语法学案：现在分词(1).doc

2012-2013学年第一学期高二年级模块五第二单元语法现在分词语法学案：现在分词一、现在分词的形式1. The boy standing there is our monitor.2. The building being built is our classroom.3. Having finished his homework, he went to play football.4. Having been told about it many times, he still didnt believe it.总结：一般式结构：_（主动） 完成时结构 ：_（主动）_（被动） _（被动）二、现在分词的功能1.作定语： a changing world a developing country boiling water a running boy = a boy who is running The students sitting in the classroom are very lovely and hard-working. The bike being repaired now is mine. 注意1：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词_，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词_，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。Exercises: (1) The house _(face) to the south was built last year (2) Unsafe drinking water has led to healthy problems for people _ (live) near the Yangtze River.(3) The meeting _ (hold) now is very important. The measures _(正在采取的) are very effective. The waste _(目前排放到长江中的) into the river has been increasing. _（现在大量生产的垃圾）is turning into a big problem. (4)The boy _(lead) the way is very friendly.(5)We think of greedy businessmen _(hide) from their responsibilities(6)We think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes _(pour) chemical waste into river.(7)The people _(经营工厂的人 )注意2：现在分词和动名词作定语的区别：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping 一辆卧车 a waiting taxi = a taxi which is waiting一辆在等候的出租车 a sleeping boy= a boy who is sleeping 一个睡着的男孩 a waiting room= a room for waiting 候车室标注：动名词表示其修饰名词的性质或用途（供之用），与它修饰的词无逻辑上的主谓关系。 现在分词做定语，表明被修饰名词的动作，与这个名词构成了逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句 (8)With a _(walk) stick in his hand, an old man was nearly knocked down by a _(run) boy. 2. 作表语：现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。这些现在分词大多是被形容词化。常见：interesting， exciting， surprising ，puzzling， frightening， amusing，disappointing ,astonishing etc.它们一般跟在连系动词be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear 等后。1 The story seems / is /sounded very interesting. 2 The news was disappointing.注意 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理或所处的状态，主语多为人。但对于voice , look, expression等词要根据具体语境区分。有些过去分词作表语，相当于形容词。常见：tired, satisfied, pleased, interested， excited， surprised ，puzzled， frightened， amused，disappointed, broken , discouraged, drunk, crowded EgAn exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 A puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情An excited voice 兴奋的声音 A puzzled look 困惑的表情1 The sound was frightening and he was frightened.2 At the sight of a snake, the girls showed a frightened look .Exercises:3 The naught boy made a_ (frighten) voice on purpose , making the girls_ (frighten). 4 _ by the magicians tricks, they decided to invite him to their village the _ year.A Amusing , following B Amused , following C Amusing , followed D Amused, followed3. 作宾语补足语或主语补足语：1 We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 宾补 2 When I came in, I saw John reading a book. _3 Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. _ 4 I caught the boy stealing your money. _ The boy was _. (被动结构) (此刻stealing为主语补足语)5 When I came in, I found / noticed John reading a book. (变被动语态) When I came in, John was _ a book. (此刻reading为主语补足语)比较：We heard someone sing in the next room. (变被动语态) Someone was heard _ in the next room.常见的可以加现在分词作宾补的动词有: 感官动词：see，watch，notice, observe，look at，hear，listen to，feel 以及have, get, keep，find，catch, leave, set Exercises: (1) We find the worlds population _(grow) so fast. (2)She smelt something _(burn) in the kitchen.(3)Many students leave the water _(run) after washing their hands.(4)Anyone who was found _(smoke) in the kitchen will be fired.(5)The boy was last seen _(play) at the bank of the river.(6)The thief was caught _(rob) in public.4. 作状语：时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. = When I saw Tom, Hearing the good news , he jumped with joy. When developing the economy, we have to take environmental protection into consideration. 注：现在分词作时间状语时，根据需要其前面可以用when, whenever, while, once或until如： 1 When crossing street, you must be careful. 2 Having finished his homework, he went to play football with his friends.Exercises:(1)_(wait) in the queue for an hour, he suddenly found he had left his wallet home.(2)_(separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australian has special animals. (3)当我们破坏环境的时候，我们继续生育越来越多的人口。 _(4)当一想到工厂时，人们就会想到向河流中倾倒化学废物的管道。 _原因状语：1 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 2 Not knowing what to do, he asked the teacher for advice. 3Having lived in Beijing since childhood, he knows her very well. 4 Not having received an answer, I wrote to him again.Exercises:(1)_(not tell) to come earlier, he was late for the meeting.(2)_(not complete) the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (3)与很多环境顾问一起工作之后，我知道健康的环境和经济发展并存是很有可能的。 _方式或伴随状语：1 Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 2 They sat there, talking to each other. Exercises:(1)He walked down the hill, _(sing) softly to himself.(2)He sat there, _( not know) what to say.(3)There is a letter on the table, _(indicate) somebody has come.条件状语(可改成if引导的条件状语从句)1 Working hard, you will succeed. = _ hard, and you will succeed. = If you work hard, you will succeed.2 Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.Exercises:(1)_(turn) to the left, you will find the post office there.(2)_(prepare)fully, we can achieve great things.让步状语(可改成although引导的让步状语从句)Having failed many times, he didnt lost heart. = Although he had failed many times, he didnt lose heart.Matthew was optimistic toward his life even facing his coming death. 结果状语 (可改成并列谓语)His friend died, leaving him a lot of money. = His friend died, and left him a lot of money. Yang Liwei went to space and returned, making the Chinese dream flying into space a reality.Exercises:1 Other types of waster flow into our water, _（杀死了许多河流中及海洋中的生物）2 His parents died, _(结果他成了孤儿).3工厂生产造成的废物进入大气，使我们生病。_4 这些捕捞船捕捞大量的鱼，不留时间让它们产卵，导致我们可食用的鱼的数目越来越少。These boats catch large numbers of fish_注意区别：The earthquake took place unexpectedly, causing many deaths and great damage. He hurried to the station, only to find/only to be told that the train had left. 总结：doing _ only to do 作结果状语的区别：_Exercises:(1)Bill Gates died, _(leave) his son a big fortune.(2) Marine dropped the bottle of milk on the ground, _(break) it into pieces.(3)It rained nonstop for ten days, completely _(ruin) our holiday.四、现在分词的固定结构generally speaking一般说来 judging from 从判断 talking of (speaking of) 说道 seeing that. 看到 considering ; taking . into consideration ; 考虑到., 由于., 鉴于. supposing (suppose). providing(provided) that . 假如. Exercises:1_ from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。2_, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。五、现在分词在with复合结构中的应用现在分词与前面的名词或代词构成逻辑上的主动关系，即 with + 名词/代词 + 现在分词(1)With prices going up so fast, we cant afford luxuries(奢侈品).(2) The old man is sleeping under the tree, with his dog lying on the ground.Exercises:(3)With the crowd _(cheer), (在众人的欢呼声中)the sports stars drove to the stadium.(4)With time _ (时间飞逝), we are growing older and older. (1)When mother went to the house, she found her baby was sleeping in bed, with his lips _.A. movingB. movedC. to move D. move(2)With time _, well visit the Summer Palace. A. permitting B. is permittingC. to permitted D. permits(3)I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going on B. goes onC. went on D. to go on(4)- Come on, please give me some ideas _ about the project. - Sorry, with so much work _ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. fillingC. to fill D. being filled(5)They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights _. A. burn B. burntC. burning D. to burn(6)The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes _ on the wall. A. fixing B. fixedC. to be fixing D. to be fixed(7)With two exams _, I have to work hard this weekend. A. worry aboutB. to worry aboutC. worried about D. worrying about六、现在分词在独立主格结构中的应用独立主格结构中的现在分词的应用：其结构：名词/代词 + 现在分词（与前者主语构成逻辑上的主动关系，与真正主语无关系）表示时间、原因、伴随、方式等情况。且两句之间禁止有连词（but and so 等）1 The price going up, we cant afford luxuries. 2 Winter coming on, the trees turns yellow. 3 There being a meeting, I have to leave.Exercises:(1)Time _(permit), we will visit Summer Palace.(2)His dog _(lie) on the ground, the old man is sleeping under the tree.(3) The naught boy _ (focus) on his novel, the teacher was teaching carefully in class.(4)The boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and his hands _. A. being closed, trembling B. closed, trembledC. closed, trembling D. closing, trembled(5) _ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was巩固练习：1._ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. A. BasedB. BasingC. BaseD. To base2. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch.A. sittingB. having satC. to sitD. sat3.China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea. A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked4.Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realizedC. to realizeD. being realized5.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them. A. to followB. followingC. followedD. follows6.This machine is very easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operatingC. operatedD. to operate7.He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched. A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. having left8.One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD. correcting9.The party will be held in the garden, weather _. A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit10. Though _ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. A. surprisingB. was surprisedC. surprisedD. being surprised11.The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on. A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched12.Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use B. used C. using D. use13.The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started14.Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky. A. findingB. to findC. being foundD. to have found15.I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A. to windB. windC. windingD. wound16.Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _. A. washedB. washC. washingD. to wash17._ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked18.Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made19.Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _ to the new students. A. speakingB. having spokenC. to speak D. to have spoken20.John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it. A. offeredB. offeringC. to offerD. to be offered21.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say. A. thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought ofD. think of22.Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. comparedB. comparingC. comparesD. being compared23.On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. A. saysB. saidC. sayingD. to say24.More highways have been built in China, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another A. makingB. made C. to makeD. having made25.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. A. remindingB. to remindC. remindedD. remind26._ an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. A. OfferB. OfferingC. OfferedD. To offer27.The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, _ the students to return to their classrooms. A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled28.Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C . to amuse D. to be amused29.That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducingB. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce30.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighedB. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing31.Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local adv