2014年英语高考试题及答案.doc

21. Her _ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A talent B motivation C qualification D technique【答案】BA talent 天才，才干 B motivation 动机C qualification 资格，条件 D technique 技巧，技术【解析】本题考查的是名词辨析。她写作的动机是出于对女性获得高等教育权利的渴望。【难度说明】中等22. When Richard said, “you are much more agreeable and prettier now.” Joans face turned red at the unexpected _.A contribution B compliment C comparison D command【答案】B【解析】本题考查的是名词辨析。A contribution 贡献 B compliment 恭维，称赞C comparison 对比 D command 命令，指挥当瑞秋说：“你现在变得更讨人喜爱，更漂亮了。”琼听到这突如其来的赞美，脸红了。【难度说明】容易23. Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but _ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.A sank B skied C slipped D signaled【答案】C【解析】本题考查的是动词辨析。A sank 下沉 B skied 投向空中C slipped 滑倒 D signalled 发信号看到一大群人朝他涌来，他开始往山下跑，但他滑倒了并跪在正融化的积雪上。【难度说明】难24.The old rules have to be _ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.A revised B observed C established D developed【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是动词辨析。A revised 修改，改进 B observed 观察，遵守C established 建立 D developed 发展旧的规则不得不修改，因为它们只适用于一百年前制定它们的环境。【难度说明】中等25. Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I cant seem to _.A get along B get in C get off D get through【答案】D【解析】本题考查的是动词短语辨析。A get along进展 B get in进入，陷入C get off动身，脱下 D get through通过，度过，接通电话我已经给查尔斯打了一晚上电话，但网络一定出了问题，我似乎不能接通电话。【难度说明】中等26 Is this your necklace，Mary？ I _ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.A went for B looked after C dealt with D came across【答案】D【解析】本题考查的是动词短语辨析。A went for 努力争取，对.适用 B looked after照顾C dealt with处理 D came across偶然发现玛丽，这是你的项链吗？我在打扫厕所时无意发现它。【难度说明】简单27.What was so _ about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.A obvious B impressive C essential D awful【答案】B【解析】本题考查的是形容词辨析。A obvious 明显的 B impressive印象深刻的C essential基本的，必要的 D awful讨厌的，可怕的关于Jasmine Westland的胜利，令人印象深刻的是她光着脚第一个冲向了终点。【难度说明】简单28. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a _ smile and let him go.A wild B tolerant C grateful D cautious【答案】B【解析】本题考查的是形容词辨析。A wild野生的 B tolerant宽容的 C grateful感激的 D 谨慎的她没有指责打破花瓶的男孩，而是给他一个宽容的微笑，让他走了。【难度说明】中等29 Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said _, “Dont be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her.A sharply B indirectly C guiltily D dreadfully【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是副词辨析。A sharply 尖锐地 B indirectly间接地C guiltily 内疚地 D dreadfully可怕地塞布丽娜刚说完，艾伯特就尖锐地说“别那么小气，” 并用手指指着警告她【难度说明】难30 Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables _ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting.A in store B in demand C on sale D on loan【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是介词短语辨析。A in store 贮藏 B in demand 有需求C on sale 廉价出售 D on loan借用，借贷检查储藏着地胡萝卜，土豆，洋葱和其他蔬菜，然后立即使用或者扔掉有腐烂迹象的蔬菜【难度说明】中等When our restaurant business failed, we headed north in a camping truck to Texas, hoping to have a “fresh start”.At the _31_ of Palo Duro Canyon (峡谷) State Park, I _32_ a job advertisement hiring park hosts. The position offered a _33_ , permanent campsite in the park, and _34_, the hosts served as a link between the parks guests and the rangers（护林人）.It was the perfect solution: a rent-free place to reorganize our lives. We entered the park and I made an _35_ for the following day,The park was_36_ , so it took us some time to find an available site. That evening, as we finished our dinner, my wife saw two large skunks( 臭鼬 )walking toward our table. We _37_ climbed onto the table and, for the next four hours, waited for them to _38_ our camp.Having survived that night, we were _39_ that everything else would be all right. The next day we met with the people who ran the park. They explained our _40_ and gave us a beautiful campsite.That evening, _41_ , we learned about the canyon _42_. They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay _43_ in the dark until the winds died away._44_ the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and _45_ the little money my wife _46_ by substitute teaching. Building a successful business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful _47_. For a time after our business _48_ I thought I might lose my family as well.Living in the tiny _49_with no television, we sat close together reading and talking. One evening, standing under a jeweled shy, I found myself _50_ for al the hardship. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family!31. A. back B. entrance C. centre D. edge32. A. answered B. notice C. published D. sponsored33. A. free B. safe C. convenient D. beautiful34. A. in return B. in turn C. in sheet D. in time35. A. attempt B. appear C. agreement D. appointment36. A. quite B. ideal C. crowed D. dangerous37. A. calmly B. eventually C. immediately D. repeatedly38. A. search B. pass C. leave D. attack39. A. aware B. confident C. determined D. satisfied40. A. responsibilities B. requirements C. circumstances D. conditions41. A. meanwhile B. therefore C. moreover D. however42. A. winds B. snows C. woods D. trails43. A. nothing B. morning C. quarrelling D. shaking44.A. After B. Beyond C. During D. Between45.A. live on B. hand out C. give away D. put aside46.A. raised B. posted C. earned D. borrowed47.A. image B. family C. career D. business48.A. declined B. expanded C. failed D. started49.A. camp B. house C. park D. truck50.A. desperate B. ready C. suitable D. thankful【答案】：31. B 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. D36. C 37. C 38. C 39. B 40. A41. D 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. A46. C 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. D【解析】：【语篇解读】本篇完形填空是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述了一个家庭生意失败之后重新开始的故事。文章通过这个故事阐明一个道理：我们在追寻事业成功的时候，可能会失去家庭，因此我们要学会兼顾我们的事业和家庭。31. 考查名词。从后文We entered the park 可知，应该是在公园门口（entrance)，故选B。32. 考查动词。从前文when our restaurant business failed和hoping to have a “fresh start”可知，作者是在寻找工作，注意到一个招聘广告，符合语境，故选noticed。33. 考查名词。后文提到a rent-free place，可知campsite是免费的（free)，故选free。34. 考查介词短语。A项in return 作为回报；B项in turn反过来，反之；C项缩短；D项及时。根据填空处前文句可知要取得这个工作，需要做公园主持人来作为回报，故选in turn.35. 考查名词。A. attempt 尝试；B. appeal 吸引；C. agreement同意，协议；D. appointment约定，预约。前文知道作者看到招聘广告，明天预约（make an appointment)应聘，符合语境，应选appointment。36. 考查形容词。A.quiet安静的； B.ideal 理想的；C.crowded 拥挤的；D.dangerous; 根据后文so it took us some time to find an available site,可知人多很难找住的位置，所以选crowded.37. 考查副词。文中提到two large skunks（臭鼬）,所以马上躲避。故选immediately。38. 考查动词。由上文立即躲避臭鼬，可知他们很希望它尽快离开，故选leave。39. 考查形容词。由前文having survived that night,可知他们对于后面的时间有了自信，故选confident。40. 考查名词。由前文I made an appointment for the following day和 the next day we met with the people who ran the park. 可知他们去应聘了，管理人员告诉他们职位的职责，符合语境，故选responsibilities.41. 考查连词。由前文everything else would be all right和后文rocking our little camping truck violently.until the winds died away可知，前后情况是一种相反的场景，故选转折连词however.42. 考查了名词。由后文They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently.until the winds died away, 可知是wind(复现)，故选winds.43. 考查动词。由前文rocking our little camping truck violently可知卡车（truck） 在摇动(shake），故选shaking.44. 考查介词。A. after 在.之后; B.beyond 超越.范围；C.during 在.期间；D.Between在两者之间，应该是指后续的几周期间，故选during。45. 考查动词短语。A. live on 靠.生活; 以.为食; B.hand out 分发；give away 捐赠，泄露；put aside 存储，留出，搁置46. 考查动词。根据上文，生意失败，所以作者的妻子要靠教书来挣钱， 故选earned。47. 考查名词。根据后文I might lose my family as well 和building a successful business and then losing it 看出作者留给家的时间很少，复现，故 选family。48. 考查动词。根据文章第一段第一句when our restaurant business failed 可知，填failed, 复现。49. 考查名词。由文章第五段our little camping truck，可知填truck, tiny是small的同义替换，考查复现。50. 考查形容词。由前文可知作者找到工作和后文we had become a family可知，作者工作、家庭都有收获，所以作者感激，故选thankful.【难度说明】：中等。四、阅读理解ABefore I had my son, I spent two years working with children with disabilities. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster. Coming up against their behavior could only make the job harder and their behavior more extreme. I found something that worked, though.There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him. One day the boy joined a session in the room next to mine. His appearance created an atmosphere of tension. He spent the entire session running around, hitting and kicking, and destroying property.I was in the craft room working with some other children when my co-worker told me that this boys teacher was in tears, and could not get control of the situation. As we were talking, the boy ran in. I told my co-worker that I would take care of him.I closed the door. He was full of energy, throwing things around and making a huge mess. But I could see that he was doing all these to annoying me. He needed connection, and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it. So I sat back down and kept quiet. Then he slowed down and began making a rocket. I talked to him about it. We continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the conversation:“So what happened today?”It was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone, I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed. He told me that the teacher didnt let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked. He also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game. I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset. This again was stated simply as a fact. I suggested that next time he had a session, he talk about what he hoped to do at the start, which might be easier for everyone. He agreed and was quiet for a moment. Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.51. The boy made trouble for his teacher because he_.A. was blamed for creating an air of tensionB. was made to do things against his willC. was told not to yell at other childrenD. was accused of destroying property【答案】 B【解析】 细节理解题。根据题干要求The boy made trouble for his teacher because he_.可以定位文中最后一段 He told me that the teacher didnt let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked. 因 此，选B. was made to do things against his will。答案在文中较后面的部分， 考生容易受到前面文章内容的影响【难度说明】：难52. Why didnt the author do anything about the boys bad behavior at first?A. She hadnt thought of a coping strategy.B. She was tired of shouting and threats.C. She didnt mind the huge mess at all.D. She didnt want to make it worse.【答案】 D【解析】细节理解题。题干问作者为什么一开始不去纠正这个男孩的不良行 为？答案可定位至第四段第二至三行But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me.He needed connection,and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it.So I sat back down and kept quiet.可得出答案为 D. She didnt want to make it worse.同时，作者处理这件事的方式与全文主题句I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster相对应。【难度说明】：中等53. The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by_A. avoiding making critical remarksB. describing his teachers feelingsC. giving him a good suggestionD. playing games with him【答案】 A【解析】细节理解题。题干问作者通过什么方式使得男孩愿意交流自己的想法？文章第六段的第二句句给出了答案I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed.答案为A项 Avoiding making critical remarks.【难度说明】：中等54. Why did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end?A. He was sad for the authors misunderstanding.B. He was fearful of the authors warning.C. He was regretful about his behavior.D. He was sorry about his reputation.【答案】 C【解析】细节理解题。题干意思为：为什么这个男孩最后哭了。根据文章最后一段最后一句Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize可知：男孩要向老师道歉，因此为自己之前的行为感到后悔，所以答案为C. He was regretful about his behavior【难度说明】：简单BLondons newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano. When he began designing the Shard for London, Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶). He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building arent regular. So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is how the building got the name: the Shard. Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.The Shard has 87 floors. At the top, there is an observatory. At the moment the building is empty, but eventually there will be a five-star hotel. There will also be top quality restaurants, apartments and offices.Before building work began, a lot of people didnt want the Shard though the plans were approved. Now they are still unhappy about the Shard. Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York, but not in London. They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape. But that is the only thing. There is no decoration, only flat surfaces. The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago. They also think the Shard is too big for London. It destroys the beauty of the city.Other critics dont like what the Shard seems to represent. They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London. So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.The Shard now dominates the London skyline. It is not certain, however, that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.55. Londons newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of _.A. its costB. its sizeC. its shapeD. its height【答案】 C【解析】细节理解题。根据题干为什么伦敦这个新的摩天大楼被叫做Shard。我们可以将答案定位至第二段第四排到第五排内容：So the building has an unusual shape.It looks like a very thin,sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name: Shard.可以得知答案为C项。【难度说明】：简单56. When he designed the Shard, Piano wanted it to _.A. change Londons skylineB. inherit Londons traditionC. imitate the Egyptian styleD. attract potential visitors【答案】 B【解析】细节理解题。题干问及Piano设计这座大楼的设计理念，可以定位到第二段的倒数第二句话：Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition所以答案为B项inherit Londons tradition。【难度说明】：简单57. The critics who refer to social division think the Shard _.A. is only preferred by the richB. is far away from the poor areaC. is intended for wealthy peopleD. is popular only with Londoners【答案】 C【解析】细节理解题。根据题干为什么批评者认为Shard造成了社会（贫富） 分离，可以定位到第三句Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. 所以答案为C项is intended for wealthy people.【难度说明】：中等58. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. The Shard: Cheers and ClapsB. The Shard: Work of a Great ArchitectC. The Shard: New Symbol of London?D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?【答案】 D【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章论述的是伦敦新的摩天大楼的建造所带来的 争议。有人认为它是英国传统的传承，是一项很好的变化。但也有人提出质 疑。因此答案选D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?【难度说明】：中等CWorking with a group of baboons(狒狒）in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Development of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive(认知） tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individu