计算机专业英语复习题.doc

1. 判断题（ ）1. Operating system first appeared during the third computer generation.（ ）2. Unlike the other buses, the address bus always receives data from the CPU; the CPU never reads the address bus.（ ）3. The main operations of set algebra are complementation, union and intersection.（ ）4. If an empty stack is popped, we say the stack overflows, which is normally an error.（ ）5. The CPU can be shared in a sequential manner only. （ ）6. Freeware is free software with no restriction.（ ）7. When writing data to memory, the CPU first outputs the data onto the data bus, then outputs the address onto the address bus.（ ）8The FORTRAN programming language was developed during the first computer generation.（ ）9A stack is a dynamic set that obeys the FIFO property.（ ）10Two popular strategies for resource allocation are static allocation and dynamic allocation.（ ）11The CPU can be shared in a sequential manner only. （ ）12. A program written in the assembly language of one microprocessor can run on a computer that has a different microprocessor.（ ）13. Object-oriented programming(OOP) is a programming language model organized around “objects” rather than “actions” and data rather than logic.（ ）14. FORTRAN is a particularly good language for processing numerical data, but it does not lend itself very well to organizing large programs.（ ）15. C+ and Smalltalk are two of the more popular object-oriented programming language.2. 词汇Vacuum tube 真空管 general purpose 通用 transistor 晶体管LSI（Large Scale Integrated Circuit）：大规模集成电路VLSI(Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit）：超大规模集成电路Mainframe 大型机 medium-sized computer 中型机 minicomputer 小型机 Microcomputer 小型机 machine language 机器语言 assembly language 汇编语言 high-level language 高级语言Multiprogramming 多道程序设计 virtual memory 虚拟存储 time-share 分时Batch system 批处理系统 interactive system 交互式系统Instruction cycle 指令周期Address bus, data bus, control busInternal register内部寄存器 external register 外部寄存器 flag register标志寄存器Instruction register 指令寄存器 program counter程序计数器 combinatorial logic组合逻辑Control signal 控制信号 instruction code指令代码 instruction pipeline指令流水线Bidirectional 双向的 unidirectional 单向的ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit) 算术逻辑单元Decimal system十进制 binary system 二进制 quinary system 五进制 duodecimal system 十二进制Boolean algebra 布尔代数 set algebra 集合代数 empty set 空集 universal set 全集 intersection 交 complement 补 finite set 有限集 infinite set 无限集Stack 堆栈 queue 队列 underflow 下溢 overflow 上溢 pseudocode 伪码 LIFO(Last in first out) 后进先出 FIFO(First in first out) 先进先出 Linked list 链表 doubly linked list 双向链表 Circular list 循环链表Resource allocation 资源分配 user interface 用户接口 static resource allocation 静态资源分配 dynamic resource allocation 动态资源分配 sequential sharing 串行共享 concurrent sharing 并行共享 resource preemption 资源抢占 memory sharing 存储器共享 sequential program 顺序程序 concurrent program 并发程序 packet filtering firewall 包过滤防火墙 intrusion detection 入侵检测 open source 开放源代码的Middleware 中间件 liteware 不具备部分性能的共享软件 shareware 共享软件 freeware 免费软件CAD/CAM Computer Aided Design/Manufacture 计算机辅助设计/制造Software life cycle 软件生存期 Software engineering 软件工程 System engineering and analysis 系统工程与分析 Software requirement analysis 软件需求分析Prototype 原型 fix-it coding 纠错式编码，修改式编码 MIS/DP（Management Information System/Data Processing） 管理信息系统/数据处理 Machine language 机器语言 assembly language 汇编语言 OOPL(Object-oriented programming language) 面向对象的程序设计语言3、选择（ ）1Which one below is not a characteristic that we associate with a true computer today? Aelectronic Bautomatic Cstored-program Dgeneral-purpose（ ）1Which one below was the first machine whose design included all the characteristics of a computer.AZ3 BMark I CENIAC DEDVAC（ ）1Which characteristic was not belong to ENIAC?_Aelectronic Bgeneral-purpose Cstored program Dcapable of performing thousands of operations per second（ ）1Which one below is the worlds first computer to become operational?_AEDSAC BBINAC CUNIVAC DEDVAC（ ）1Which one below is the first computer to operate in the United State?_AEDSAC BBINAC CUNIVAC DEDVAC（ ）1Which one below is the first commercially available computer?_AEDSAC BBINAC CUNIVAC DEDVAC（ ）1The _ was the most popular first-generation computer. AENIAC BEDSAC CUNIVAC I DIBM 650（ ）1The first minicomputer became available in 1960, and its name was_ . AUNIVAC 1 BIBM 360 CPDP-1 DPDP-8（ ）1The most popular minicomputer in third generation was_ . AUNIVAC 1 BIBM 360 CPDP-1 DPDP-8（ ）1Which one below is not a feature of modern operating systems_.Amultiprogramming Bvirtual memory Ccompatibility Dtime-sharing（ ）2When writing data to memory, the CPU first outputs the_ onto the _ bus, then outputs the _ onto the _ bus.Aaddress address data data Bdata data address addressCaddress data address data Ddata address data address （ ）2When the CPU fetches data from memory, it first outputs the memory _on its _ bus, then memory outputs the _ onto the _ bus.Aaddress address data data Bdata data address addressCaddress data address data Ddata address data address （ ）2The _ bus consists of n lines, which combine to transmit one n-bit address value. -Aaddress Bdata Ccontrol Dsystem（ ）2Which one below is not a register that belongs to the register section of a processor. Aprogram counter Binstruction register Cflash memory Dflag register（ ）5Which one below is not a system provided resource? Afiles BCPU Cmemory Dprinter（ ）5Which kind of resource can be shared in a concurrent manner? Amemory Bprinter Cdata files DCPU（ ）5Preemption of system resources is used by the OS to enforce _in their use by programs.Aefficiency Bfairness Cspeed Dutilization（ ）6_ enables the application software to interact with the computer. AMiddleware BOperating system CSystem software DShareware（ ）6Which one below is not a key element of software engineering?Amethods Bdesigns Ctools Dprocedures（ ）7Which one below is not the benefit og object-oriented programming? Ainheritance Bdata hiding Creuse Dcomplex4填空1、The characteristics that we associate with computers today are that the machine is electronic, that it has a stored program, and it is general purpose.1、the features of modern operating systems include multiprogramming, virtual memory, and time-sharing. 2、When writing data to memory, the CPU first outputs the address onto the _, then outputs the data onto the _. 2、When the CPU fetches data from memory, it first outputs the memory address on its _, then memory outputs the data onto the _.2、The bus is a collection of individual control signals.2、The is the procedure a microprocessor goes through to process an instruction2、The signal is a signal on the control bus which the microprocessor asserts when it is ready to read data from memory or an I/O device. 3、The _ of any two sets (subsets of a given set) consist of those elements that are in one of the other or in both given sets. 3、The _of any two sets consists of those elements that are in one or the other or in both given sets; The _of two sets consists of those elements that are in both given sets. 4、The INSERT operation on a stack is often called _, and the DELETE operation is often called _. 4、The INSERT operation on a queue is often called _, and the DELETE operation is often called _. 5、OS functions can be classified into resource allocation and related functions, and user interface functions.5、Two popular strategies for resource allocation are: _ and _.5、Two ways of resource sharing are: _ _ and _.6、Software is often divided into _software and _ software.6、The term_ is used to describe programming that mediates between application and system software or between two different kinds of application software.6、_ software controls the computer and enables it to run the _ software and hardware. 7、Lying between machine languages and high-level languages are _assembly languages_, which are directly related to a computers machine language.7、Object-oriented programming(OOP) is a programming language model organized around “ ” rather than “actions” and rather than logic.7、All high-level language programs must be translated into machine language so that the computer can understand it. There are two ways to do this: compile the program or the program.5翻译1、A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by compiling and correlating other forms of information.1、As more and more transistors were put on silicon chips, it eventually became possible to put an entire computer processor, called a microprocessor, on a chip. 随着越来越多的晶体管被集成到硅芯片上,将一整个计算机处理器（称为微处理器）放在一个芯片上终于成为可能。2、The CPU decodes the instruction, and controls the execution procedure. It performs some operations internally, and supplies the address, data, and control signals needed by memory and I/O devices to execute the instruction.CPU对指令译码并且控制整个执行过程。它执行一些内部操作，并且为存储器和I/O设备执行指令提供必要的地址、数据和控制信号。2、This unit generates the internal control signal that cause registers to load data, increment or clear their contents, and output their contents, as well as cause the ALU to perform the correct function.3、Given a subset of T, such as S, we may define the complement of S with respect to a universal set T to consist of precisely those elements of T which are not included in the given subset.给定T的一个子集，例如子集S，我们可以定义一个关于全集T的S的补集。其中正好包含那些不在子集S中而在T中的元素。3、The union of any two sets (subsets of a given set) consists of those elements that are in one or the other or in both given sets; the intersection of two sets consists of those elements that are in both given sets. 任何两个集合（已给定集合的若干子集）的并集包含了出现于这两个子集中某一个集合或同时出现于这两个集合中的所有元素；两个集合的交集包含了同时出现于这两个集合中的元素。4、A stack is a data type whose major attributes are determined by the rules governing the insertion and deletion of its elements.5、Static resource allocation is simple to implement, however, it could lead to suboptimal utilization because the allocation is made on the basis of perceived needs of a program, rather than its actual needs.静态资源分配易于实现，但由于它不是从程序的实际需要出发，而是根据程序预先提出的需求来做决定，所以容易导致系统利用率下降。6、Packaged software refers to programs prewritten by professional programmers that are typical