翻译实践 (教师用：从句子到短文) (2).doc

长句的译法A.切断1.On the right hand was another glass stagebox / containing Army officers / who reported the action of our anti-aircraft batteries, / of which at this time in the command there were two hundred. 右边是另外一个玻璃座箱，里面是陆军军官。他们负责报告我们高射炮队的作战情况。那时侯，我们的高射炮队有二百个是隶属于空军司令部的。2.On April 21,he assured Graham B.Steenhoven, who ,as President of the U.S. Table Tennis Association, had led the delegation to China, that he certainly would cooperate / with the projected visit of the Chinese team to the United States. 四月二十一日，他对率领乒乓球代表团访华的美国乒乓球协会主席格雷厄姆 斯蒂霍文保证，对于预定的中国乒乓球队访美一事，他一定给予合作。3.But one White House aide said the administration had all but abandoned hope of resuming the political talks in Jerusalem / which were suspended when Sadat with drew his delegation three weeks ago. 但有一位白宫助理人员说，政府几乎已放弃了在耶路撒冷恢复政治谈判的希望。这次谈判是两个星期以前由于萨达特撤出谈判代表团而宣告中断的。4.One month later / on august 15 / Nixon in effect devalued the dollar / in a surprise move / to strengthen the US trading position, / knowing his decision would have a disastrous effect on the Japanese yen and the entire Japanese economy. 一个月以后，也就是八月十五日，尼克松采取突然行动，在实际上把美圆贬值，以加强美国的贸易竞争力，尽管他明知这个决定对整个日本经济带来灾难性的影响。（汉语关联词，让步）5.Chiang,having failed to effect military unity, should be told that he had forfeited any claim, to exclusive support. 既然蒋未能做到军事统一，我们就应当告诉他，他已没权利要求只支持他一个人。（条件）6.In rhetoric and, to lesser but still important degree, in fact, the parties of the west declared their independence from Moscow, leaving the world Communist Movement more divided than ever before. 西欧各国在口头上宣布，同时也是在事实上（但其重尽管程度上要差些，要性却一点也不差）摆脱莫斯科而独立，从而使世界共产主义运动更进一步陷于分裂。（后果）7.As the West sleepwalks into a decade / in which moral confidence and steadfastness will increasingly needed / and decreasingly found, / and a cry for leadership issues from millions/who probably would not recognize it / if they saw it, / and probably reject it / if they did, John Paul II becomes more fascinating.(1) 当西方恍恍惚惚进入八十年代的时候，人的道德、信念和坚韧的精神日益沉沦，而获得这一切的希望有日趋渺茫。千百万人迫切要求加强“领导”，而当胜任的领导出现的时候，他们却有可能视而不见，或者见到了又加以屏弃。约翰 保罗二世之所以在西方变得越发具有魅力。其原因盖出于此。8.The problem of possible genetic damage to human populations from radiation exposures, including those resulting from the fallout from testing of atomic weapons, has quite properly claimed much popular attention in recent years. 人类由于面临辐射威胁，包括原子武器实验产生的放射形散落物所造成的辐射威胁在内，因此很可能遭到基因损伤，这一问题近年来已经理所当然地引起了人们的广泛重视。9.Captured documents which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prisoner-of-war reports that we have obtained in recent months led us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially. 我们已经从这个走廊地带渗透近来的个别人身上缴获了一些文件，近几个月又从战俘那里得到了各种口供，这些使我们相信渗透的规模已大幅度地扩展。10.The contrast between this knowledge and understanding of Kissingers tactics and this uncertainty about his strategy is characteristic of most of what is written and said, not just about his role in Middle East but about a whole range of Kissingers ventures, including the most important he has undertaken. 人们一方面对基辛格的策略有这样的认识和了解，另一方面对他的战略却有这样琢磨不透，基辛格的大部分文章和言论的特点就是这样；这些文章和言论不仅谈到他在中东所起到的作用，而且谈到他的全部活动，包括他从事过的最重要的活动。11.The following March, Henry was fifty-five years old, due for retirement, and had been offered an outside job which, with his pension, would give him nearly twice his secretarys salary. 翌年三月，亨利已经五十五岁，该退休了，但外面已经有人聘他担任别的工作，新职的待遇加上养老金要比他当秘书的薪水多一倍。12.He poured into his writing all the pain of his life and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the people became the masters of their fate. 他在作品里倾诉了自己一生的痛苦和这种痛苦给他带来的一种信念，认为如果人民成为自己命运的主人，世界就会变得美好。13.Once in the sunlit street, with laborers tramping by in either direction, the horse-cars passing crowded to the rails with the small clerks and floor help in the great wholesale houses, and men and women generally coming out of doors and passing about the neighborhood, Carrie felt slightly reassured.(2) 在阳光满地的街道上，工人们来来往往；马拉街车弛过，车上挨栏杆挤满了大商店的小职员和杂役；男男女女都走出门来，在临近的地方走动。嘉莉走到这条街上，觉得稍微安心了些。14.There are several reasons why he (Kissinger) no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.(3) 全世界报界曾经把他渲染成魔术师一般的任务，他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象，因为他自己有一种自大狂的倾向。现在他不再象是这种任务了，这里有几个原因。B（拆单词）1.She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 她自夸她高超的烹调技艺，这是情有可原的。2.An outsiders success could even curiously help the two parties to get the agreement they want. 说来奇怪，一个局外人取得的成功竟能促使双方达成一项他们所希望取得的协议。 3.That is a NATO matter and any comment on it should appropriately come from NATO. 这是北约组织的问题，关于这个问题的任何意见都应当由北约组织发表，这才是适宜的.4.American prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels and write censored letters. 允许美国俘虏接受红十字会的食品包裹，也允许他们写信，不过信要经过检查。5.I am fully persuaded that I am worthy inconceivably more to hang than for any other purpose.人们简直难以想象，我这人一无是处，更应该被绞死。我坚信这一点。6.Jordan can not politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference. 约旦若拒绝接受阿拉伯外长会议的邀请，它在礼貌上也说不过去（这是不礼貌的）。7.Pressing the chief Whip, he asked whether they had yet been told the whole truth? Heath silently and eloquently turned away. 有一次，他逼着这位会议中的政党首脑，追问他是否已经向人们讲了全部事实真相，希斯默默无言地走开了，但这意味着什麽是再清楚也没有了。8.Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof. 司法部门如果对此不闻不问，那就是没有尽到责任。9.Some men have been virtuous blindly, others have speculated fantastically, and others have been shrewd to bad purposes.(3) 有些人品行端正，却不推究为什麽要这样做；有些人深思熟虑，但却脱离现实；有些人非常精明，但却把精明用到了邪道上去。10.Sometimes to his delight, he was allowed to take short trips outside Charleston Harbor. 有时他获准到查尔斯港以外去走动走动，对此他很高兴。C.（拆词组）1.At the opening banquet, Nixon seemed to have paraphrased his hosts position by saying: “There are of course some who believe that the mere act of saying statement of principles or a diploma conference will bring lasted peace. This is native.”尼克松在欢迎宴会上说：“当然，有些人认为只要发一项原则声明或举行一次外交会议就能带来持久的和平。这种想法是天真的。”尼克松的这番话似乎是在阐述东道国的立场。2.One month after this message was delivered Nassar, the Cuban missile crisis burst upon a frightened world.在这几项转达给纳赛尔一个月之后，古巴的导弹危机突然爆发，整个世界为之震惊。3.Jefferson believed that governments are ,at best, necessary evil.杰弗逊认为有政府终归是坏事，至多只能说这种坏事还是有所必要的。4.It sound like a fairy tale-but it was all too brutally real.这听起来好像是童话故事，但它却是真人真事，不相信也无济于事。5.What seemed to concern many people as much as the squandered money and the deaths of young men for a cause in which they did not believe was the feeling that the war was doing something terrible to fabric of society forcing the nation and its sons to betray the very ideals upon which the country had been founded.许多人觉得这场战争正在使社会的结构受到可怕的损害，迫使这个国家和他的子民（人民）背叛构成立国基础的理想。这种情况似乎同花钱花得象流水、青年为了自己不信仰的事业白白送命一样使他们感到不安。D.（拆从句） 1.This land, which once barred the way of weary travelers, now has become a land for winter and summer vacations, a land of magic and wonder.这个地方现在已经成了冬夏两季的休假胜地，风光景物蔚为奇观，而过去，筋疲力尽的旅游者却只能到此止步（正反反正译法）。2.He wanted changes, and those changes would benefit not the rich to whose schools he had gone and in whose circles he had moved, but the oppressed.他（指罗斯福）要进行变革，但他的变革却不打算造福于有钱人，而是要造福于受压迫者，尽管他本人出身与贵族学校，跻身与上层社会。3.The fact that the new alliance was locally generated and sustained should be strong inducement to the US whose interests already dictate such support.这个新联盟是在当地形成的，并且得到当地支持，这对美国应当会有很大的吸引力。况且美国的利益要求支持这个联盟。4.One of the standard professional criticisms of Hollingshead and Redlich is that their figures are for treated illness ( those who actually got to a doctor or clinic) and do not indicate the “ true prevalence ”of mental illness in the population.同行专家对霍林舍德和雷德利奇的一条普遍意见是，他们提出的数字只统计了经过治疗的患者，不能说明居民中精神疾病的“真实情况”。所谓经过治疗的患者是确实找过医生或者去诊所看过病的人。5.She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.她对孩子很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 (在分译时视情况加关联词）6.The British are preparing to have another US British-French look at the Far Eastern situation where trouble with the South Korean President have blocked a truce. 英国正准备要求美、英、法对远东再进行一次研究，因为与南朝鲜总统的纠纷已阻挠了停战的实现。7.When the ideas of a scientist are expressed in simple mathematical form, new relationship and new channels of investigation often suggest themselves which would be lost in words if mathematics were not used.一个科学家在用简单的数字形式表达他的概念时，研究工作往往会凸显新的关系和新的途径；这种新关系和新途径如果不用数学表达，用文字是表达不出来的。E. (逆序法 倒译 ) 1.The time has long passed when the enemies of communism sought comfort in the thought that our economic plans were unrealistic , and unworkable. 过去, 共产主义的敌人曾认为我们的经济计划是不现实的,行不通的,他们藉此聊以自慰。这样的岁月早已一去不复返了。 2.They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend divine worship. 他以往做礼拜的时候，总是坐在一个固定的座位，那天他坐到了另外一个位置上，他们注意到了这一点。 3.No longer are“separate but equal”schools regarded as being permitted under the “equal protection of the laws” provision of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution. 根据第十四条宪法修正案关于“法律上受公平保护”的条款，所谓“分离但是平等”的学校，已不再视为合法。 4.So it was that the farm poor were caught in their past, the double victims of technology: exile from their home by advances in agricultural machinery, unfitted for life in the city because of the consequences of industrial mechanization. 农民由于农业机器日益用于生产而被迫离开家园；又由于工业机械化的结果，他们在城市里也无以为生。农村中的贫困人口就这样成了技术发展的双重牺牲品，又陷入了往日的困境。 5.Such is a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers. 许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资收入，以换取成为白领（工人）的社会地位，这在西方是人之常情。 6.We learn that sodium or any of its compounds produces a spectrum having a bright yellow double line by noticing that there is no such line in the spectrum of light when sodium is not present, but that if the smallest quantity of sodium be thrown into the flame or other sources of light, the bright yellow line instantly appears. 这句话分为三个层次： (1)We learn.double line (2)by noticing that.not present (3)but that if.appears. 译文： 若将少量钠投入火焰或其他光源，在光谱中便立即出现一道光亮的黄色双线，没有钠时，光谱中就不复出现这种双线。由此可知，钠或钠的化合物都能产生带有光亮的黄色双线的光谱。 7.He had returned the previous evening /from a tour of the countryside, /and wanted to go through the papers t/hat had accumulated in his absence/ before visiting hours started. 他下乡去视察了一回，在他下乡期间积压了一些公文；昨天傍晚他刚回来，现在他要在会客时间开始之前，把这些公文翻阅一下。 or: 他昨天傍晚从乡下视察回来，他要在会客时间开始之前把下乡期间积压的公文翻阅一下。 8.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old. 他三岁丧父，所以记不得他的父亲。 9.Einstein once turned down an offer of $1,000 a minute to speak on the radio. 有一次，电台请爱因斯坦作广播讲演，每分钟的报酬是一千美圆，但他拒绝了。 10.Do not allow yourselves to be misled by the common notion that a hypothesis is untrustworthy simply because it is a hypothesis. 一般总是认为，正因为假设只是个假设，所以是不可靠的。大家不要轻信这种看法。 11.And yet this is only a part, and probably a relatively minor part, of the more serious and vastly greater problem of the maintenance of the genetic health of the human species. 保护人类基因是个更需要认真对待的、异常重大的问题，但上述只不过是问题的一个方面，而且相对来说还是很次要的一个方面。F（插入） 插入法就是利用破折号、括号将句子的一部分插入译句中，破折号用来表示语气中断、转折或对某一部分进行解释。括号表示文章中注释的部分，也可用于补充说明或交代某一事实或引语的出处。1.The misery of the German people, their lives still scarred by disastrous experience of the collapse of the mark less than ten years before, did not arouse his compassion. 德国人的苦难不到十年以前马克贬值的惨痛后果给他们的生活留下了累累伤痕并没有引起他的同情。2.The snow falls in every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the pond, on the hill and in the valley. 雪，在四处飘落（增补的内容）。它落在树上，落在田野，落在河边、湖畔、山上、谷底没有一条岩缝隙里不飘满雪花。（用破折号作为前文的概括）or:（拆译法） 雪花落在树上.和山谷中。大雪纷飞，连小小的岩缝中都飘进了雪花。3.In 1582 Richard Mulcaster ,one of the earliest English grammarians who paid attention to this problem, wrote. the English tongue is of small reach, stretching no further than this island of ours(England), nay, not there over all. 1582年，理查德 穆尔卡斯特最早注意到这个问题的英语语法学家之一写道：“英语的流行范围很小，充其量只在我们这个英格兰岛（使用）甚至并未遍及全岛。”or: （前置修饰语）最早注意到这一问题的英语语法学家之一的理查德 迈尔卡斯特在1582年写道：“英语的流行范围很小，充其量只是在英格兰岛使用，甚至并未遍及全岛。”4.On this and succeeding days, during which our aircraft guns were doubled in numbers, very hard and continuous air fighting took place over the capital, and the luftwaffe were still confident through their overestimation of our losses. 当天和随后的几天里（我们的高射炮在这几天增加了一倍），首都上空接连发生激烈的空战，德国空军由于过多地估计了我们的损失，仍然颇为自信。5.One of these obstacles is nearly total domination of the Japanese market by a few dozen giant conglomerates that strongly oppose even token competition-be it from abroad or emerging domestic firms. 障碍之一是：整个日本市场几乎全部为几十家庞大的联合企业所统治。这些集团强烈反对哪怕是象征性的竞争 不管是来自国外或来自新兴的国内企业。or（前置修饰语）.强烈反对来自国外或国内新兴企业的哪怕是象征性的竞争。G（综合法、重组）1.There is a tide in the affairs not only of men but of women too, which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.人生在世，有时会走运，抓住时机，就能飞黄腾达，男人如此，女人也一样。2.What the New Yorker would find missing is what many outsiders find oppressive and distasteful about New York -its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracing competitiveness; the rigor of its judgements; and the congested, democratic presence of so many other New Yorkers encased in their own world.纽约的粗犷、紧张，那种紧迫感和催人发奋的竞争性，它的是非观念的残酷无情，那种各色人等熙熙攘攘，兼容并蓄于各自天地中的格局，这一切都使那些非纽约人感到厌倦和窒息，而这一切，又正是纽约人所眷恋的。3.A friendly correspondence as neighbors, and old acquaintances had continued between me and Mrs.Reads family, who all had a regard for me from the time of my first lodging in their house.雷德太太一家人从我们一开始住在他们家时起，就一直对我很关切，我们既是邻居，又是相识多年的老朋友，来往始终不断。4.Neither Gorbblels nor Hitler nor anyone else, certainly not Bruening and most certainly Groener,to whom Schlescher owned his rapid rise in the army and in the councils of government, had as yet surmised the infinite capacity for the treachery of the scheming political general.这个诡计多端、热衷政治的将军是什么背信弃义的勾当都干的出来的，但是其寡廉鲜耻的程度，无论是戈贝尔也好，希特勒也好，或其他任何人，都没能摸到底细。勃鲁宁肯定没有摸到，格罗纳就更不用说了，尽管施莱切尔在军队和政府中的迅速升迁完全是靠格罗纳的提拔。翻译讲义 （二）增词法（一）1. The purchase of used, second-handed clothing, furniture or other household articles may be an excellent way of economizing.购买用过的旧衣服、旧家具或其他家用物品是极好的省钱的办法。2. Like anything else, abilities deteriorate when we stop applying our energies to them.就象任何其他东西一样，我们的各种能力若不花精力去训练的话也会退化。3. We began the 19th century with a choice, to spread our nation from coast to coast.十九世纪初我们作了一个抉择，把我们国家从东海岸扩展到西海岸。4. They were being so nice, and I was finding it hard to be civil.由于他们如此的友善，我反倒不好公事公办地客套了。5. She heard me out, then quietly told me how long they had been saving for a dining-room table. Not just any table, but something durable and beautiful they could use and love for a life time, a focal point for gatherings of family and friends, a source of happy memories their daughter could carry with her when she left to establish her own home.她听完了我的一顿唠叨，随后轻轻地告诉我他们花了多麽长的时间省吃俭用来买一张餐桌。他们想要的不是随便的一张桌子，而是他们能终生使用与钟爱的耐用而美丽的宝物，是家人朋友相聚的中心，是一个幸福回忆的源泉，当她女儿长大成家后，能够伴随着她。6. His words seemed to cling to me - along with an awful sense of intrusion. 他的话如恶魔缠身，挥之不去，同时摆脱不掉的还有一种受到侵犯的不快的感觉。7. Flushed and emotional, Mrs. Mayton challenged him, “why did you sit for three minutes without telling us?” 梅顿夫人脸色通红，情绪激动，她质问道：“你为什麽坐了三分钟却不告诉我们？” 8. A few broken plates are a small price to pay for the joy we get using them. Besides, every chip and crack has a story to tell.与使用这些瓷器所享受到的乐趣相比，几个摔碎的碗碟只不过是小小的代价而已，并且每个碎片都包含着一个故事。9. Computers are infinitely literal minded; they exercise no judgement, have no values 计算机完全是按照指令进行操作的，它们既不能作出判断，也没有价值标准。10.The paper said that foreign agents had infiltrated the then government and engineered the presidents overthrow. 报纸说外国的特务渗透到当时的政府中去并且策划了推翻总统的阴谋。10. This is a consequence of allowing people to play a fulfilling role in the direction of their lives.这是让人们在处理自己生活方面发挥有所作为的作用而产生的结果。12.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of a quite a number of the old generations back 45 years ago.难怪许多老一辈的人见了他就会回想起四五十年前的往事。13.He left a note of welcome for me, as sunny as his face. 他留下一封短信，对我表示欢迎，那封信写得热情洋溢，一如其人。 增词法（二）1. He wasnt very old, scarcely ready for the responsibilities of a family, a little frightened by them.他不算太大，还没有做好准备承担养家糊口的担子，甚至对这重担稍感恐慌。2. But she too, was farm-bred, understood as well as Will about the cattle. Winter was ahead- and the baby.但是，她也是在乡村长大的，与威尔一样对牲畜有所了解。冬天快到了，孩子也快出世了。3. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communique.在作出这些保证后，他不知道伊莉莎白还会要他作出什麽样的保证。4. A new kind of aircraft- small, cheap, pilotless- is attracting increasing attention.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后的公报。5. He is a complicated man- moody, mercurial, with melancholy streak.一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意这种飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。6. I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release.我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去很感激年，现在仍然很感激。7. The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of message.美日双方是在完全保密的情况下互相交换信件的。8. The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.该论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。9. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。10. I can say to you, without any flattery, that the Chinese way of co-operation is more inventive and fruitful than others.我可以对你说我这样说没有任何分成之意中国的合作方式比别国的合作方式更有特色，更有成果。11. He could understand a passive opposition from Kennedy loyalists, but an open one would have dire consequences.他了解到忠于肯尼迪的那些人在消极反对他，但是如果他们公开反对，那就会产生可怕的后果。12. The information superhighway is the merger of different technological breakthroughs made in the past 30 years.信息高速公路是过去三十年里各种不同的技术突破的结合体。13. We dont yield and we never have.我们不屈服，我们从没有屈服过。14. The utilization of garbage as fuel kills two birds