高中英语 Unit15 Lessons12 Grammar虚拟语气（一）讲练 北师版必修5.doc

虚拟语气（一）条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，主从句皆用陈述语气；非真实条件句所表的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，主从句皆用虚拟语气。接下来，我们一起看看非真实条件句中的虚拟语气。从句谓语形式主句谓语形式例句表示与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be动词一般用were）should / would / could / might +动词原形if i were you, i would refuse the money.if we left now, we should arrive in good time. 表示与过去事实相反had +过去分词should / would / could / might + have +过去分词if we had had time, we would have dropped by.表示与将来事实可能相反动词的过去式（be 动词一般用were）were to +动词原形should +动词原形should / would / could / might +动词原形if you lived there for a while, you would change your mind about that place.if you were to come tomorrow, i might have time to see you.if it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.注意：当主从句所表示的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整，主从句按各自的时间采用相应的谓语形式。如：if he had been trying hard, his parents would not be so worried.if he knew this, it would have had to be by accident.if i were not busy, i would have come.如果if条件句中有were, had, should等词时，可以省去if，把这几个词放在句首。如：were you in my position, you would do the same.had she been asked, she would have done it.should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.【即学即练】i. 从括号内选择正确的选项填空。1. if i _ (met / shall meet) him tomorrow, i should have a talk with him. if i _ (am / were) him, i would not use the computer just to play games, to chat, or to listen to music; i _ (would learn / will learn) some knowledge and skills, which will be helpful in the future. 2. if i _ (had / had had) time last night, i _ (had gone / would have gone) to see the film with you. if i had gone to the cinema, i _ (will see / would have seen) my favourite film star in the flesh and i _ (would have taken / will have taken) a photo with her. 3. _ (were / am) i a parent, i would have a lot of rules at my house. however, i would take time to do things for my children. and i _ (will allow / would allow) them to develop their own hobbies and to choose their own clothes. 4. if we had arrived at the shopping mall earlier, we _ (will get / would get) more gifts now. ii. 从括号内选出正确的选项完成下列句子。1. we (could have won / won) the big game if we had practiced more.2. if i (had known / knew) you were waiting for me, i would have walked faster.3. if you (had lived / lived) there for a while, you would change your mind about that place. 4. if i (had knew / knew) the answer to all your questions, i would be a genius (天才).5. if eve (had spoken / spoke) to him yesterday, she should know what to do now.iii. 根据汉语意思补全下列句子（每空一词）。1. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你一些。if i had money with me, i _ _ _ _.2. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错了。if he _ _ _ _, he would not have made such a mistake.3. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不去滑冰了。if there _ a heavy snow next sunday, we _ _ _ _.4. 如果贝蒂知道你的地址，她早就给你写信了。_ betty _ your address, she would have written to you.5. 如果我还年轻，我会努力学习取得学位。_ _ _, i would study hard to get a degree.iv. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式补全下列对话。tom: what _ you _ (do) at this moment if you were at home?henry: playing cards, maybe.tom: if i had known you liked cards, i _ (buy) some yesterday. if i happen to see them tomorrow, i _ (buy) them.henry: oh, if i liked them so much, i _ (bring) some with me yesterday. i _ (not, mind) at all if i didnt play here. we _ only _ (waste) this nice weather if we were playing cards now. it _ (be) much nicer if we could go for a walk.tom: why not?v. 从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. if my car _ more reliable, i would have driven to lhasa instead of flying last summer. (陕西2012)a. wasb. had beenc. should bed. would be2. sorry, i am too busy now. if i _ time, i would certainly go for an outing with you. (湖南2012)a. have had b. had had c. have d. had3. grace doesnt want to move to new york because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. (安徽2012)a. lives b. would live c. has lived d. were to live4. if we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. (山东2012)a. havent madeb. wouldnt make c. didnt make d. hadnt made5. had i known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _. (浙江2010)a. would have been saved b. had been savedc. will be saved d. was saved vi. 根据图片内容，用虚拟语气改写句子。1. you have an office chair with wheels. the dog is pushing the chair around the room now.if the chair didnt have wheels, the dog _ pushing it around the room now.2. you left your dogs at home alone all day. they are begging you for a walk now.if you _ your dogs at home alone all day, they wouldnt be begging you for a walk now.3. the lights in the restaurant are blinding (刺眼的).if we improved the lighting, it _ (make) the restaurant feel more romantic.参考答案i. 1. met; were; would learn 2. had had; would have gone; would have seen; would have taken 3. were; would allow 4. would get ii. 1. could have won 2. had known 3. lived 4. knew 5. had spoken iii.1. would lend you some 2. had tak