外研版高二英语必修五chapter2grammar.doc

Module2 A Job Worth Doing GrammarGrammar: Review of verb forms 一般过去时 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3）句型： It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow. 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 过去进行时 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。 4) 常用的时间状语: this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某个时间以前已经完成的动作，强调“过去的过去”。常以before, by+过去时间，或when, before等引导的过去时态的从句来表示，也可以通过上下文来表示。 I had written the criticism article when they came. 他们来时，我已写完了那篇评论。 They left earlier than we had expected. 他们离开的时间比我们预料的要早。 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别（1）一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如：I was sixteen yesterday old last year.我去年16岁。He worked in a factory in 1986.他1986年在一家工厂工作。I met her in the street the day before yesterday.前天我在街上遇见了她。He often swam in the river when he was young.他小时侯常在河里游泳。（2）过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句。What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday? I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. I was cooking when she knocked at the door.（3）一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如：I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher.你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如：She wrote a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完）一般过去时用法补充 Past Simple1. 用来指现在的事情，一般用thought, didnt know等动词形式。I didnt know you were a teacher.We thought you were in London.2. 在时间和条件状语从句中表示过去预计将要发生的事情：Mother said she would wait until her son came back.He promised to come and see us if he had time.3. 在Its about time that; I wish that；I would rather；If only；as ifthough等结构的后面表示现在或未来的主观想象或假设情况，常用过去时。We would rather you stayed with us for a long time. 我们宁愿你与我们多呆一会儿。过去完成时用法补充 Past Perfect1. 和另一个动词的过去时连用，表示两个动作发生的先后：When he had explained everything clearly, the students had no more questions.They had learnt quite a lot of English before they came to senior high.2. 追述以前发生的事情，并说明理由：They were tired because they had worked for three days and nights.The roads were muddy and the traffic was difficult. It had rained for a whole night.3. 表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，限于以下动词：think, hope, intend, plan, mean, want, suppose, etc.I had intended to come, but John asked me to help him with his physics. We had thought you would call.They had wanted to help but didnt have enough money.典型题例 1. Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 解析：表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。答案B. 2. -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course, you_. A. might B. will C. can D. should 解析：could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。答案C. 3. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told 解析：由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have。答案A。 4. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can 精析: should 为情态动词， “应该”。选C. 5. Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 解析：答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。 6. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read； was falling B. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell 解析：答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。 7. When I arrived at the station, he had already left. We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term. I waited until he had finished his homework. We were surprised at what she had done. We _our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A just have had B have just had C just had D had just had 解析：本题吃饭的动作在来的动作之前，考察过去完成时的用法,正确答案为D. 8. Before the first nonstop flight made in1949, it_ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A would be B has been C had been D would have been 解析：本题时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句的情况是在从句之前，是“过去的过去”，因此用过去完成时，答案为C. 9Until then, his family _ from him for six month. A didnt hear B hasnt been hearing C hasnt heard D hadnt heard 解析：过去完成时可以表示过去某一时间以前已经发生并继续发生的事情，本句考察的正是过