状语从句(10).doc..doc

状语从句状语从句主要有表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式等类型的从句。他们分别由不同的从属连词或起从属连词作用的词或短语来引导。掌握状语从句主要掌握引导各类状语从句的连词与短语。时间状语从句 主要关联词：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, (ever) since, until, till, once, as soon as, hardly/scarcely barelywhen/before, no soonerthan, the first time, the next time, every/each time, by the time, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment(that), the instant(that), the minute, etc. 1. She left school when she was eleven.她在11岁时辍学。2. What were you doing while he was getting the drinks? 他取饮料的时候你在做什么？谈到两个同时进行的，延续时间较长的动作时，一般用while, 动词可以是过去进行时或简单过去时。3. I had hardly sat down when/before he stepped in. 我刚坐下，他就进来了。=Hardly had I sat down when/before he stepped in.4. We had no sooner set out than a storm broke. 我们刚一出发，就下起了暴雨。= No sooner had we set out than a storm broke.5. I havent seen him (ever) since he left school. 他从学校毕业以后我一直没有见到过他。（since引出的从句，从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时）6. When you come tomorrow, Ill tell you about it. (在时间状语从中，用一般现在时表示将来的情况)地点状语从句主要关联词：where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc.1. Put it where we can see it.把它放在我们能看见的地方。2. Where they went, they were warmly welcomed.他们所到之处都受到了热烈欢迎.3. Wherever there is injustice, we try to help.凡有不公正的地地方，我们都竭力相助。原因状语从句主要关联词：because, as, since, now (that), in that, seeing (that), considering (that), for the reason that, by reason that, not that but that, etc.1. He got the job because he was the best candidate. 他得到了那份工作，因为他是最佳人选。2. As rain has fallen, the air is cooler. 由于下了雨，空气比较凉爽了。3. Now that you mention it, I do remember the incident.经你一提， 我想起那件事来了。4. Seeing (that)/Considering (that) hes ill, hes unlikely to come.他病了，不可能会来。5. I prefer his plan to yours in that I think his is more practical. 我看他的计划比你的好， 因为我觉得他的计划更实际。目的状语从句主要关联词：so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case, so that, etc.1. He left early in order that he might arrive on time. 他早早动身好准时赶到。(主句动词若为现在时，从句中通常用情态动词can, may或shall ,will。主句动词若为过去时，从句中通常用情态动词could, might 或 should, will。2. Ill wash this shirt so that you can wear tomorrow. 我来把这件衬衫洗了，你明天好穿。（ so that 也可引出结果状语从句，注意它们在用法上的一些区别: 作目的状语从句时通常要用can, could, may, might或should, would等情态动词，作结果状语从句多不用情态动词。)3. We spoke in whispers for fear that we might wake Father. 我们轻声谈话，生怕吵醒父亲。for fear that引导的从句表示反面的目的，有“惟恐， 以免”等意思，从句中常用may, might或should等情态动词。从句中的that 有时可省略。4. He ran away lest he might be caught.他怕被抓住而逃跑了。(在书面语中，可用lest表示类似的意思，但这一用法较正式而且已显得陈旧。)5. He was scared lest (that) he should fail his exam. (他惶恐不安，生怕考试不及格.)在afraid, anxious, scared, worried等词后，有时可用lest来替代that, 这种用法较正式。结果状语从句主要关联词：so, sothat, suchthat, with the result that, etc.1. She was so angry that she couldnt speak. 她气得说不出话来。2. Jack has so many friends that he cant remember all of their names. 杰克有那么多朋友，他都记不全他们的名字了。3. So tired was I that I could hardly keep my eyes open. 我累得几乎睁不开眼睛。1) 通常so后接一个形容词或副词，再接that从句，that有时可以省略。2) sothat结构中，so后面一般不跟名词，但在so many, so much, so little 等短语后可以接名词。(例2)3) 为了加强语气，可将so及形容词或副词转移到句首，此时其后的主语和动词要倒装。4. It was such a foggy day (that) we could hardly see the road.那天雾特别大，我们几乎看不清路面。5. Such was the force of the explosion that all windows were broken. 爆炸的威力这么大，所有的窗户都被震碎了。(that与such连用引出结果状语从句时,such后通常接名词短语。如果名词带有不定冠词或形容词，它们应置于such之后。6. It was very cold, so that the river froze.天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。so that引出的结果状语从句只能位于主语之后，多用逗号与主句分开。条件状语从句主要关联词：if, unless, as/so long as, provided (that), on condition that, suppose/supposing (that), if only, in case, etc. 1. Theyll be delighted if you go and see them. 要是你去看望他们，他们会高兴的。2. Unless you try, youll never succeed.你若不常试，就决不会成功。3. Suppose/Supposing(that) the trains late, what shall we do?假如火车晚点，我们怎么办？4. Only if the red light comes on is there any danger ahead. 只要红灯一亮，就表示前方有险情。5. You should insure your house in case theres a fire.你应当给房子保险，以防发生火灾。1) 与时间状语从句一样，涉及将来的情况时，if 从句的动词要用一般现在时。2) provided 与providing表示在满足指定条件下才可以做某事。provided比providing更常用，从句中的that可省略。让步状语从句主要关联词：although, though, as, while, whereas, even if, even though, no matter how/when/where, etc.1. Although he is poor, he is honest.虽然他穷，他却诚实。2. Angry as he was, he had to smile.他虽然愤怒，但还得面带微笑。3. Child as he is, he knows a lot of things.他虽是个孩子，知道的东西可不少。4. Try as we might, we could not make him change his mind. 尽管我们做了多少努力，也未能使他改变主意。5. Dont open the door, no matter who comes.不管谁来都别开门。注意：1) 用了although和though从句后，主句前从来不带but或yet.2) 用了even though 和 even if从句后，主句前不能带but或yet, 不过主句中可以有still.3) 在正式文体中，可以用带as的倒装结构表示让步意义，它表示强烈的对照。（补语 + as + 代词和系动词。副词 + as + 代词和行为动词。动词 + as + 主语和情态动词。4. no matter 后接wh-词可替代however, whatever, whichever等，引导让步状语从句，意思不变。比较状语从句主要关联词：asas, soas, than, etc.1. He is more diligent than I have ever imagined. 他比我想象的更勤奋。2. Sarah is shorter than me ( =than I am) 莎拉的个子比我矮。3. The village gardens are as good as they used to be. 村子里的花园和过去一样的好。4. Our classroom is not so/as big as yours.我们的教室没有你们的教室大。方式状语从句主要关联词：as, just as, as if, as though, the way, etc.1. Do as I say and sit down. 照我说的做，坐下。2. Please pronounce the word the way she does. 请照她那样，读出这个单词。3. He acts as though she did not exist.他自行其是，好像她不存在似的。4. Ive loved you as if you were my son.我一直像待我的儿子那样待你。5. She felt as though she had a fever.她感觉自己像在发烧。注意：1）as if 与as though 同义，as though 显得较正式。2） 如果主句动词是现在时，从句动词通常用过去时。3）如果主句动词为过去时，从句动词就没有什么特殊。4）在正式文体里，从句动词be无论在何种情况都有were.状语从句综合练习1. We sent in three applications _ we obtained permission to set up an experimental workshop.A. after B. since C. before D. until2. Shed be pretty _ so much make-up.A. unless she wore B. if she didnt wearC. in case she wore D. supposing she wore3. American cars are generally too large for the Japanese market, _ Japanese cars are popular in the US.A. just as B. given thatC. wherever D. whereas4. Almost all London is built of bricks, with the exception of some public building , _ stone is scarce and dear in England.A. for B. in thatC. now that D. seeing that5. You can either sow wheat in rows or broadcast it. _ , it is a good thing to break up soil after seeding.A. Whatever you do B. Whichever you doC. No matter what you do D. No matter how you do6. Youll probably recognize these two designs _ you see them- theyre very popular.A. as B. since C. while D. when 7. We arrived at Birmingham with five minutes to go _ the last train left.A. after B. beforeC. by the time D. while8.The weather forecast is not for cooler weather; _ , it is expected to be warmer.A. if anybody B. if anyC. if anywhere D. if anything9. He never says a word _ he feels hes being threatened in some way.A. unless B. as thoughC. supposing D. providing 10. There are, _ you dont mind me saying so, several problems with this idea of ours.A. unless B. in caseC. if D. because11. Suddenly it began to rain heavily,_ it was almost impossible to carry on driving.A. now that B. so thatC. even if D. just as12. _ , you will need four times as many teaspoonfuls as before.A. No matter whatever brand you useB. What brand you useC. No matter what brand you useD. Whatever brand do you use13. All we have to do is explain the problem to her, _ , of course, that shes prepared to listen.A. assuming B. even ifC. unless D. while14. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard voices coming from the outside.A. immediately B. the momentC. when D. while15. _ you are not watching , would you mind if I switched the television off?A. As long as B. Only ifC. Providing that D. In that16. The latest round of consumer-spending news was good - _ stocks had another bubbling day yesterday.A. such good, in the markets eyes, thatB. so good, in the markets eyes, thatC. very good, in the markets eyes, thatD. too good, in the markets eyes, that17. He says he hasnt got any money _in fact hes got thousands of dollars in his account.A. as B. since C. while D. for18. Computers are _ much part of everyones lives now that its difficult to imagine what people would do without them.A. such B. so C. very D. as19. She had been taught to behave _ her parents would have as quiet a life as possible.A. in a way so that B. in a way such that C. in such a way so D. in such a way that 20. _ oil is an irreplaceable natural resources, we must do whatever we can in order to conserve it.A. Even though B. Provided thatC. Inasmuch as D. Only if21. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave _ something occurred which attracted my attention.A. unless B. until C. when D. while22. We hadnt met for twenty years, But I recognized her _ I saw her.A. for the moment B. the moment whenC. at the moment when D. the moment23. He will surely finish the job on time _ hes left to do it in his own way.A. in that B. so long asC. in case D. as far as24. These two areas are similar _ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A. to that B. besides thatC. in that D. except that25. There was such a long line at the exhibition _ we had to wait for about half an hour.A. as B. that C. so D. hence26. Americans eat _ as they actually need every day.A. twice as much proteinB. twice protein as much twiceC. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much27. _ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled the