定冠词一般有any或one 的意思，但不强调数目概念，只用来指事物，说明其名称或种类。 (1) 泛指人、事、物的类别。例如: A plane is a machine than can fly .(泛指飞机) (2)泛指某人或某物。例如: Mary was a teacher in our school .(泛指教师) (3)表示one,every 或per的意义。例如: My father studies Japanese four hours a day .(相当于per) (4)在某些固定短语中。例如:A. have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look/quarrelB. have a cold, have a good time, keep a diary,in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, for a while,once up on a time, all of a sudden, tell a lie, do sb. a favor, at a mouthful, at a distance. 2.定冠词的习惯用法(1)用在姓氏复数形式前表示一家人。例如:The Greens are at table.(格林一家人)(2)用在年代、朝代、时代名词前。例如: the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, in the 2010s(3)用在作为课程或演奏等的乐器名称前。例如:注意: play the piano 和 have a piano(4)用在表示计量单位的名词前。例如: by the hour(按小时) ;by the dozen (论打); by the yard (按码)(5)用在方向名词和某些表示时间的名词前。例如: on the left/fight, in the east/west,in the evening, on the other hand, in the end,in the daytime 3.使用冠词的注意事项。 (1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、称呼语、头衔、职务、季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称、球类、棋类和表示泛指的名词前不用冠词。例如: Comrade Li was chairman of the meeting.Spring is the best season of the year.注意:如果月份或季节等被一个限制性定语修饰，要加冠词。例如:He joined the army in the spring of 典型例题 (2)在某些特别结构中不用冠词。例如: Child as he is, he knows right from wrong. (child前冠词省略)He entered the forest, gun in hand. (gun 和 hand 前冠词省略) (3)不同语境不同冠词的取舍。例如: A. by car, by bike, by train, 但take a bus, in a boat, on the bike. B. Chinese s French 但 the Chinese language. (4)注意有些短语没有冠词时在意义上的区别。sit at table 吃饭，sit at the table 坐在桌旁，be in charge of 负责，be in charge of 在掌管之下take place 发生，take the plac 代替in possession of 拥有，in the possession of 为所有in the sight of 看得见，in the sight of 据的见解in place of 代替，in place of 在的地方be of age成年，be of an age take advice 同龄take the advice 征求意见；take the advice 听从劝告out of question 不成问题，out of the question 根本不可能make beds 制作床，make the bed 整理床铺in the eyes of sb.在某人韵心目中，在某人看来考场思维训练1 He has _ great interest in history, especially in_ _ history of Tang Dynasty.A.a; the B.a; / C./; the D./; a答案: A解析:前者抽象名词interest具体化，表示泛指；后者则是特指“唐朝的历史”。2 Apples are usually sold by _ _ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by dozen.A. the; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a答案: C解析:前者by weight表示“以重量”；后者by the dozen表示“按打”。3 Xiamen is _ _ most beautiful coastal city and I believe I will come for scond time.A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the答案: A解析:前者a most beautiful相当于very；后者a second表示“又一次”。 4 After the 1980s, the west be came Godlike to many Chinese be cause of Westermerswealth, and freedom to do.A. ; B. the; the C. the; D. ; the答案: D解析:第一空系数形式表示西方人这一类别，不用冠词，第二空是特指做他们想做的事情这种自由。5 He likes music so much that I think it right to buy him _ MP3 as _ birthday Present.A. the;an;a B./;an;the C. ;an;a D. the;a;a答案: C解析:注意第二空M读音为元音。探究开放题预测预测角度 1 名词作直接定语与名词所有格作定语的区别1.The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicyclesshop解题思路 表示类别时用名词直接作定语还是用名词所有格作定语，要遵循英语习惯，这要靠平时的积累。例如:a peasant family(peasant习惯用名词直接作定语)农民家庭；a workers family(worker 习惯用名词所有格作定语)工人家庭。有些是可以并存的，但含义不同，例如:the woman teacher这位女教师 the womans teacher这位妇女的老师。the boyfnend男朋友；the boys friend这个男孩的朋友。 解答 B预测角度2 名词作定语和其同根的形容词作定语的区别2. When we are in France, China is an _ country. A. east B. easter C. eastward D. eastern 解题思路 east东方，东部；eastern country指东方国家。名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或功能，但其同根的形容词作定语主要用来说明所修饰的名词的性质、状态或特征。例如:a Wood shed木料棚(用来放木料的棚子)。Gold ring 金戒指(表示戒的内容)；golden sun 金色的太阳(表示太阳的特征)。解答 D预测角度3 冠词在固定短语中的有无问题3. I didnt expect that Tom would _ my failure to a chieve his own goal. A. make use of B. make the most of C. take advantage of D. take the advantage of解题思路 英语中有些短语中没有冠词，如选项A(利用)；有些须有定冠词，如选项B(最大程度的利用)，而短语takeadvantage。f(为了自己的利益而对某人或某事加以利用)是没有冠词的，需要在学习中注意积累。 解答 C考场思维训练1 This set of golf clubs was sent by _ .A. a friend of my father B. my fathers friend C. my father friends D. a friend of my fathers答案: D解析:双重所有格，“我父亲的一个朋友”。2 During the Spring Festival shops are usually decorated with paper chains, leaves of holly.A. color B. colored C. colorful D. coloring答案: C解析:colorful指色彩很多；colored指区别于无颜色而言。可以说color photosfilmsTV，但必须说colored pencils.3 Im afraid I dare not speak in _ public.But if you dont have _ _ try, how can you speak to _ public in the future?A. the; the; a B. the; a; the C./; a; the D. the; a; /答案: C解析:in public在公众场合下；have a try尝试；the public指公众(人们)。考点高分解题综合训练I.单项选择1 Mans first walk on the moon was a staring technological . A. success B. achievement C. succession D. accomplishment答案: B解析:success(指通过努力取得令人满意的)成就； achievement(不顾困难，连续努力所取得的)成就。2 Everyones application for the job must be sent in one week . A. beforehand B. ahead of time C. in advance D. as early as possible答案: C解析:in advance预先，含超前的意思；ahead of time 提前；beforehand预先，强调事前；选项D表示“尽早”的意思。3 When he was a student, his father gave him a monthly _ _ towards his expense. A. salary B. allowance C. wage D. money答案: B解析:allowance津贴。4 You have the _ _ of working hard and being successful or not working hard and being unsuccessful. A. selection B. choice C. alternative D. option答案: C解析:alternative指在两者之间的选择。5 Have you made out your for a passport? A. appointment B. application C. apposition D. appreciation答案: B解析:application申请。6 In some case, different approaches _ _ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.A. to B. in C. of D. for答案: A解析:the approach to.为固定搭配，意为“方法，途径”。7 They considered the plan in all its _ . A. appearances B. aspects C. prospect D. suspect答案: B解析:根据题意:他们考虑到问题的各个方面。8 Who is the authority _ to the subject?A. in B. of C. over D. on答案: D解析:固定搭配。9 Im in my _ that he is a good manager. A. behavior B. believe C. beloved D. belief答案: D解析:in ones belief相信某物某人。10 I had no choice but to receive part of my previous lecture those who had been absent from some classes. A. for the benefit of B. on purpose C. in return for D. on the pretext of答案: A解析:意思是“为了”。选项B，故意地；选项 C，作为的报答；选项D，以为借口。11 Now we can pick up _ _ weather information from _ new type of_ _ weather satellite. A. the; a; / B. /; the; the C./; a; / D./; a; a答案: C解析:information为不可数名词，不用冠词；后者表示泛指。12 More and more people choose in the supermarket, for they are especially interested in the _ of goods on offer. A. price B. variety C. value D. amount答案: B解析:svarietyof大量的。13 _ _ teacher of my grandmothers is coming the day after tomorrow. Im wondering how old _ woman she would be. A. The; a B.A; a C. A; the D. The; the答案: B解析:都表示泛指。14 Would you tike _ _ knife and folk, or would you rather use _ _ chopsticks, sir? A. the; the B. a; / C./; the D./; /答案: B解析:aknifeandfolk是吃西餐用的一套工具，而 chopsticks为复数形式的名词。15 The radiation of uranium was then regarded as secret of nature. A.a; the B.a; a C. the; the D. a; /答案: D解析:前者表示某种，泛指；nature大自然，不可数名词。16 Some of the passengers told the reporters about their_ _ in the burning train. A. details B. trips C. events D. experiences答案: D解析:这里experience是指“经历”，可数名词。17 It is _ _ great pleasure to go to _ _ cinema after a weeks hard work. A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the答案: A解析:前者抽象名词具体化，后者go to the cinema 是习惯说法。18 Thank you for sending us _ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us _ great service.A./;