复习冠词名词动词的相关用法.doc

中小学1对1课外辅导专家毅帆教育学科培训师辅导讲义讲义编号 学员编号年 级初二课时数2学员姓名余康平辅 导 科 目英语学科培训师张红萍学科组长签字 教务长签字课 题备课时间：2012/9/27授课时间：2012/9/28 教学目标冠词、名词及动词的用法重点、难点冠词、名词及动词的用法考点及考试要求冠词、名词及动词的用法教学内容一：定冠词the的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物。Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Open the window please. 请把窗户打开。(双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗户)3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。4.指世界上独一无二的事物。Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳、地球和月亮哪一个最大？5.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。The first truck is carrying a few baskets. 第一辆卡车装运一些筐。6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great wall长城 the Summer Palace颐和园，he Peoples Farm人民农场 the Science Museum科学馆7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。the rich富人 the poor穷人 the sick病人 the old老人，the young年轻人 the blind盲人 the dead死人8.用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。The Turners are going home on a train. 特纳夫妇在回家的火车上。定冠词the的练习1.There is a desk by the window. On _desk there is _exercise book.A. a; the B .the; the C .an; a D. the; an2.There is _h in the word honest.A. a B. the C. an D.不填3.They went to _Summer Palace yesterday and stayed there for _ _day.A. the; a B the; the C.不填; a D. the; 不填4.Its_pity you wont be back before I leave.A.the B.a C.an D.不填5.She is going to play_piano at the concert this evening.A.a B.an C.the D.不填6.Most boys like playing_football.A.a B.an C.the D.不填7.Lets go and watch the children play_chess.A.a B.an C.the D.不填8._elephant is bigger than_ horse A.不填; 不填 B.an; aC.An; aD.The; a注意：不用冠词的情况1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。Im going to England next week for a holiday.下周我将要去英国度假。2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词my, your, his, her等；指示代词this/ these, that/those; 不定代词some, any等及所有格限制时。The letter is in her pocket. 信在她的衣袋里。3.在星期、月份、季节、节日前。The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. 到中国来的最好时间是春季或秋季。Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teachers Day. 今天是九月十日，星期四，教师节。注意 如果月份、季节等被一个限定性定语修饰，则要加定冠词。He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。4.在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前。I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 我认为汉语比其它学科更普及。Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗？We are going to play football. 我们去踢足球。注意I can see a football.(指足球，并非“球类运动”)不定冠词的用法：1.Henry is fond of playing_piano while Alice is interested in listening to _ music.A.不填; .theB.the ; 不填C.the; theD.不填; 不填2.Spring is_best season of the year. Autumn is_busy season.A.a; a B.the; the C.a; the D.the; a3.At last we got to_place where Chairman Mao had once lived.A.a B.an C.不填 D.the4.Birds can fly high in_sky.A.不填 B.the C.a D.an5.The workers in that factory are paid by_hour.A.a B.an C.the D.不填6.He bought_dictionary_last week.A.the; theB.a; 不填C.a; theD.the; a7.They always have_breakfast in the factoryA.a B.an C.the D.不填8.Tom is_8-year-old boy.A.a B.an C.the D.不填二：可数名词和不可数名词：英语可数名词一般是指普通名词中人或物的个体，能与不定冠词a, an连用并且能够计数的名词，以及部分人或物的总称。如：a student,twostudents,acar,fourcars.不可数名词通常是指不能够计数的人或物，如：water,milk,bread,chocolate,juice.而可数名词在使用中有单数形式和复数形式两种。单数、复数之间的转化一般有以下几种形式：（1） 一般大多数的可数名词直接在词尾加“s”。例如：bike-bikes,desk-desks,table-tables.(2)以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的可数名词，在词尾加“es”,如：dressdresses,box-boxes,watchwatches,classclasses.(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的可数名词把y变i，再在词尾加“es”,例如：strawberrystrawberries,familyfamilies.(4)以字母f或fe结尾的可数名词先改f或fe为v，再在词尾加“es”。如：knifeknivesshelfshelves.(5)不规则变化的复数形式。如：footfeet,womanwomen,manmen.(6)单、复数同形、不变化。如：sheepsheep,fishfish. （7）很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。如： fruitfruits foodfoods fishfishes hairhairs 不可数名词，通常只有一种形式，没有单复数的变化，我们可以在不可数名词前用some,much,al_otof,alittle等词或词组表示数量的多少，如：somemilk,somejuice,somebread,alittlewater,muchmeat等。另外，我们也可以用一些量词词组来表示更具体的数量，如：acartonofmilk,apieceofbread,fourbottlesofjuice.注意：抽象名词、物质名词、专有名词及液体名词一般是不可数的有少数名词既可用作不可数名词，又可用作可数名词，但意义有所不同。物质名词表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物，物质名词是不可数名词，一般只有单数形式ice, rain, snow, sun, wind, bread, meat, juice, sugar, food, rice, water, coffee, tea, milk, jam, chocolate, fruit, paper, hair，但表示不同类别时，可用复数。抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念，一般为不可数名词work (工作), help (帮助), love (爱), hope (希望), weather (天气) 等抽象名词也是不可数名词。但有些抽象为可数名词还有像hope-hopes希望 idea-ideas想法 job-jobs工作 day-days日，抽象名词表示具体事例时，也可用复数 worry-worries 忧愁 need-needs 需要 dislike-dislikes 厌恶 joy-joys 欢乐 。注意：平时要注意积累不规则变化的词汇。用所给名词的适当形式填空： 1.Howmany_(sheep)arethereonthehill? 2.Thereissome_(food)inthebasket. 3.Thebabyhasonlytwo_(tooth)now. 4.Thereisalotof_(water)inthebottle. 5.Therearefive_(people)inhisfamily. 6.Letstake_(photo),OK? 7.Ihavelotsof_(tomato)here. 8.The_(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow. 9.The_(child)areplayinggames ontheplaygroundnow. 10.Their_(dictionary)looknew. 三：英语动词有五种基本形式。它们是动词原形、第三人称单数现在时（简称单三）、过去式、现在分词和过去分词。这五种形式和助动词一起构成英语的各种时态和语态等。例：原形第三人称单数过去式现在分词过去分词workworksworkedworkingworkedwritewritedwrotewritingwrittenhave hashadhad had do does did doing did（一）动词第三人称单数词尾变化有三种形式。(1)一般动词在词尾加-s，-s在清辅音后读s，在浊辅音或元音后读zds读dz，ts读ts。如：helphelpshelps，knowknowsnEuz，getgetsgets，readreadsri:dz(2)以字母s，x，ch，sh或有些以o结尾的动词加-es，-es读iz。如：guessguesses fixfixes， teachteaches washwashes注意：gogoes dodoes(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es，-ies读iz。如：carrycarrieskriz，flyfliesflaiz注：在playplayspleiz，saysayssez中，字母y前为元音字母，第三人称单数形式直接在动词后面加-s。(4)特殊词例外。如：beis，havehas以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是s，z时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s” ，一起读做iz。 如： closecloses iz用词的适当形式填空：1. What time_ his father_(do) the work?2. He _(get) up at five oclock.3._ you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What _ ( do ) he usually _( do ) after school?5. Tom _ ( study ) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.6. Kitty sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she _( watch ) TV with her parents.8. _ Mike_( read ) English every day?9. How many lessons_ your classmates_( have ) on Monday?10. We often_ ( play ) football in the playground.（二）规则动词过去式的构成：（1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ed.结尾是e 的动词直接加-d.例如:look looked，play played，live lived，hope hoped（2）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed. 例如：stop stopped，plan planned，trip tripped （3）结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-ed. 例如:study studied，carry carried （4）词尾-ed的读音i. 在浊辅音和元音后面读为/ d / .例如:called，moved ii. 在浊辅音后面读为/ t / . 例如：finished ,helped iii. 在/ t / , / d /音后面读为/ id / . 例如：wanted ,shouted(5)不规则动词过去式常见的不规则动词的过去式有:am/is was, are were, go went, have had, do did, get got come came, say said, see saw put put, eat ate, take took等用所给动词的适当形式填空： 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. （三）动词- ing形式的构成：（1）一般在动词末尾加-ing. 例如:go going，ask asking（2）以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing. 例如:write writing，close closing，take taking（3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加-ing. 例如：get getting，sit sitting，put putting，run running，begin beginning（4）以ie结尾的，把ie变y在加ing如diedying, lielying现在分词练习：1. He is _on the playground A. lie B. lying C. ling D. lieing2. _a post office, I stopped_ some stamps. A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy3. _a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.4.Where is my passport? I remember_it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember_ it with you all the time.A. to put；to take B. putting；takingC. putting；to takeD. to put；taking 5.It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car.A. repairing B. repairC. to repairD. repaired6. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us.A. to wait B. w