uint 3yingyu.doc

徐 州 工 程 学 院 教 案 2012 年至 2013 年 第 二 学期 第 一 周 星期 一/三 课题名称（含教材章节）： Unit 1 Electronic Commerce in the 21st Century 教学目的和要求： Learn to tell the difference between electronic commerce and traditional commerce; Get to know the advantage of electronic commerce; Get to know the limitations of electronic commerce; Get to know some risks of shopping online; 教学重点： benefits of electronic commerce 教学难点： the future of e-commerce 教 学 内 容 （ 要 点 ）Text I: E-commerce : implications for business in the 21st centuryText II: A brief history of e-commerceText III: The future of e-commerce徐 州 工 程 学 院 教 案 纸Part I: Understanding the World Wide Web Interface n. 接合部位，界面，接口initial adj.最初的, 词首的, 初始的ensue vi. 跟着发生, 继起hypertext 超文本，含有指向其它文本文件链接的文本。facilitate vt. 使容易, 使便利, 推动incorporate adj. 合并的, 一体化的 v. 合并, 使组 成公司accessible adj.易接近的, 易受影响的, 可理解的aspect n.外表, 面貌, (问题等的)方面distribute v.分发, 分配, 分区execute vt.执行, 实行, 完成proportion n.比例, 部分 vt. 使成比例, 分摊client n.顾客, 客户, 委托人unique adj.唯一的, 独特的transmit v.传输, 转送, 传达, 传导retrieval n.取回, 恢复, 修补uniform adj. 统一的, 相同的, 一致的format n.版式, 形式, 格式 vt. 安排.的格局anatomy n.剖析, 解剖学visual adj.看的, 视觉的font size n.字体大小italics n.斜体字bold n.粗体 adj. 大胆的reside vi. 居住, 存在（与in连用）存在于，属于audio adj. 音频的, 声频的, 声音的evolve v. (使)发展, (使)进展, (使)进化navigate v.航行, 航海, 航空, 使通过plug-in n.插件程序available adj. 可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的ever-diversified adj. 常变化的Internet server 互联网服务器Internet protocol 互联网协议rely on 依赖于，依靠in addition to 除.之外derive from 由来, 衍生streaming media 流媒体stand for 象征，代表，表示human resources 人力资源The World Wide Web is a system of Internet servers that supports hypertext to access several Internet protocols on a single interface. The World Wide Web is often abbreviated as the Web or WWW. 万维网是一个互联网服务器系统，它支持通过超文本在一个界面上访问几种因特网协议。万维网也经常被简写成WWW或者Web. server n.服务器hypertext 超文本，含有指向其它文本文件链接的文本。划线部分为定语从句abbreviatev.缩写The World Wide Web was developed in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee of the European Particle Physics Lab (CERN) in Switzerland. The initial purpose of the Web was to use networked hypertext to facilitate communication among its members, who were located in several countries. 万维网是在1989年由Tim Berners-Lee在瑞士的欧洲粒子物理实验室（CERN）创造的。万维网的最初目标是要利用网络超文本来促进分散在不同国家的成员之间的联系。 initial adj.最初的, 初始的facilitate vt.（不以人作主语的）使容易, 使便利, 推动, 促进划线部分为非限定性定语从句Word was soon spread beyond CERN, and a rapid growth in the number of both developers and users ensued. In addition to hypertext, the Web began to incorporate graphics, video, and sound. The use of the Web has reached global proportions and has become a defining aspect of human culture in an amazingly short period of time. 消息很快传播并超越了CERN的范围，接着，开发者和使用者的数量迅速地增长。除了超文本外，万维网开始结合图形、视频和音频。万维网的使用已经达到了一个世界性的范围，并且在一个惊人的短时间内成为了人类文化定义的范畴。Almost every protocol type available on the Internet is accessible on the Web. Internet protocols are sets of rules that allow for inter-machine communication on the Internet. The following are samples of major protocols accessible on the Web: 几乎所有在因特网上可用的协议类型在万维网上都是可用的。因特网协议是允许因特网内部机器进行交流的一系列规则。下面是在万维网上可用的主要协议的例子： accessible adj.易接近的, 可到达的划线一为定语从句划线二为形容词短语做定语E-mail (Simple Mail Transport Protocol or SMTP)：It distributes electronic messages and files to one or more electronic mailboxesTelnet (Telnet Protocol)：It facilitates login to a computer host to execute commands E-MAIL（简单邮件传输协议）：分发电子信息和文件到一个或更多的电子邮箱。Telnet（远程登录协议）：方便登录一个主机执行命令。 SMTP 简单邮件传输协议, 用于电子邮件的传输distribute vt.分发, 分配, 分区Telnet 用于远程联接服务的标准协议或者实现此协议的软件,可为动词.远程登录login n.注册v.进入(系统)，注册，登录；同logonFTP (File Transfer Protocol)：It transfers text or binary files between an FTP server and client Usenet (Network News Transfer Protocol or NNTP)：It distributes Usenet news articles derived from topical discussions on newsgroups FTP（文件传输协议）：在一个FTP服务器和客户端之间传送文本或二进制文件。Usenet（网络新闻传输协议）：分发来自新闻组的论题讨论方面的网络新闻文章。 binary adj.二进位的, 二元的Usenet 世界性的新闻组网络系统划线部分为过去分词短语做定语derive from v.得自, 由来, 衍生newsgroup USE-NET新闻组HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) ：It transmits hypertext over networks. This is the protocol of the Web. 1. HYPERTEXT AND LINKS: THE MOTION OF THE WEB HTTP（超文本传输协议）：在网络之间传输超文本。这是一个万维网协议。 1. 超文本和链接： 万维网的移动 HTTP WWW服务程序所用的协议transmit vt.传输, 转送, 传达The operation of the Web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval. Hyper Text is a document containing words that connect to other documents. These words are called links and are selectable by the user. A single hypertext document can contain links to many documents. 万维网的操作主要依靠超文本作为其检索信息的方法。超文本是一种文件，这种文件包含着可以链接到其他文档的词句。这些词句被称为链接并且可以由使用者选择。一个超文本文档可以包含到许多文档的链接。 retrieval n.取回, 恢复, 重获划线部分为现在分词短语做定语，其中又有定语从句Producing hypertext for the Web is accomplished by creating documents with a language called Hyper Text Markup Language, or HTML. With HTML, tags are placed within the text to accomplish document formatting, visual features such as font size, italics and bold, and the creation of hypertext links. Graphics may also be incorporated into an HTML document. 在万维网上建立超文本要使用所谓的超文本标记语言（或称HTML）来创建文档。用HTML可在文本中设置标记符来规定文档的格式（可视特征比如字体大小、斜体和粗体）并创建超文本链接。图形也可以集成到HTML文档中。 划线部分为过去分词短语做定语tag n.标签, 标示document format n.计 文档格式font size n.字体大小italics n.斜体字bold adj.大胆的n.粗体2. PAGES ON THE WEBThe World Wide Web consists of files, called pages or Web pages, containing information and links to resources throughout the Internet. 2. 万维网的网页万维网由被称为页面或者网页的文件组成，这些文件中包含着信息和到整个因特网资源的链接。 consist of v.由.组成划线部分为过去分词短语和现在分词短语，分别做files的非限定性定语Web pages can be created by user activity. For example, if you visit a Web search engine and enter keywords on the topic of your choice, a page will be created containing the results of your search.Access to Web pages may be accomplished by: 网页可以因用户的行为而创建。例如，如果你浏览一个搜索引擎网站并且输入你所选择的主题的关键词，就会创建一个包含搜索结果的页面。对网页的访问可以通过以下几种方法来完成： search engine 搜索引擎keywords n.计关键字划线部分为现在分词短语做定语，修饰 a page1.Entering an Internet address and retrieving a page directly 2.Browsing through pages and selecting links to move from one page to another 1）键入一个因特网地址并直接检索网页。 2）浏览页面并且选择链接，从一个网页跳 转到另一个网页。 3.Searching through subject directories linked to organized collections of Web pages 4.Entering a search statement at a search engine to retrieve pages on the topic of your choice 3）通过链接到组织好的网页集合的主题目录来搜索。4）在搜索引擎中键入一个搜索表述来检索你所选择主题的网页。 directory n.姓名地址录, 目录划线部分为过去分词短语做定语entering 输入3. RETRIEVING DOCUMENTS ON THE WEB: THE URL & DOMAIN NAME SYSTEMURL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. The URL specifies the Internet address of a file stored on a host computer connected to the Internet. 3.在万维网上检索文档：URL和域名系统URL代表统一资源定位器。URL说明了联网主机上存储的文件的网络地址。 specify vt.指定, 详细说明, 列入清单划线部分为过去分词短语做定语，里面又有过去分词短语做定语，修饰a host computer Every file on the Internet, no matter what its access protocol, has a unique URL. Web browsers use the URL to retrieve the file from the host computer and the specific directory in which it resides. This file is downloaded to the users client computer and displayed on the monitor connected to the machine. 因特网上的每个文件，不管它的访问协议是什么，都有唯一的URL。网络浏览器使用URL从主机和文件所在的详细目录中检索到该文件。这个文件被下载到客户端的计算机上并显示在连接到计算机的监视器上。specific adj.详细而精确的, 明确的划线一为介词前置的定语从句reside vi.居住client n.计顾客, 客户, 委托人划线二为过去分词短语做定语URLs are translated into numeric addresses using the Domain Name System (DNS). The DNS is a worldwide system of servers that stores location pointers to Web sites. The numeric address, called the IP (Internet Protocol) address, is actually the real URL. 使用域名系统可以把URL转换成数字地址。域名系统是一个世界范围的服务器系统，在这里存储了网站的位置指针。数字地址，又叫IP（因特网协议）地址，才是“真正的”统一资源定位器。 划线一为定语从句pointer n.指示器划线二为过去分词短语做非限定性定语IP 网际协议Since numeric strings are difficult for humans to use, alpha-numeric addresses are employed by end users. Once the translation is made by the DNS, the browser can contact the Web server and ask for a specific file located on its site. 由于数字地址很难被人们使用，所以终端用户才使用字母化的数字地址。域名系统一旦完成这种转换，浏览器就能与Web服务器取得联系并检索到存储在其网站上的一个特定文件。string n.线, 细绳, 一串, 一行alphanumeric adj.文字数字的, 包括文字与数字的contact n.接触, 联系vt.接触, 联系划线部分为过去分词短语做定语3.1 Anatomy of a URL This is the format of the URL: protocol:/host/path/filename For example, this is a URL on the Web site of the U.S. House of Representatives: /house/2004_House_Calendar.html This URL is typical of addresses hosted in domains in the United States. 3.1 统一资源定位器（URL）的解析：这是一个URL的格式：协议：/主机/路径/文件名例如，这是一个美国众议院网站的URL：/house/2004_House_Calendar.html这个URL在美国是一个典型的域名主机地址。 anatomy n.剖析, 解剖学calendarn.日历, 历法划线部分为过去分词短语做定语host n.主人, 旅馆招待 许多vt.当主人招待主机Structure of this URL:Protocol: http Host computer name: www Second-level domain name: house Top-level domain name: gov Directory name: house 这个URL的结构：协议：http主机名：www二级域名：house顶级域名：gov路径名称：house File name: 2004_House_Calendar_html Other examples: telnet:/ the catalog of the Library of Congress ftp:/ftp.sunsite.auc.dk/projects/cgfa/picasso/p-picasso11.jpg a file on an ftp site 文件名：2004_House_Calendar.html其他例子：telnet:/国会图书馆目录ftp:/ftp.sunsite.auc.dk/projects/cgfa/picasso/p- picasso11.jpg 一个ftp网站上的文件Several top-level domains (TLDs) are common in the United States: com commercial enterprise edueducational institution govU.S. government entity milU.S. military entity 在美国通用的几个顶级域名：Com 商业企业Edu 教育机构Gov 美国政府实体mil 美国军方实体 netnetwork access provider orgusually nonprofit organizations New domain names were approved in November 2000 by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN):net网络接入提供商org通常是非赢利组织新的域名被国际互联网名称和地址分配组织于2000年11月认可：.biz, .museum, .info, .pro (for professionals) .name (for individuals), .aero (for the aerospace industry), and .coop (for cooperatives). ICANN continues to investigate proposals for adding additional domain names, for example, .mobi for sites designed for mobile devices, and .jobs for the human resources community. biz, .museum, .info, .pro ( 专业) .name (个体), .aero (航空业), and .coop (协作)。国际互连网络地址和域名委员会（ICANN）继续研究添加额外域名的提议，例如.mobi是专门用于移动设备的网站；.jobs是用于人力资源团体的网站。In addition, dozens of domain names have been assigned to identify and locate files stored on host computers in countries around the world. These are referred to as two-letter Internet country codes, and have been standardized by the International Standards Organization as ISO 3166.另外，许多的域名已经被分配用来识别和定位存储在全世界各个国家主机里的文件。这些被称为两个字母的因特网国家代码，已经被国际标准化组织定为ISO3166了。 dozens of 许多的identify vt.识别, 鉴别v.确定locate vt.查找.的地点, v.定位, 位于划线部分为过去分词短语做定语ISO国际标准化组织For example: jpJapan ukUnited Kingdom As the technology of the Web evolves, URLs have become more complex. This is especially the case when content is retrieved from databases and served onto Web pages. The resulting URLs can have a variety of elaborate structures, for example： 例如：jp日本 uk 英国随着万维网技术的发展，URL已经变得更加复杂。特别是当从数据库中检索内容并传送到网页上时，情况尤其如此。因此URLs可以有各种各样的复杂的结构。例如：The first part of this URL looks familiar. What follows are search elements that query the database and determine the order of the results. As a growing number of databases serve content to the Web, these types of URLs will appear more commonly in your browsers address window. 这个URL的第一部分看起来很眼熟，接下来的是用于查询数据库和决定结果顺序的搜索元素。由于到网页有越来越多的数据库服务内容，这些类型的URLs将会越来越频繁地出现在你的浏览器地址栏上。划线部分为定语从句query计查询，对一个数据库所作的搜索请求。serve v. 服务，供应4 HOW TO ACCESS THE WORLD WIDE WEB: WEB BROWSERSTo access the World Wide Web, you must use a Web browser. A browser is a software program that allows users to access and navigate the World Wide Web. There are two types of browsers: 4.怎样访问万维网：网页浏览器要访问万维网，你必须使用浏览器，浏览器是使用户能够访问万维网和搜索万维网的软件程序。浏览器的类型有两种： browser n 浏览器在电脑上安装的，用来显示指定文件的程序.划线部分为定语从句 Graphical: Text, images, audio, and video are retrievable through a graphical software program such as Internet Explorer（IE）, Firefox and Netscape. These browsers are available for Windows, Apple, Linux and other operating systems. Navigation is accomplished by pointing and clicking with a mouse on highlighted words and graphics. 图形浏览器：通过图形软件程序可以检索到文本，图像，音频，视频，例如IE，Firefox和Netscape，这些浏览器可以应用在Windows, Apple, Linux和其他操作系统上。通过用鼠标指向和点击突出显示的语句和图形来完成网上搜索。 graphical adj. 绘画的image n.图象, audio adj.音频的, 声频的, 声音的video n.电视, 录象, 视频Linux 一种可免费使用的UNIX操作系统, 运行于一般的PC机上highlighted adj.突出的You can install a graphical browser on your computer. For example, the Internet Explorer is a part of the Windows operating system, and is also available on the Microsoft site: . Firefox is available for downloading from the net site /products/firefox/. 你可以在计算机上安装一个图形浏览器。例如，IE浏览器是Windows操作系统的一部分，也可以通过微软网站/来提供，Firefox可以从网址/products/firefox/上下载使用。 Text: Lynx is a browser that provides access to the Web in text-only mode. Navigation is accomplished by highlighting emphasized words in the screen with the arrow up and down keys, and then pressing the forward arrow (or Enter) key to follow the link. 文本浏览器：Lynx是一种仅提供文本方式访问网页的浏览器。通过用上下箭号键来突出显示屏幕上的重点词汇并按回车键来追踪链接来完成导航。 5 ABOUT THE EXPERIENCE OF THE WEBTodays World Wide Web presents an ever-diversified experience of multimedia, programming languages, and real-time communication. There is no question that it is a challenge to keep up with the rapid pace of developments. 5. 关于万维网的体验今天在万维网上可以体验到各种各样的多媒体、编程语言和实时通信。跟上快速发展的脚步无疑是一个挑战。 The Web has become a broadcast medium. It is possible to listen to audio and video over the Web, both pre-recorded and live. For example, you can visit the sites of news organizat