2014年湖南中考英语大纲.doc

2014年湖南中考英语大纲一、 考试指导思想初中毕业英语学业考试是义务教育阶段英语学科的终结性考试。考试要体现基础教育课程改革的基本理念，落实英语课程标准确立的“促进学生综合语言运用能力的发展”的考试指导思想。考试要有利于全面贯彻国家教育方针，推进素质教育;有利于体现义务教育的性质，全面提高教育教学质量;有利于英语课程改革，提高英语教学质量, 培养学生勇于探究的创新精神和解决问题的实践能力，减轻学生过重的课业负担，促进学生生动、活泼、主动学习。本考试标准依据义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)(以下简称英语课程标准)制订。考试要体现语言工具性和人文性的双重属性，落实语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等五个方面课程目标，要依据英语课程标准和现行教材来确定考查内容与标准，着重考查学生听、说、读、写等四种英语语言技能的综合实践能力以及灵活运用语言知识的能力。在试卷设计上要遵循教育测量的基本原理，体现课程的评价原则，坚持以交际语言测试为主，分离测试、综合测试等多种测试并存，力求在语篇层次上，在尽可能真实的情境中，以互动的形式测试学生的综合语言运用能力;不仅要关注试卷信度，更要注重试卷的效度;在力求试卷结构简约的同时，确保考查内容的覆盖面，杜绝繁、偏、旧试题，科学控制题量和难度。要坚持“以能力立意为主、知识立意为辅”的原则，根据语言实际使用情形命题，适当增大主观性、开放性试题的比重，尽可能避免命制以词或句为语言单位的试题，不应在脱离语境的情况下孤立地考查知识点， 更不应考查对知识的机械记忆。在选择语言素材时，要充分考虑学生的实际生活和身心发展水平、地域以及文化差异，选用真实、地道、形式多样的语言素材。要根据试题的考查目的和重点，制定科学、可行的评分标准，使各层次英语水平的学生成绩都能得到全面、公正、客观、准确的评价，充分发挥测试的鉴定和激励功能，充分发挥测试对教学的正面反拨作用。二、 考试内容与要求英语课程标准规定的义务教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是“促进学生综合语言运用能力的形成与发展” 。 这一能力是建立在语言知识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等五个方面的基础之上的。初中毕业英语学业考试应将语言知识与技能的评价有机结合起来，着重考查学生在具体语境中运用英语的能力，渗透对情感态度、学习策略和文化意识的考查。因此，试卷内容要符合学生生理和心理特点，要关注学生的情感，试题设计要有利于引导学生养成良好的学习习惯，形成有效的学习策略。根据英语课程标准所规定的五级目标的要求，结合我省初中英语教学的实际，制定本考试内容。(一)语言知识要求考生能够掌握语音、词汇、语法以及用于表达常见话题和功能的语言形式等。学会使用15001600个单词和200300个习惯用语或固定搭配。语法考查内容如下：1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(包括比较级和最高级)7.副词(包括比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词(6)时态 现在进行时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去进行时 现在完成时(7)被动语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时(8)非谓语动词(动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语)(9)动词短语10. 构词法(1)前缀、后缀(2)转化(3)合成11. 句子种类(1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)(2)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句)(3)祈使句(4)感叹句12. 简单句的基本句型(1)主语 + 系动词 + 表语(2)主语 + 不及物动词(3)主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语(4)主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(5)主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(6)there be 句型13.并列复合句14.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(能辨认出由that, which, who引导的限定性定语从句,并能理解句子意思。)语音、词汇等其它语言知识考查具体内容详见英语课程标准附录相关部分。(二)语言技能1.听力技能要求考生在听到有关日常生活的熟悉话题时能够：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)获取事实性的具体信息;(3)推测说话人的身份、意图和观点;(4)针对所听内容记录主要信息。2.阅读技能要求考生在阅读各种体裁和题材的简短书面材料时能够：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解材料中的具体信息;(3)根据上下文和构词法猜测生词或短语的含义;(4)推断作者的身份、意图和观点;(5)预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局;(6)根据要求从文章中摘录相关信息;(7)根据阅读材料回答问题。3.写作技能要求考生使用所学语言基础知识，以语篇为单位，清楚、连贯地进行控制性和开放性写作。考生应能：(1)根据英汉表达习惯，翻译文中部分内容;(2)根据语境和实际情况完成对话;(3)根据图示、表格等写出简单的文字说明;(4)根据提示或实际情况，描述事件或表达自己的真情实感;(5)根据提示或实际情况，写简单的书信、电子邮件、告示、海报等应用文。4.口语技能要求考生使用所学的语音、语法和词汇等基础知识，以口头的形式清楚、流利地表达自己的意思。考生应能：(1)正确朗读浅易的书面材料;(2)简单表达图片内容;(3)就熟悉的话题简单地表达自己的观点和态度;(4)与人沟通、合作，进行有效的信息交流。三、 试卷结构初中毕业英语学业考试包括听力、笔头和口语测试，分卷测试。听力测试和笔头测试同卷，采用书面作答的形式闭卷进行，口语测试另卷以面试形式单独进行。整卷结构如下：卷数 大题数 小题数 客、主观题权重 知识、能力题权重 整卷难度值客观 主观 知识 能力控制 开放1-2 4-5 705 0.50 0.40 0.10 0.20 0.80 0.70(一)题型结构1. 客观题型：听力选择、语法选择、词语选择、阅读选择等答案唯一的题型，其整卷权重值不高于0.50。2. 主观题型：笔录要点、摘录要点、回答问题、翻译语篇、补全对话、情境作文、朗读短文、看图说话、情境对话等答案不唯一的题型，其整卷权重值不低于0.50。其中控制性主观题 (即答案内容确定、表达形式不唯一的试题) 整卷权重值不高于0.40，开放性主观题 (即答案内容不确定、表达形式也不唯一的试题) 整卷权重值不低于0.10。(二)难度结构试卷难度值为0.70。其中容易题、稍难题、较难题的比例分别为：70%、15%、15%。(三)内容结构下面两种内容结构，各市、州可根据实际情况选择使用。内容结构一 适应以下两种情形：1. 暂不单独进行口试;2. 虽然单独进行口试，但口试成绩不纳入初中毕业英语学业考试成绩。考查内容 客、主观题权重 知识、能力题权重部分(权重/难度值) 典型题型 客观 主观 知识 能力第一部分听力技能(0.20/0.70) 听力选择 0.15 0 0 0.15笔录要点 0.05 0.05第二部分知识运用(0.20/0.75) 语法选择 0.10 0 0.10 0词语选择 0.10 0 0.10 0第三部分阅读技能(0.35/0.75) 阅读选择 0.15 0 0 0.15摘录要点 0.10 0 0.10回答问题 0.10 0.10第四部分写作技能(0.25/0.60) 翻译语篇 0 0.05 0 0.05补全对话 0 0.10 0 0.10情境作文 0 0.10 0 0.10合计 4(1.00/0.70) 10 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.80内容结构二 适应单独进行口试，且口试成绩纳入初中毕业英语学业考试成绩的市、州。卷次 考查内容 客、主观题权重 知识、能力题权重部分 (权重/难度值) 典型题型 客观 主观 知识 能力第一卷笔试 第一部分 听力技能(0.15/0.70) 听力选择 0.10 0 0 0.10笔录要点 0 0.05 0 0.05第二部分 知识运用(0.20/0.75) 语法选择 0.10 0 0.10 0词语选择 0.10 0 0.10 0第三部分 阅读技能(0.35/0.75) 阅读选择 0.20 0 0 0.20摘录要点 0.05 0 0.05回答问题 0.10 0.10第四部分 写作技能(0.20/0.55) 翻译语篇 0 0.10 0 0.10情境作文 0 0.10 0 0.10第二卷口试 第五部分 口语技能(0.10/0.75) 朗读短文看图说话/主题谈话情境对话 0 0.10 0 0.10合计 2 5 (1.00/0.70) 12 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.80四、 题型示例第一部分 听力技能本部分侧重考查学生从录音材料中获取信息、理解信息和处理信息的能力。命题时要尽量选用情境较真实的口语材料，应避免采用单纯辨音题等脱离语境的题型。答题形式相同的试题，不论选项是以图片还是文字形式呈现，应列于同一题型内考查，以确保考查目的明确、试卷结构简约。听力材料以中速朗读两遍。例题一听力选择 根据你听到的对话，选择正确的答案回答问题。听下面5段对话，每听完一段对话后，做1个小题。1. How is the weather now?A. B. C.2. What animal does the boy want to keep?A. B. C.3. Where are they talking?A. In the hospital. B. In the shop. C. In the classroom.4. What time is it now?A. 8:30. B. 9:00. C. 9:30.5. Why cant Jack go to the movie?A. Because he has a lot of housework to do.B. Because he has to visit a woman.C. Because he has to wait for his best friend.听第六段对话，做第6-7小题。6. Where did Tina leave her schoolbag?A. At home. B. In the school. C. On the bus.7. How did Tina most probably feel that morning?A. Bad. B. Good. C. Lucky.听第七段对话，做第8-10小题。8. Why does Tom want to borrow a book about culture?A. Because he will have a culture test.B. Because he borrows it for his classmate.C. Because he will give a talk about culture.9. How many books can Tom borrow at a time?A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.10. When will Tom return the books?A. Next Monday. B. Next Sunday. C. Next Saturday.录音原文根据你听到的对话，选择正确的答案回答问题。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。听下面5段对话，每听完一段对话后，做1个小题。1. M: Look, its raining again. I dont like rainy days.W: Well, I dont like rainy days, either.2. W: Whats your favorite animal?M: I like dogs best and I want to keep one in the future.3. M: Good morning, Madam. What can I do for you?W: I want to buy a pair of shoes for my son.4. W: Dont hurry. The class meeting will begin at 9:00.M: Oh, its early. We still have thirty minutes.5. W: Would you like to go to the movie with me, Jack?M: Id love to, but my best friend is coming soon. I have to wait for her.听第六段对话，做第6-7小题。W: What a bad morning I had!M: What was the matter, Tina?W: Er, I got up too late. Besides, I left my schoolbag on the bus.M: What a pity!W: What was worse, I was late for Miss Lis class.M: That was really too bad.听第七段对话，做第8-10小题。M: Excuse me, Miss Black! Are there any books about culture?W: Yes, here are some.M: Thanks.W: Are you interested in culture, Tom?M: Yes. I was asked to give a talk about culture.W: Oh, I see.M: How many books can I borrow at a time?W: Three.M: OK! Can I have a look at the books about geography?W: Sure. Theyre on the shelf over there.M: Mm.Id like this one about the Chinese geography. And Ill return them next Saturday.W: Oh, our library doesnt open at weekends. You may keep them for a week.M: OK. Thank you.参考答案15 BABAC 610 CACBA例题二笔录要点 根据你所听到的内容，填写下面的表格，每空不超过3个单词。Travel in ShanghaiDays in Shanghai 1 daysWhere to live 2What to do D1：Watch the opening ceremonyD2：Visit Zhouzhuang Water TownD3： 3Rules Dont 4 alone at nightKeep 5 clean录音原文根据你所听到的内容，填写下面的表格，每空不超过3个单词。Good morning and welcome to Shanghai! I am Xiao Ming. I am the tour guide of your group. I hope we can stay happily in Shanghai for three days. If you have problems or get lost, please call me. My mobile phone number is in this card. Well live in Hunan Hotel. Today well have the most interesting part of our visit. Well watch the opening ceremony of the Shanghai World Expo. Tomorrow well go to visit Zhouzhuang Water Town. And the day after tomorrow well go to visit Nanjing Road. You can go shopping there. We have two rules. Please dont go out alone at night. And please keep the bus clean. Have a good time here. Thank you!参考答案1. Three 2. Hunan Hotel 3. Visit Nanjing Road4. go out 5. the bus第二部分 知识运用本部分着重考查学生在一定的语境中灵活运用语法、词汇等语言知识的能力，不应孤立地考查知识点或对知识的机械记忆。语法选择题要注意加大考点的覆盖面，力求题干语境真实、语义完整、表达地道。词语选择题应避免单纯根据语法结构设疑，要在重点考查阅读理解能力的同时，测试考生通过上下文灵活运用动词、名词和形容词等词汇知识的能力，选材以记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章为宜。要注意选项的同质性，力求类别相同、先后有序、长短一致、难度相当，以提高试题的信度和效度。例题一语法选择 从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确的答案填空。1. Do some exercise every day. I hope you will be _ good health.A. in B. on C. to2. I think Chinese is _ than any other subject.A. easy B. easier C. easiest3. _ do you think of the film? Very interesting.A. Who B. What C. How4. _ is polite to take a gift when you visit somebody for the first time.A. He B. That C. It5. I bought a new shirt for John, _ he didnt like it.A. because B. and C. but6. Must we finish our homework now? No, you _.A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant7. Do you know _ inventor? Yes. Hes _ friend of mine.A. a;a B. the;a C. an;the8. Mary _ to school 10 minutes ago.A. went B. has gone C. goes9. I wonder _.A. where she lives B. where does she live C. where is she living10. How much is the new car?About eighty _ yuan.A. thousands B. thousands of C. thousand参考答案15 ABBCC 610 ABAAC例题二词语选择 通读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Jody was ten years old when he decided he needed a job. He thought it might be 1 to keep worms (虫). He could sell them to farmers. So in 2 , he bought many worms. But that winter the cold weather killed all the worms because he had not put them in a 3 place.The next spring Jody 4 again. He bought more worms. When winter came, he took them inside so they would stay warm. Many farmers bought his worms.One day when Jody was twelve, he got 5 . It was from State of New York. The letter said, “Everyone who sells things has to pay taxes (税)!” Jody 6 only one dollar selling worms. But he still 7 to pay part of that money to the state. He told many people in his town what had 8 . A reporter 9 Jody on TV. Many people saw it and they began to write letters to the state. The letters said that the law was unfair. Finally the law was 10 . Children like Jody can now sell things without paying taxes to the state.1. A. boring B. lucky C. interesting2. A. autumn B. spring C. winter3. A. warm B. clean C. nice4. A. tried B. waited C. failed5. A. a present B. a letter C. an e-mail6. A. paid B. made C. did7. A. hoped B. wanted C. had8. A. happened B. appeared C. followed9. A. saw B. found C. reported10. A. copied B. changed C. passed参考答案15 CBAAB 610 BCACB第三部分 阅读技能本部分着重考查学生从各种书面材料中获取信息、理解信息和分析、处理信息的能力。所选材料要力求体裁多样、题材丰富、时代感强，体现地域及文化差异;内容要符合学生的生活实际和身心发展水平，具有教育功能。由于承载信息媒介的日益多样化，命题时要适当选用一些实用性强的语言材料，如广告、告示、说明书、指令、图表等。例题一阅读选择 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。ALi Chuang is a 15-year-old boy, but he has been a smoker for three years. His teeth and fingers have turned a bit yellow.I first tried smoking after watching TV. It makes me feel excited and I think it looks cool, he said.Not all students smoke as much as Li but there are lots of child smokers.A report says 32% of boys and 13% of girls in middle schools in China have smoked. Some are as young as 11 when they first try!May 31st is World No Tobacco Day. Health experts (专家) are asking young people not to smoke.Doctors say smoking can make people get illnesses, like lung cancer (肺癌) .Not only that, smoking costs a lot of money too!Stop smoking, children! Its bad for your health!1. Li Chuang began to smoke when he was_.A. 12 B. 13 C. 152. More _ have smoked than _ in middle schools in China.A. girlsboys B. boysgirls C. studentsteachers3. “World No Tobacco Day” means “_” in Chinese.A. 世界无癌日 B. 世界节能日 C. 世界无烟日4. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Smoking is good for health.B. Smoking doesnt cost much money.C. Some kids begin to smoke when they are 11 years old.5. What does the writer probably ask the readers to do?A. To give up smoking.B. To go to hospital before you smoke.C. To celebrate World No Tobacco Day every year.B阅读下面的图表，做6-8小题。6. _ can join the club.A. All peopleB. Young ChildrenC. Only old people7. The club opens _.A. 20 hours a weekB. on weekdaysC. at weekends8. The club costs 20 yuan _ .A. for a monthB. for a weekC. for a day阅读右边的图表，做9-10小题。9. The picture asks students to _.A. protect waterB. skate oftenC. drink water10. Which of the following is NOT TRUEaccording to the picture?A. Carry a bottle with you for drinking water.B. Drinking coffee is cool in school.C. Drinking water can help you a lot.参考答案：15 ABCCA 610 BCBCB例题二摘录要点 阅读下面的材料，然后在表格中完成内容摘要，每空不超过三个单词。Wulingyuan Scenic (风景) Area is about 400 kilometres from Changsha and covers an area of about 400 square kilometers. It is a beautiful area with more than 3,000 unusual mountains, about 800 small rivers, and forests with over 1,000 kinds of plant in them. It is an important area because it has hundreds of animals in it, but many of them are endangered and difficult to see. If you want to see Wulingyuan, you can stay in a hotel in Changsha, but many visitors prefer to stay in a tent (帐篷) in the park itself.Wulingyuan Scenic AreaSize about 1. _2. _ about 400 kilometres from ChangshaWhat to see more than 3,000 unusual mountainsabout 3. _forests with over 1,000 kinds of plant4. _Where to stay 5. _tents in the park参考答案1. 400 square kilometers2. Where (it is)3. 800 small rivers4. hundreds of animals5. hotels in Changsha例题三回答问题 阅读下面的材料，然后根据材料内容回答问题。“Who did this?” asked the teacher. Thirty children made no answer.“Who did this?” she raised her voice and asked again. She never became angry, but she was angry this time.It was Charley who broke the window. But he did it by accident. It was caused by a bad throw of a baseball.“If I admitted (承认) it, it would get me into trouble,” Charley thought. “How would I be able to pay for a big window like that?” But something much stronger in his mind pulled him up. “I did it.” Charley stood up and then became silent. It was hard enough saying that.The teacher walked to Charley with a book in hand. The boy feared she was going to hit him with the book.“I know you did it, and I know how you like birds,” she said. “Heres a book about birds. It is yours now. You wont be punished. But remember: its only for your honesty.”Charley couldnt believe it! He wasnt punished, but instead, he got a book which needed much money!1. How many students were there in Charleys class?2. How did Charley break the window?3. What did Charley think the teacher would do with the book?4. What was the book about?5. What have you learned from the story?参考答案1. There were thirty students. / Thirty./ 30.2. By a bad throw of a baseball.3. He thought the teacher would hit him with it.4. It was about birds. / Birds.5. We should be honest.第四部分 写作技能本部分侧重考查学生根据提示，以书面的形式进行信息沟通、再现生活经历、描述周围的事物、发表意见和观点的能力。补全对话题、情境作文题立意要尽量与语言实际使用情形一致，体现“用英语做事情”的理念，要提供明确的写作方向，不提倡无提示的自由写作。给出的提示可以是开放性的，也可以是控制性与开放性相结合的。但是，每一题型采用一种提示为宜，易于学生审题、作答，方便教师评卷、分析。当前要着力加大开放性提示试题的比重，引导学生表达真情实感。例题一翻译语篇 阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语。Food is very important. Everyone needs to eat well if he or she wants to have a strong body. 1. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is knowledge. We begin to get knowledge even we are very young. 2. 孩子们对周围的一切都感兴趣。They learn something when they are watching and listening. When they are getting older, they begin to read storybooks, science books and anything they like. 3. When they find something new, they love to ask questions and try to find out the answers.4. 获取知识的最佳方法是什么呢? If we learn by ourselves, we will get the most knowledge. If we are always getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well. 5. If we study in the right way, we will learn more and understand better.参考答案1. 我们的大脑也需要某种食粮。2.Small children are interested in everything around them.3. 有新发现时，他们喜欢提问，并努力去寻求答案。4.What is the best way to get knowledge?5. 如果我们采用恰当的学习方法，就会学得更多，理解得更透彻。例题二补全对话 根据上下文和你的实际情况把下面的对话补充完整。Reporter: Excuse me. Im doing a survey for a magazine Hobbies. Can I ask you some questions?You: 1. .Reporter: Everyone has hobbies. So do you, dont you?You: Yes, I do.Reporter: What are they?You: 2.Reporter: Uh-huh. Which is your favorite one?You: 3.Reporter: OK. When did you pick it up?You: 4.Reporter: Well, why do you like that so much?You: 5.Reporter: Thank you.You: Youre welcome.参考答案One possible version:1. Sure / Certainly 2. Fishing, collecting stamps and playing computer games.3. Collecting stamps, of course.4. When I was six years old.5. Because I can learn quite a lot from the stamps.例题三情境作文 以下是两则美国学生的信息，请从中选择位作为你的笔友，并给他(她)写封英语短信。要求信中包括以下内容:1.简单介绍自己;2.根据对方信息说明你想与他(她)成为笔友的原因;3.你的期待。注意:1.信中不得使用自己的真实姓名和地名;2.80词以上。Name： LisaAge： 14City： Los AngelesHobbies：music, dancingand readingNotes： Look for pen friends whowant to learn aboutDisneyland. Name： TobyAge： 15City： Los AngelesHobbies：sports, (especially football)travelingNotes： Look for pen friends whowant to learn about the computer.参考答案One possible version:Dear Lisa,My name is Li Fang. Im 14 years old. I live in Changde, Hunan and I want a pen pal in America. I think America is a very interesting country because there are many places to have fun, like Disneyland. I can speak a little English. My favorite subj