阅读理解辅导讲义教师版.doc

高峰教育（上海金山大区） 学员姓名： 年级： 在 读 学 校： 英语学科讲义课 题阅读专题（一）阅读理解1（Reading comprehension）教学内容 作为英语学习最重要的基本技能之一阅读理解，在中小学学习以及中高考中具有举足轻重的地位。该题型是历来英语考试的重心，在试卷中所占的比例越来越大。它既考查学生对短文的关键词句、具体细节的理解，又考察学生对短文的中心思想、主旨大意及作者的写作意图等方面的理解。因此，为了在考试中取得好成绩，考生应该了解命题特点及考题内容对语言知识和能力的要求，并采用行之有效的训练方法和应试策略。 阅读理解的考查要求1. 根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义2. 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系3. 找出文章主题，理解故事情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局4. 能读懂常见的阅读体裁的材料5. 能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息6. 能利用词典等工具书进行学习7. 除教材外，增加课外阅读量 命题特点1. 阅读文章35篇，阅读总量1000词左右2. 总题量20题左右，总分值约占卷面总分的1/33. 所选文章难度与该学年课文难度接近4. 语篇体裁包括记叙文、描写文、说明文和议论文等5. 题材广泛，内容涉及科普、社会、地理、文化、政治、经济、人物、故事、新闻、广告等 阅读理解解题的两种基本方法1跳读和略读：跳过无关紧要的信息，抓住重要信息的速读方法抓住主题句及段落要点2浏览和查阅：有目的地寻找材料中的信息，如人名、地名、时间或一个关键词语，找到后再进行局部细读，为了有效浏览，必须仔细审题，带着问题迅速扫视文章。 阅读理解题的一般解题步骤1. 快速阅读全文。掌握大意，了解写作意图2. 浏览文章后面的问题3. 带着问题再次浏览文章4. 判断并选择正确答案5. 检查答案是否正确 阅读理解的几种特殊解题方法1. 猜测。猜测生词意思，遇到生词时，直接跳过，不要有过多的思考，根据上下文去猜测生词含义2. 先易后难。有点老生常谈，但是我们拘泥于一道题而止步不前，就会因小失大，浪费做题及检查时间3. 选择含有文中出现频率较高的词句的选项，虽然铤而走险，但是选对的几率还是比较高的4. “两不”原则。与常理违背的选项不选，语气过于绝对的选项不选 阅读理解考点的分类解析1. 常见的命题形式 Whats the main idea/topic/subject/purpose of the passage? The passage is mainly about_ The article tells us that _ The purpose of this passage is _ What is the main point the writer makes in the passage? What is the writers main purpose of writing this passage? The writer wrote the story /passage in order to _ In the passage,the writer wants to tell us that_ The suitable title for this passage would be _ The best title for this passage is _ Which of the following words can be used to describe the writer;s attitude? The first paragraph is mainly about the _ What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? 阅读理解实例分析AHappiness is for everyone. You dont need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can see that happiness is always around you.Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also you are very happy, because you have something else that cant be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋转的)door. When it does, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.1. Those who have big houses may often feel _.A. happy B. lonely C. free D. excited2. When you fall down in a PE class, both your teacher and your classmates will _.A. laugh at you B. play jokes on youC. quarrel with you D. help you up3. What will your friends say to you when you make great progress? A. Oh, so do I. B. Congratulations. C. Good luck. D. Its just so-so.4. Which idea is NOT RIGHT according to the passage?A. People who have cars would never like to walk in the open air.B. You can get help from others when you make mistakes.C. You can still be a happy person even if you have little money.D. Happiness is always around you though difficulties come towards you.5. Which of the following is this passage about?A. Bad luck. B. Good luck. C. Happiness. D. Life.透析：1. B。这是一个考查细节和事实的题目。文章中有明确的叙述：Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely. 所问问题和原文的叙述完全一样。2. D。这也是一个考查细节和事实的题目。在所给文章中可以找到这样地叙述：When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you. 根据这一叙述，我们可以判断：当你在体育课上摔倒时，你的老师和同学们肯定会帮你站起来的。3. B。这一道阅读理解题同样是考查事实和细节的题目。在阅读文章里我们也能找到关于这问题的叙述：when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you.4. A。这是一道判断题目。阅读文章里明确叙述：those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.阅读理解题的A项说，有车的人永远不愿在室外走，与文章所讲完全不同，因此是不对的。5. C。这是一道考查文章主题的题目。这篇文章共有三段。第一段的主题句是：Happiness is for everyone. 第二段的主题句是：In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. 第三段的主题句是：Happiness is not the same as money. 三段的主题都是围绕happiness展开的，所以正确答案是happiness。BApril 1st is a day on which,in some countries,people try to play tricks on others.If one succeeds in tricking somebody,one laughs and says,April fool!and then the person who has been tricked usually laughs too. One April 1st,a country bus was going along a winding road when it slowed down and stopped.The driver anxiously turned switches and pressed buttons,but nothing happened.Then he turned to the passengers with a worried look on his face and said,This poor bus is getting old.It is not going as well as it used to.Theres only one thing to do if we want to get home today.I shall count three,and on the wordthree,I want you all to learn forward suddenly as you can.That should get the bus started again,but if it does not ,I am afraid there is nothing else I can do.Now,all of you lean back as far as you can in your seats and get ready. The passengers all pressed back against their seats and waited anxiously. The driver turned to the bus front and asked,Are you read? The passengers hardly had enough breath to answer.Yes One!Two!Three!counted the driver.The passengers all swung forward suddenly and the bus started up a great rate. The passengers breathed more easily and began to smile.But their smiles turned to a surprised and then a delighted laugher when the driver merrily cried,April fool.Choose a proper title for this passage.A.April Fool B.A Bus out of Order C.A Fairy Tale of a Country Bus D.The Driver and His Passengers透析：本文第一段中第一个句子便是主题句：April 1st is a day on which,in some countries,people try to play tricks on others.第二段则讲述的是在愚人节这天发生的一件事情，一辆车上的乘客受到了司机的愚弄，因此整篇文章还是以April Fool为标题的。CWhen might you need to give blood for a personality test?The answer is that you need to do so when you ask for a job.Some people believed that your blood group hides no sccrets.It shows the “real you”.And the owners of certain blood groups might be particularly good or bad at certain tasks.This is the very reason why you could be asked to offer your blood group before being given a job. The new idea was carried out first in Japan and now it has been brought over to other parts of the world.One important business company in Japan is quite special about its needs,“For our office members,we must have 30 percent of Group A and 15 percent of AB,25 percent of O and 30 percent of B.” Do you happen to know your own blood group?It seems that if you belong to blood group O,you get things done and sell the goods well.Blood group A are the thinkers,while blood group B are highly creative.And if you have problem,ask the ABs to solve them.So ,if you visited the Japanese company,you would find out the O types selling goods and A types keeping order in the office.This passage is mainly about _A the origin of good groups B.the effect of the blood group on personalityC.the secrets of blood groups D.the new skill of hiring people透析：本文首句：When might you need to give blood for a personality（个性） test?提示本文要围绕“血型”和“个性测试”而展开。接着，通过中间两段的陈述，特别是最后一段中最为重要的结论性描述：It seems that if you belong to blood group O,you get things done and sell the goods well.Blood group A are the thinkers,while blood group B are highly creative.And if you have problem,ask the ABs to solve them.可以看出，“不同血型形成不同的个性和不同的办事能力”因此，可以判定选B“血型对人的个性的影响”是这篇文章的中心思想。DA four-year-old girl is lying in the arms of a doctor. She has just lost her mother. Her pink clothes are full of blood and her eyes look at something only she can see.Every day we see pictures like this on our televisions. We see Iraqi （伊拉克的）children begging for food and water from American and British soldiers as they move through towns and cities towards the capital, Baghdad（巴格达）。 We see these children following parents, carrying bags of almost the same size as their small bodies as they escape from their homes in Baghdad.They show just some of the young lives that have been turned upside down by ongoing war and the terrible price paid by Iraqi children.“Dad, why are the Americans fighting against us? Are we going to be killed? ”asks the son of Abu Singar, an Iraqi engineer. Abu finds it hard to explain this war to his eight-year-old son.He tries to make him feel safe by saying, “The bombs（炸弹）are far away from us. The Americans are fighting the soldiers. Were going to be all right. ”Even though Abu knows it isnt always true, little else can be done. In Baghdad, parents give their children sleeping p