人教必修二 unit1.doc

人教必修二 unit1知识梳理 （一）单词 valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的 2 survive vt. 比活得长；(经过)活(保存)下来 vi. 活下来；幸存；残留amaze vt. 使吃惊；惊讶 amazing adj. 令人吃惊的 select vt. 挑选；选择 design n. 设计；图案；构思 vt.设计；计划；构思 decorate v. 装饰；装修 remove vt.移动；搬开 doubt n. 怀疑；疑惑 vt.怀疑；不信 former adj.以前的；从前的 worth prep.值得的，相当于的价值 n.价值；作用 adj.古值钱的 evidence n. 根据；证据 explode vi. 爆炸 entrance n. 入口 sink vi.下沉；沉下 debate n. 争论；辩论vi.争论；辩论 （二）短语 in search of 寻找 belong to 属于 in return 作为报答 at war 处于交战状态 less than 少于 take apart 拆开 think highly of 看重；器重 serve as 充当；担任 be of the fancy style 风格奇特的 rather than 而不是 in fact 实际上 add to 增加。到。 the wonders of the world 世界奇迹 look like 看起来像。 （三）必背句 1) A cultural relic always has to be rare and valuable. 文化遗产总是稀少而珍贵的。 2) Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普鲁士国王腓特烈威廉一世绝不可能想到他赠给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。 3) The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. 选用的琥珀有非常美丽的黄棕色，如同蜂蜜一般。 4) The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. 房间的设计是当时流行的风格。 5) It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the countrys best artists about ten years to make. 它也是一件由黄金和珠宝装饰的宝物，这件宝物是国内最好的艺术家花费十年制作而成的。 6) However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. 然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。 7) In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. 作为回赠，沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。 8) About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for importanvisitors. 这个房间长4米，作为一个小型接待厅接待重要来宾。 9) This was a time when the two countries were at war. 这是在两国交战的时期。 10) The Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. 俄国人只能够从琥珀屋里搬走一些家具和小的艺术品。 11) In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. 不到两天，十万件物品被装进27个木盒里。 12) There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往格尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。 13) By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one. 通过研究古琥珀屋的老照片，他们把新的琥珀屋建的和之前的一样。 14) It is worth rebuilding lost cultural relics. 重建遗失的文化遗传是值得的。 15) Later he gave it to his local museum. 之后，他把它送给了当地博物馆。 16) The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it. 那个老人看见一些德国人把琥珀屋拆走了。 17) This kind of information is called evidence. 这种信息叫证据。 18) In April 1945 I heard something explode at midnight. 1945年四月午夜，我听到了爆炸声。 19) To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed. 让我吃惊的是矿洞的入口是关着的。 20) I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. 我很欣赏那些努力寻找琥珀屋的人三、重难点突破及课堂练习 （一）重点单词 1. survive vt. 比活得长；(经过)活(保存)下来 vi. 活下来；幸存；残留 Is it enough to have survived for a long time? （reading text）是否留存久远就足够了？ Of the six people injured in the crash，only two survived. 在这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。 【用法拓展】 survive sb. (by) 比某人活得长(几年) survive (from) sth. 幸免于某事；流传下来 survive on sth. 靠存活下来 survival n.存活，幸存 survivor n.幸存者 【速记名片】 一石四鸟之句 He was the only survivor that survived the accident, but he survived long, and even survived his son. 他不仅在那场事故中幸免于难，而且还活了很长时间，甚至比他的儿子活的时间还长。 l 即境活用 It was lucky that the boy _（从大火中逃生）. She _ （多活了）her husband by ten years. Many strange customs have _（流传下来）earlier times. 2.design n. 设计；图案；构思 vt. 设计；计划；构思 The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. （reading text） 房间的设计是当时流行的风格。 The building seats 2000 people, but is of poor design. 这座建筑物可容纳2000人, 但设计很差. 【用法拓展】 by designon purpose 有意地，故意地 have designs on/upon sth. (money/life) 图谋(钱、生命等) be designed for sb./sth. 为设计 be designed to do sth. 目的是做 be designed as sth. = serve as sth. 为某目的或用途而制造或计划。 l 即境活用 Whether _（是故意还是偶然），he arrived too late to help us. The experiment _ （目的是）test the new drug. This house_（为。设计） a large family. 3. remove vt. 去掉，开除；脱掉 vi. 搬开，移动，搬家 Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. （reading text）然而，在纳粹分子到达这座避暑宫殿之前，俄国人只能够从琥珀屋里搬走一些家具和小的艺术品。 The news removed any doubts about the companys future. 这个消息消除了一切有关公司未来的疑虑。 【用法拓展】 be removed from 某人被开除，解聘/免职 【易混点辨析】 remove和move都表示“移动”。区别是move强调位置和姿态的改变；remove强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的地方，有时相当于take away/off。表示“迁居”时，二者均可。 l 即境活用 The man was _ from the office for some reasons. She _ her hat and coat. They were taught to learn the spirit of the Foolish Old man _ the mountain. A. removed B. moved C. who removed D. moving The boy is _ from school because he often plays truant. A. gone B. removed C. to remove D. be at The man was so badly hurt that he couldnt _ his leg . A. remove B. move C. carry D. send 4. doubt n. 怀疑；疑惑 vt. 怀疑；不信 There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往格尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。 【用法拓展】 doubtful adj. 怀疑的 beyond a/any/all doubt = without doubt = out of doubt毫无疑问地；确实地 no doubt 无疑地；很可能 in doubt 不肯定的; 不确定的 There is no doubt that + clause There is no doubt about sth. 毫无疑问 【特别注意】 doubt 在肯定句中用 whether/if引导从句，但在疑问句和否定句中用 that引导从句。 I dont doubt that. 我确信 I doubt whether/if 我怀疑是否 l 即境活用 -Do you doubt _ hell be fired by the school ? - No, not a bit. A. that B. whether C. if D. about - Lily is sure to win the oral English contest . - But I doubt _ she will make it . A. that B. whether C. how D. when I have no doubt in my mind _ they will be glad to see me. 8 A. if B. whether C. that D. of Their acceptance of the contract is still _（不确定的）. 他无疑是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。（三种译法） _. 5. worth prep.值得的，相当于的价值 n.(U)价值；作用 adj.古值钱的 It is worth rebuilding lost cultural relics. (reading text) 重建遗失的文化遗产是值得的。 Our house is worth about 60000. 我们的房子约值60000英镑。 The jewellery is of great worth. 这些珠宝很值钱。 【用法拓展】 be worthn. 值 (仅限于少数表示钱数或某种代价的比喻性名词) be (well) worth doing (很)值得做 (用 well修饰；用动名词的主动式表示被动含义) be of (great) worth （非常）有价值的 be of little/no worth 价值少的/没有价值的 worthless adj. 无价值的; 没用的 worthy adj. 值得的 be worthy ofn. be worthy ofbeing done 值得做某事 be worthy to be done 注意：worthy 可用做前置定语，表示“有价值的；可敬的”，而 worth不能做前置定语。如：a worthy gentleman 一位可敬的绅士。 worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得花时间、钱或精力的 It is worthwhile (for sb.) to do sth/doing sth. 做某事是值得的. 【速记名片】 一石二鸟之句 This movie is well worth seeing, but it is not worthy of being seen/to be seen twice. 这部电影值得看但是不值得看两遍。 l 即境活用What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read She has done some _ things during the summer vacation，and she is _ of being praised. A. worthwhile；worthy B. worthwhile；worth C. worthy；worth D. worth；worthy 这个地方值得参观。（使用worthy的三种译法） _. 6. prove vt. 证明；证实； vi. 证明是；结果是（没有被动语态） For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. (reading text) 例如，据证明中国比世界上任何国家的人口都多。 【用法拓展】 prove to be 证明是；结果是 l 即境活用 These documents _ (会证明) we are telling the truth. The news that Mr Smith was going to buy that factory_(被证明是虚假的) in the end. 7. light v. 点燃，照亮；过去式-过去分词：lit lit n. 光，光亮 adj.明亮的，轻的，浅色的 【用法拓展】 light up 照亮，使(光亮) l 即境活用 She took the _ (点燃的)candle into the dark room and quickly the room _ (照亮). 8. select vt. 挑选；选择 The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. (reading text) 选用的琥珀有非常美丽的黄棕色，如同蜂蜜一般。 【近义辨析】 elect/choose/select/pick (1)elect“选举；选择”，指在一定的范围内或有限的数量中，遵照一定的规章或法制，用投票或举手等表决方式，以多数为标准，选举出代表或负责人；也含有为完成某任务而选择适用的人员的意思。 (2)choose“挑选；选择”，指从若干人或事物中找出符合要求、满足需要的人或事物。这种选择取决于个人主观意志，带有最终选定的含义。 (3)select“精选”，语气比choose重，而且更正式，强调客观性，挑选对象是同类的。 (4)pick常与out连用，有“挑选，选择”之意，指仔细地、精心地选择，带有挑剔意味，有时可与select互换，作“拣出，认出”解。 l 即境活用 It took her an hour to _ a dress that suited her. Chu has been _ to attend the National Young Leaders Conference. We have _ him chairman. You should _ friends with care. 9. wonder n.奇迹；奇观；惊奇；惊讶 v. 想知道；对感到惊奇 Although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. (reading text) 尽管琥珀室被认为是一个世界奇迹，但现在它已经不见了。 She always wondered how she could operate the new machine. 她想知道她怎么才能操作这台新机器。 【特别注意】 wonder作“奇迹；奇观”讲时为可数名词，作“惊奇,惊叹”讲时为不可数名词。 【用法拓展】 11 It be a wonder (that). 奇怪的是 (It be) no/little/small wonder (that.) 难怪；并不奇怪 l 即境活用 _（难怪） you cant sleep when you eat so much. I _ （很想知道）who he was, where he were from and why he came. 二）重点短语 1. in search of 寻找 = in the/ones search for He moved to the United States in search of a better life. 他移居美国寻求更好的生活。 【易混辨析】 search/search for/search.for/in search of search 表示“搜索；搜寻；调查”。search sb.意为“搜某人身”；search sp.意为“在某地搜查”（意图找到某东西）。 search for 意为“寻找”，指搜寻某个特定的目标，相当于look for。 search.for 意为“搜查某人或某地以寻找某物”。 in search of 介词短语，意为“寻找”，后接寻找的目标或对象。 【用法拓展】 in honour of 为了纪念；为向表示敬意 in praise of 歌颂；表扬 in memory of 为纪念 in favour of 赞同，支持 in place of 代替 in charge of 负责 in possession of 拥有 in control of 控制 in need/want of 需要 l 即境活用 They started off at once in search _ the missing child . 12 So far , they have been unlucky in their search _(介词)gold and have no money left . He _ all his pockets but failed to find his ID. A. searched B. searched for C. in search of D. looked for The police _ the house _ （搜索）the stolen jewel. We celebrate Mothers Day_（对母亲表示敬意）. If you are_（需要）anything, dont hesitate to let me know. 2. in return 作为报答，常和介词for连用 In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. (reading text) 作为回赠，沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。 I invited him to dinner in return for his kindness. 为了报答他的好心，我宴请了他。 【用法拓展】 in return for 为作为回报 without return 无赚头；无利润 by return (接信后)立即回复 return sb. sth. (return sth. to sb.) 将某物归还某人 return to some place/life 回到某地/复活 return ticket / trip 往返车票/旅行 【温馨提示】 in turn依次；逐个地；转而；反过来 l 即境活用 I greeted the teacher with “hello”，and the teacher gave me a sweet smile _. Aby turns Bin return Cin turn Dfor return He gave her some roses _（答谢） her kindness. They let us use their computers, and _ （作为回报）we give them the results of our research. 3. at war 处于交战状态 This was a time when the two countries were at war. (reading text) 这是在两国交战的时期。 【近义辨析】 at work 在上班 13 at play 在玩 at peace 处于和平中 at school 在上学 at breakfast 在吃早饭 at table 在吃饭 at desk 在学习 at rest 静止 【温馨提示】 (1)on也可以表示“在中”，常见搭配有：on duty/sale/fire/strike/business/show等。 (2)under表示“在中”，常见搭配有：under way/control/repair/construction等。 l 即境活用 The two countries have been _ （交战）for years. _ （静止地）the insect looks like a dead leaf. The countries have been _（和平）for more than a century. Everything is _ （在掌控之中）. This shirt is _（出售）, but it is not _（廉价出售）. 4. take apart 拆开，拆散 The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.(reading text) 那个老人看见一些德国人把琥珀屋拆走了。 【用法拓展】 apart 是副词，“相距，相隔；分开，分离；在一边”。还可以构成如下短语： apart from 除以外 know/tell. apart 辨认，区别 put/set sb./sth. apart (from sb./sth.) 使某人/某物显得优越或独特 stand apart 分开站 live apart 分开住 be wide/far apart 相距很远 这些短语中，若代词做宾语，要放在动词与 apart 之间。 apart from有 besides 和 except 的双重含义。 l 即境活用 John enjoys _ （拆东西）to see how they work.14 Its much easier_ （把钟拆开） than to put it together again. 5. belong to 属于；为的一员 However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. (reading text)然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。 【特别提醒】 belong to不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。 【用法拓展】 belong vi. 适合待在某处，放在某处，没有含被动意味的过去分词用法。 belongings n. 财产，所有物，相关事物 l 即境活用 That dictionary _ （属于）the library. Do you _ （是。的一员）the trade union？ Where do these plates _（属于）？ 6. think highly of 看重；器重 I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. (reading text) 我很欣赏那些努力寻找琥珀屋的人。 【用法拓展】 think highly/well/much of sb./sh. 对某人/某物评价高；高度赞扬 think badly/little/ill/lightly of sb./sth. 对某人/某物评价低(印象不好) think poorly of=think nothing of 不放在眼里；轻视 speak well/ill of 说好/坏 think of 想起，记得；觉得怎样 【特别提示】 当 think highly/well/much.of用于被动结构时，修饰动词的副词应放在动词之前，即：be highly/well/much thought of。如： Pop music is well thought of by most young people. 大多数年轻人对流行音乐很赞赏。 l 即境活用 I dont _ （评价不高）these socalled improvements to the town center. 15 We all _ （看重）her. One of the young mans paintings has been _by some experts of the art field. Ahigh thought of Bwell thought of Chighly thought Dgood thought 7. serve as 担任，充当 About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. (reading text) 琥珀屋约四米长，做了接待贵宾的小接待厅。 l 即境活用 He_（担任）a waiter there. When you sleep in the open, old newspapers can _（担任）a blanket. 8. addto把加进里去 She told her artists to add more details to its design. (reading text) 她告诉他的艺术家们将设计方案再增加更多的细节。 Please add some sugar to the milk. 请往牛奶里加点糖。 【用法拓展】 add to 增加 add up to 合计达 addup 加起来 l 即境活用 His being absent _（增加）our difficulty. The money he spent one day _（合计达）about $100. _ these figures _ （ 加起来）and see what the total is. We can _ another room _ （把加进里去）the house 9. rather than 而不是 He only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. (reading text) 他关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是个人观点或看法。 【特别注意】 rather than意为“而不是”，连接两个并列成分，这两个并列成分的形式应该一致。rather than连接两个主语时，其后面谓语动词的单复数形式应遵循就前原则。类似用法的词汇、短语还有：as well as，together with，except，but，like，with，besides，including等。 【用法拓展】 or rather 更确切地说 other than 除了之外 would/had rather do.than do =would do.rather than do=prefer to do.rather than do. 宁愿而不愿；宁愿；更喜欢 He would rather go walking than watch TV at home. 他宁愿出去散步也不愿待在家里看电视。 l 即境活用 选词填空（rather than/other than/or rather） I met him very late on Friday night, _, early on Saturday morning. Does anybody _ yourself know this? I decided to send an e-mail _ telephone.重点语法 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句 一、 定义 1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。 2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。 关系词常有的三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系词：where, when, why等。例如：Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read. (that I have read是定语从句；novel是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作have read的宾语。二、 关系代词的作用 （1）that 可以指人也可以指物，指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在从句中作主语、宾语或是表语。 （2）which 多指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或是表语。非限制性定语从句中，which有时并不代表主句中的某一确定的词，而是概括整个主句的意思。（具体见第二点） （3）who指人，在从句中作主语和表语。口语中，who可代替whom在从句中作宾语。 （4）whom指人，在从句中作宾语。它可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。 （5）whose可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作定语，意为“的”，后面紧跟名词。当它指物时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。 whose + n.= the + n. + of which = of which + the + n. 例：Please pass me the book whose cover is black. = Please pass me the book the cover of which is black = Please pass me the book of which the cover is black 在限制性定语从句中，引导词that/ which/ who/ whom在从句中充当宾语时，引导词可以省略。如： Harry Potter is the best novel I have ever read. 哈利波特是我看过的最好的小说。 l 即境活用 1. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station_ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses_ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 3. The prize will go to the writer_ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 2. 限定性定语从句&非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句：1.如省去从句，主语意义不完整；2.主从句间无逗号；3.关系词见上表 19 非限定性定语从句：1.如省去从句，主语意义仍然完整；2.主从句间有逗号；3.that和why不能引导非限定性定从。 【例句】 He has a son who likes to play football. 他有一个喜欢踢足球的儿子。（他可能还有别的孩子，不爱踢球） He has a son, who likes to play footba