讲练测高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great Scientists（练）（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

unit 1 great scientists .词义辨析 1.finding information in todays world is easy. the _is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. ainquiry bchallenge cvictim duniverse 2.police _that she had some connection with last weeks robbery of the bank. asuspected babsorbed chandled dinstructed3the boy was found seated on a bench，completely _in a novel. adefeated bdelivered cabsorbed dexposed4he found the cholera outbreak was so _that more than 500 people died in 10 days. apositive bsevere cstrict dcautious5the salesgirl is very good at _difficult customers，which pleases the manager very much. aconfusing bexpanding cdisturbing dhandling6the new railway is still under_ .it will be months before it is completed. aoccupation bfunction caddition dconstruction7eating too much fat can _to heart disease and cause high blood pressure. acontribute brespond cattend damount8the singer was very popular and got an _reception when he appeared on the stage. ainformal boptimistic centhusiastic daccurate9i think you should be _about giving your address to strangers. it might be dangerous. aconfident bcautious cscientific dpositive10the idea that the earth was flat and the sun moved around the earth was _centuries ago. ainstructed bpolluted crejected dreduced【答案】15 b a c b d 610 d a c b c.情态动词和虚拟语气专练1.【2014届广西贵港市5月模拟冲刺】 you _do anything just because other people think its best. a. mustnt b. darent c. dont have to d. cant 【答案】c考点：考查情态动词2【2014届广西桂林十八中第六次月考】when he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.awould bshould chad better dmight【答案】a【解析】试题分析：句意：当他在那里时，每天下班后，他总是会去拐角处的那家咖啡店。would表示过去的习惯，带有主观性，常译为“总是”，选a。考点：考查情态动词的用法3. 【2014届广西桂林中学2月考】 thank god! the accident was avoided after all.that was lucky, but ten inches nearer the two cars _?a. was destroyed b. would be destroyed c. would have been destroyed d. had been destroyed【答案】c【解析】试题分析：句意：谢天谢地，事故毕竟被避免了。-很幸运，但是再靠近10英寸，两辆车就被毁了。根据the accident was avoided after all.可知两辆车被毁了是不真实的，这里的ten inches nearer是遗憾的虚拟条件句，相当于：if they had been ten inches nearer，因为是对过去的事情的虚拟，用would have done。选c。考点：考查含蓄的虚拟语气4. 【2014届广西南宁市马山中学12月考】the picture exhibition bored me to death. me, too. i wish i _ to it. a. shouldnt go b. hadnt gone c. wouldnt go d. didnt go【答案】b考点：考查虚拟语气5. 【2014届广西南宁市马山中学12月考】-miss smith, can i go home after i finish my homework? -no, you _ stay here until i come back. a. can b. may c. shall d. need【答案】c【解析】试题分析：句意：-斯密斯太太，我做完作业可以回家吗？-不，你要呆到我回来。用shall，用于第二人称表示“允诺，命令，规定，警告的等”，can“能够”，may“可以”，need“需要”，选c。考点：考查情态动词6. 【2014届广西桂林十八中第三次月考】-i cant wait to go to your party. _ my friend susan come?- of course. she is always welcome.a. shall b. should c. will d. must【答案】a【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词：句意：-我迫不及待地想参加你的聚会了。我的朋友苏三能来吗？-当然，她总是受欢迎的。shall可以用于第三人称，表示“请求指示”，b. should应该，c. will将会，d. must必须，都不符合句意，选a。考点：考查情态动词7. 【2014届广西柳州铁路一中9月考】what do you think of peter?he _ be really difficult to get along with even though hes a nice person in general.a. shall b. should c. must d. can【答案】d 【解析】试题分析：考查情态动词：句意：-你认为皮特怎么样？-虽然彼得总的来说是个好人，但他可能很难相处。can表示客观上可能性，他可能难相处，不是绝对的，a. shall将会，b. should应该，c. must必须，选d。考点：考查情态动词8. 【2014届广西桂林十八校第二次月考】 - tom , why didnt you answer my call yesterday afternoon ? - sorry , i didnt hear the phone . i _ asleep. a. must be b. must have been c. could be d. should have been【答案】b【解析】试题分析: 考查情态动词。从对话可知此处问昨天的事，所以应该用情态动词+have done表示对过去的推测判断 ，排除a、c选项，must have done “肯定做过某事”，should have done “本应该做某事”，从语境判断b选项正确。句意：-汤姆，昨天下午为什么不接我电话呢？-对不起，我没听到。我肯定是睡着了。考点：考查情态动词。9.【2014届广西桂林十八校第一次月考】27.harry is feeling uncomfortable. he _ too much at the party last night.a. could drinkb. should drinkc. would have drunkd. must have drunk【答案】d考点：考查情态动词的用法。10. 【2014届浙江省六校联考】15. hows your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful? it _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. a. will b. would c. should d. must 【答案】c 【解析】试题分析：句意：-你去the north lake 的旅行怎么样，漂亮吗？-the north lake应该是很美的一个湖泊，但现在被污染了，言外之意，这个湖泊之美要打上问号。should这个情态动词有“按理推测”的含义，可译成“理应”等含义，符合对话的真实意图。答语如果用it should have been, but也是可以的。will表“现在的自然倾向”，would表“过去习惯、倾向”，must 表“肯定推测”，均不符句意。选c。考点：考查情态动词iii.短语填空put forward；link.to.；apart from；lead to；make sense；expose.to；look into；slow down；die of；at times1a black car cut in ahead of me，forcing me to_.2without plenty of water，you will easily _thirst in the desert.3this essay is quite good a couple of spelling mistakes.4there is no doubt that stress can _physical illness.5i dont think it _to focus only on providing basic services.6i wrote a letter of complaint，and the airline have promised to _the matter.7andrew can be very bad tempered _even though he is friendly in general.8a new approach to teaching languages was _at the meeting last week.9these colors will not last if they _the sun.10scientists now _certain types of cancer _the amount of junk food that people eat. 【答案】1. slow down 2. die of 3. apart from 4. lead to 5. makes sense 6. look into 7. at times 8. put forward 9. are exposed to 10. link；toiv.完成句子1to prevent this from happening again，he suggested _ (所有的水源都要经过检测)(examine)2the water companies were instructed _(不能再让人们接 触被污染的水)(expose)3yet copernicus theory is now _(我们的宇宙 观赖以建立的基础)(basis)【答案】1. the source of all the water supplies be examined 2. not to expose people to polluted water any more 3. the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are builtv.模仿造句1it seemed that the water was to blame. 翻译我们不知道该怪谁。 _2a woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 翻译我们刚才请人把机器修好了。 _3only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 翻译我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。 _ 4they believed god had made the world and the earth must be the centre of the solar system. 翻译那不是解决问题的唯一办法，肯定有另外的办法。 _5he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it. 翻译在亚洲的某些地方，你坐着时你的脚不能朝向别人。 _【答案】1. we dont know who is to blame. 2. i had the machine mended just now. 3. only if i get a job will i have enough money to go to school. 4. that cant be the only way. there must be other ways of solving the problem. 5. in parts of asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.vi语法填空【2014届山西省忻州一中、康杰一中、临汾一中、长治二中四校联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。do you like travelling? staying 1 (health) while 2 (travel) can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one. 3 _ you are travelling abroad, here are the tips you need to make your trip much 4 _ (easy)make sure you have got signed passport(护照) and visas. also, before you go, fill in the emergency information page of your passport! make two copies of your passport identification page. this will help a lot if your passport 5 (steal). leave one copy at home with friends or relatives. carry the other 6 you in a separate place from your passport. read the public announcements or travel warnings for the countries you plan to visit. get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to 7 you are travelling.leave a copy of your itinerary(旅行日程) with family or friends at home so that you can be contacted in case of an emergency.do not accept packages from strangers. do not carry too much money or 8_ (necessary) credit cards. if we make enough 9 _(prepare), we will succeed. have 10 _good time! 【答案】1.healthy 2. travelling3.ifwhenwhile4.easier5.is stolen 6.ling是动名词做主语。3.在国外旅行时，这里有一些建议以保证你的旅行更便捷。4.much后应该用比较级形式：easier。5.主句用一般将来时，if从句用一般现在时的被动形式：is stolen。6.护照复印两份，一份留在家给家人或朋友，另一份随身携带，和护照分开放。用with表伴随。7.countries是定语从句的先行词，用which代替先行词，做to的宾语。句意是：要熟悉你准备去旅行的国家的风俗习惯和法律法规。8.前有不要带太多的钱，这里应该是不必要的信用卡。unnecessary不必要的。9.充分准备是短语：make enough preparations。10.have a good time!是固定表达：玩得愉快。考点：语法填空。vii完形填空完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）【江苏省如皋中学2014届高三下学期3月阶段考试】 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。all of us go through some difficult times as we approach teenage years. its the age when we have to deal with the most 1 in our life. this transition (过渡) from childhood to adulthood is 2 for some, but rough for others. the most important thing about being a teenager is 3 . when we are teenagers, we would get blamed or even punished for anything wrong we do. unlike before when we were small kids, even if we made a big trouble, we didnt need to pay anything for it.its all not so 4 about being a teenager though. we dont have to have our 5 take us to somewhere we want to go or we couldnt go before. we can have 6 with friends or even alone, which we couldnt have because we were too 7 to know what pleasure is! its a very enjoyable time of life. during this age, we are old enough to 8 what is good for us, and make decisions by ourselves without 9 others.but like the saying goes all good things must come to an end, but all bad things can continue 10 .” during this period, we are having much 11 for our studies. if we dont pass, we wont get jobs, and things will take a turn for the 12 . with the present world economy in _13 , we have to do really, really well in our 14 for a job. adults say that their _15 is the hardest part of life. but i think the transition from a kid to an adult is much 16_ than being already an adult. what we do in our teenage years will 17 what we become and how we lead our life in the future.in conclusion, it is quite 18 that parents put much pressure on an already stressed out teenager. if they realized that, living condition for teenagers would be much better._19 for the teens ourselves we should get to know what is best for us. whats more, we should understand the right 20 of life we choose at this age can make us happy for the rest of our existence.1. a. chancesb. changesc. feelingsd. expectations2. a. smoothb. practicalc. demandingd. necessary3. a. knowledgeb. independence c. confidenced. responsibility4. a. easyb. strangec. badd. interesting5. a. guidesb. partnersc. parentsd. friends6. a. funb. troublec. relationd. business7. a. proudb. youngc. smartd. mature8. a. predictb. rememberc. imagined. understand9. a. guidingb. helpingc. invitingd. consulting10. a. occasionallyb. temporarilyc. foreverd. increasingly11. a. pressureb. passionc. motivationd. panic12. a. betterb. worsec. fewerd. more13. a. declineb. hopec. increased. debt14. a. contributionb. educationc. applicationd. qualification15. a. promotionb. workc. experienced. age16. a. harderb. happierc. easierd. lighter17. a. reflectb. confirmc. determined. identify18. a. vitalb. urgentc. commond. unnecessary19. a. or b. otherwise c. but d. because20. a. experience b. wayc. conditiond. power【解析】试题分析：对于每个人来说从青少年到成年人这一个过渡期是非常重要的，这不仅对将来的工作有着重要的影响也对未来的生活起着重要的决定作用。但是家长虽然有必要让孩子了解这些情况，但是不能过分地给孩子施加压力。1.b名词辨析。a. chances机会；b. changes变化；c. feelings感情；d. expectations期望；下文讲了从青少年到成年这一过渡期，由此可知应该是指变化，选b。4.c形容词辨析。 a. easy容易的；b. strange奇怪的；c. bad坏的；d. interesting有趣的；根据前面的when we are teenagers, we would get blamed or even punished for anything wrong we do.可知作为一个青少年会因做错事而是受到惩罚，是指不好的事情，故选a。5.c 名词辨析。a. guides向导；b. partners伙伴；c. parents父母；d. friends朋友；根据后面的with friends or even alone可知我们没必要再让父母带我们去想去的地方，故选c。6.a名词辨析。 a. fun乐趣；b. trouble麻烦；c. relation亲属关系；d. business生意；根据后面know what pleasure is! its a very enjoyable time of life 可知这儿是have fun with sb.和某人玩得开心，故选a。7.b 形容词辨析。a. proud骄傲的；b. young年轻的；c. smart机敏的；d. mature成熟的；根据前句内容可知青少年可以享受到小时候不能享有的乐趣，故选b。8.d动词辨析。 a. predict预测；b. remember记住；c. imagine想象；d. understand理解；根据上下文内容可知青少年已经够大能够明白什么是对的，什么是对自己有好处的，故选d。9.d. 动词辨析。a. guiding指导；b. helping帮助；c. inviting邀请；d. consulting咨询；。根据上文可知，我们足够大到能明白什么是对的，而不用去咨询别人，故选d。10.c 副词辨析。a. occasionally偶尔地；b. temporarily临时地；c. forever永远；d. increasingly渐增地；根据前面的all good things must come to an end中的come to an end 可知后面所有坏的东西永远继续下去，故选c。11.a 名词辨析。a. pressure压力；b. passion热情；c. motivation激励； d. panic恐慌，惊慌；根据in conclusion, it is quite _57_ that parents put much pressure on an already stressed out teenager.中的暗示，可知选a。12.b形容词辨析。 a. better更好；b. worse更差；c. fewer更少；d. more更多；从上文we wont get jobs说明情况会很糟糕，故选b。take a turn for the worse“恶化，逆转”。13.a动词辨析。a. decline下降；b. hope希望；c. increase增加；d. debt债；根据上下文可知现在世界上的经济处于下滑趋势，故选a项。decline“下降，衰退”符合句意。14.b名词辨析。 a. contribution贡献； b. education教育；c. application应用，申请；d. qualification资格；条件；根据前面during this period, we are having much _16_ for our studies.可知青少年在学习中会有压力，由此判断此处是指“教育”，故选b。15.d 名词辨析。a. promotion提升；b. work工作；c. experience经历；d. age年龄，时代；根据后面的but i think the transition from a kid to an adult可以推断这个时期是他们一生中最困难的时期，选d。18. d 形容词辨析。a. vital至关重要的；b. urgent紧急的； c. common常见的；d. unnecessary没必要的；根据上下文，父母给那些已经压力重重的孩子再施加压力是没有必要的，故选d。19.c 副词辨析。a. or或者；b. otherwise否则； c. but但是； d. because因为；从句意判断前后两句话是转折关系，故选d。20.b名词辨析。 a. experience经验，经历；b. way方法，方式；c. condition条件，状况；d. po