直接引语变间接引语.doc

直接引语变间接引语一、 如何变人称： “一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。(1)“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： 5She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. Miss Wang says,” I want to be a good teacher.” Miss Wang says wants to be a good teacher. (2)“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。Linda says to me, “ You work very hard.”Linda says to me work very hard. (3)“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。Tom says,”They are having fun in the playground.”Tom says are having fun in the playground.二. 如何选择引导词1 直接引语是陈述句时, 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。 He said , You are younger than I. -He said (that ) I was younger than him. (1) Mr Smith says, “ Im busy.” 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句时, 间接引语为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。 She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers? She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. (1) She asked me , Are you a good boy? (2) I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight? 附: if 和whether 一般可以互换,但 后面如果有 or或 or not 表选择时只能用 whether3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句时, 间接引语为疑问词引导的宾语从句。He asked , Where do you live? He asked me where I lived.(1) She asks me ,” What color do you like?” (2)Tom asked Alice,” When will you leave?” 4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如： Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.(1).The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” (2).The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” 5.直接引语是感叹句时,间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。 She said, What a lovely day it is ! She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 三. 如何选择语序: 陈述的语序( 引导词+ 主语+ 谓语)四. 如何选择时态:(1)当主句的动词为一般现在时态时,从句动词根据时间选择不同的时态.(2) 当主句的动词为一般过去时态时,从句动词应变为与过去相关的时态. 直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时(不变)Is am wasarewerewillwouldcancouldmaymighthavehad1)She said. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so. 3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。(3) 在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。 The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, “the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例： had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。五、如何变状语：(见英语书P99) 六、练习(1)单选1. He asked _ for the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closingC. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacherC. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke his mother that the boy was6. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont doC. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do7I dont know _ he will come tomorrow_ he comes，Ill tell you Aif；Whether Bwhether；Whether Cif；That Dif；If 8I dont know _ the day after tomorrow Awhen does he come Bhow will he come Cif he comes Dwhether hell come 9Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is？ Awhat Bhow Cwhether Dwhere 10Could you tell me _ the radio without any help？ Ahow did he mend Bwhat did he mend Chow he mended Dwhat he mended 11I want to know _ Awhom is she looking after Bwhom she is looking Cwhom is she looking Dwhom she is looking after 12Do you know where _ now？ Ahe lives Bdoes he live Che lived Ddid he live 13Do you know what time _ ？ Athe train leave Bdoes the train leave Cwill the train leave Dthe train leaves 14I dont know _ Can you tell me，please？ Ahow the two players are old Bhow old are the two players Cthe two players are how old Dhow old the two players are 15The small children dont know _ Awhat is their stockings in Bwhat is in their stockings Cwhere is their stockings in Dwhat in their stockings 16I cant understand _ Awhat does Christmas mean Bwhat Christmas does mean Cwhat mean Christmas does Dwhat Christmas means （2）将直接引语变为间接引语(A) 当主句为一般现在时，从句随时间而变时态 1 Miss Wang says ,” I go to work every day.” 2.Tony says ,” I am playing soccer in the playground now.” 3.My uncle says to me ,” Your mother will go to Beijng next week.” 4.Mr Li sa