高考英语解题技技巧及例题.doc

第一部分 高中英语解题方法和技巧总论一、排除干扰法对于一些高考试题，可以根据题干中提供的信息，先把与句子意义和结构无关的或明显不符合语境和逻辑的选项排除，最后就可以根据语境，选择符合题意的正确答案。【例如】1Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?Because the old one has been damaged . 江苏卷Abeyond reach Bbeyond repair Cbeyond control Dbeyond description【巧解】B， 本题考查交际用语和介词beyond的用法。题意为：“为什么你建议我们买一台新机器呢?”“因为这台旧的已经坏掉了，无法修理了。”beyond reach“够不着”；beyond control“控制不了”；beyond description “无法描述”。三者都不合题意，因而可以排除。本题要注意对句意的理解。出题者把介词beyond放在具体的语言环境中考查了其作状语的用法，提高了对句意理解的要求。2Everything was perfect for the picnic the weather 浙江卷Ain place of B. as well as Cexcept for D. in case of【巧解】C ， 本题考查的是词组辨析。in place of “代替，取代”；as well as “又，也，还”；except for “除之外”，表示在说明了基本（整体）情况之后，再对细节进行说明；in case of“万一，假使”。本句的意思是：除天气之外，所有情况都非常适合野炊。从而排除A、B、D。在本句中，可以将“天气”看成是“所有情况”当中的一个细节，故选C项。3Students are always interested in finding out they can go with a new teacher. 安徽卷Ahow far Bhow soon C how often Dhow long【巧解】A.，本题考查四个副词短语的区别。How far有两个用法，其一是用于对距离的提问；其二是询问到什么程度或范围。how soon询问多久以后；how often询问频率；how long询问多长时间。本题是说学生们想知道他们与新来的教师会相处得如何，how far 表示程度，修饰go with a new teacher正好符合题意，从而排除B、C、D。在解此题时要注意四个近似副词短词之间用法的区别。【巧练】1.The children went home from the grammar school, their lesson _for the day.A finishing B finished C had finished D were finished 2.The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was!上海卷 A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene3.As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_. 陕西卷 :A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair 二、句子分析法句子分析法就是对句子进行语法分析,找出主语.谓语等句子成分,分清主句,从句部分,把握句子主干,掌握主旨大意。因为高考试题设疑方式越来越巧妙，一些重要的信息经常隐含在题干中，这要求考生培养敏锐的观察能力和细致的分析问题的能力。【例如】1 .There is too much difficulty he thinks he will have _ the critical customers in the shopping center where hes working now .A. deal with B. dealing with C. to deal with D. to do with【巧解】通过分析句子结构可知he thinks he will have . 是一个定语从句，修饰的先行词是difficulty。由此我们可以联想句式sb. have/has difficulty in doing sth.，在本句中即he thinks he will have too much difficulty in dealing with the critical customers 这一定语从句。故该题选B。2. matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 【巧解】仔细分析本题的句子结构,不难看出考查的是主语从句，并且从句中缺少主语，因此该题应选A。3.I smell somethingin the kitchen. Can I Call you back in a minute ?A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt【巧解】“感官动词+宾语+补语”这一结构中，补语的形式要看其与宾语的关系；由题中something发出burn的动作可知答案为 A。【巧练】1. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. work B. working C. is working D. are working2Well never forget the important role he in international affairs when he was working in UNAplaying Bplayed Cacting Dacted3 .No one except Jack and Tom the answer.A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are known 三、结构还原法正确分析、理解和把握句子的结构对语言的运用十分重要，否则就会产生歧义。一些试题设计巧妙，出题人可能会调整试题结构，要么在句中加入插入语，要么用疑问句、倒装句、省略句、感叹句等使简单句式复杂化，从而打破句子的结构和平衡，以增加干扰；或者利用考生急于求成的心理，巧妙地将题目成立的条件前置以增强干扰性和迷惑性。做这类题目时可将句子按正常语序进行还原，并通过分析主，谓，宾等成分来找出正确的选项【例如】1.For many cities in the world ,there is no room to spread out further,_ New York is an example.四川卷A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which【巧解】C.本题考查非限制性定语从句。从句还原后成为“New York is an example of many cities”,故选介词of。 2.Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _ . 辽宁卷A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I 【巧解】此题考查neither用于句首时的倒装结构。either须和not搭配而neither本身就表示否定,用于句首时句子要倒装。若用either, 还原后的句子应该是“I wasnt happy, either”，故选B项。3.Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss ,not the workers. They just carried out the order_ . 福建卷A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told【巧解】考查省略和被动形式。将该句补全进行还原后的句子应该是They just carried out the order as they were told,故应选A项。 【巧练】1. We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose to her?A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened2. It was in New Zealand_Elizabeth fist met Mr.Smith.全国卷II A. that B. how C.which D. when3. Hardly the papers on his desk when the door burst open.A. he collected B. he had collected C. did he collect D. had he collected 四、补全信息法在一些语境题中常常出现省略形式，尤其是在口语中，这样可以更简捷地表达语义，但是如果判断失误，会造成误解。因此先把省略的部分信息进行补充，然后再分析句子结构，从而全面正确地理解句子，选对正确答案。补全信息法是高考难题命制的一种常用手段。 【例如】1. Having checked the doors were closed, and _all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. .A why B.that C when D where【巧解】 C 本题考查名词性从句的连词区别。题干状语含两个宾语从句，由and 连接，其中第一个宾语从句省略了连接词that, 补全即为：Having checked that the doors were closed, 显然后面and 连接的宾语从句应该与其一致，故一句用了that , 后一句也一样。答案为C。2.The flowers his friends gave him will die unless _ every day. A .watered B. watering C .water D. to water【巧解】A 本题考查省略句型。根据题意可知本题省略了主语和系动词be, 补全即为：unless they are watered . 其中flowers 与water 之间是被动关系，省略了they are 后，只有A 项是正确。3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, wanted to buy it.A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom【巧解】分析句子结构可知，逗号后面为定语从句；又由主句中two people可推断neither of whom正确。答案为A。【巧练】1. I am caught smoking again?You ae sure to be punished.A. What for B. What if C. If only D. Only if2. Having checked the doors were closed, and _all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. .A why B that C when D where3.The flowers his friends gave him will die unless _ every day.A watered B watering C water D to water五、寻找标志法寻找标志法是指仔细分析题干，找出隐含于其中的重要信息。这些信息往往由一定的形式表示，如介词短语、副词或它们在句中所处的位置等。这要求考生要有敏锐的观察能力和细致分析问题的能力。因此答题时必须注重对题干中隐性信息的捕捉。【例如】1.Did you tidy your room?No, I was going to tidy my room but I visitors.A. had B. have C. have had D. will have【巧解】“Did”和“was going to”标志着是过去发生的事情。答案为A。2. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt for London to attend a meeting.A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left【巧解】By the time 引起从句时，主句需用完成时态，此处表示将来的动作，所以用将来完时。答案：C.3. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances in the past years.A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered【巧解】in/during the past years 所在的句子要用完成时态，substances 是“被发现”，故用被动形式。【巧练】1.Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up,but he _by now. A. hasnt turned B. doesnt turn up C. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up 2.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping3.Do you like traveling?Certainly. I to Belgium five months ago, but I anywhere ever since.A. went; didnt go B. have been; dont goC. had been ; havent D. went ;havent gone六、语境分析法【例如】 :1. Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? 全国卷III_ , but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt【巧解】C.，本题考查动词时态的区别。A 项意为“不得不”，B 项意为“不”；C 项意为“本打算做”；D 项意为“不愿意”。根据语境 but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.可知我是本来打算去的，但想起来还有作业要做，显然只有C 项符合语境要求。2. Have you been wasting time on computer games again? 山东卷 . _,Ive been studying a lot and I need a break.A. No way B. Not really C. I dont agree D. I couldnt agree more【巧解】B.，本题考查交际英语运用。根据情景Ive been studying a lot and I need a break,可知我不是在浪费时间玩电脑,故只有B项符合情景。3.Can you read the sign, sir? No smoking allowed in the lift! 全国卷I_.A. Never mind B. Dont mention it C. Sure, I dont smoke D. Pardon me【巧解】D.， 本题考查交际英语运用。根据情景Can you read the sign, sir! No smoking allowed in the lift! 知对方是善意地提出批评,显然做错事后应该道歉。A项意为没关系 ;B项意为不客气; C项意为当然,我没有抽,显然是属于狡辩;D 项意为对不起。因此,只有D项符合情景要求。【巧练】1We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we each other for years.辽宁卷A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know2Judy is going to marry the sailor she in Rome last year.重庆卷A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet3So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent .2008福建卷A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen七、情景交际法情景交际类试题，一般不涉及语法知识，但有它自己的语境，只要根据语境把说话人的态度和语气分析清楚，就不难选出正确答案。【例如】1Shall we go out for dinner tonight? 浙江卷 .A. You are right B. It must be funny C. That sounds great D. Have a nice time【巧解】C.， 本题考查的是交际用语。Shall we go out for dinner tonight ? 实际上是一个提建议的句子，而不是一般的疑问，这一点必须要特别引起注意。You are right“你是对的”; It must be funny“这肯定很有趣”; That sounds great“听起来很不错”;Have a nice time“（祝你）玩得愉快”。只有C项符合语境。2.Sorry, I made a mistake again._. Practice more and youll succeed.全国卷I A. Never mind B. Certainly not C. Not at all D. Dont mention it【巧解】A.， Certainly not常用来回答别人问是否介意的问题；Not at all和Dont mention it用于别人致谢时代答语。只有Never mind符合语境。句意“对不起，我又出错了。”“没关系，多练习，你就会成功的。”这里考查别人致谢时如何安慰对方。3.I think youd better type this letter again before Mr.Smith sees it.Oh, dear!_ 江西卷A.Who cares? B.No problem. C.I dont mind at all D.Is it as bad as that?【巧解】D，.本题考查情景交际。由“我想你在Mr.Smith看到之前应该把这封信再打印一次”“哦，真的吗?_”可知对方对此不以为然。Is it as bad as that?(有那么遭吗？)其中A项Who cares（谁在乎？）不礼貌。【巧练】1.Can I speak to Mr. Wang, please?_A. Who are you ? B. Im Wang C. Speaking. D. Are you John2.Have you been wasting time on computer games again? 山东卷Ive been studying a lot and I need a break.A. No way B. Not really C. I dont agree D I couldnt agree more3.一Can you read the sign, sir? No smoking allowed in the lift! 全国卷IA. Never mind B. Dont mention it C. Sure, I dont smoke D. Pardon me八、标点符号法【例如】1._ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn 【巧解】题意为：把收音机声音调小，婴儿正在隔壁睡觉。破折号起到补充说明的作用，相当于“for the babys asleep ”,破折号前构成祈使句Turn down the radio. 答案: B.2.Have you been to New Zealand? No, Id like to,_. A. too B. though C. yet D. either 【巧解】though 作副词表示转折，意思是“然而，可是”，用在句末，前面用逗号隔开。A项不符合句意；C项不置于句末；D项用在否定句末表示“也不”。答案：B.3.Anyway, that evening, _Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. where C. what D. which 【巧解】本题中的先行词that evening 被逗号隔开， 在从句中作介词about 的宾语。故应用关系词 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，what 不能引导定语从句。答案：D.【巧练】1.Ive never seen anyone run so fast _ David go.A.just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched2.They will fly to Washington ,_they plan to stay for two or three days.重庆卷A. where B. there C. which D. when3.You dont seem to be quite yourself today, Jim?Im suffering from a cold. Nothing serious,_.A. yet B. indeed C. though D. anyway九、分析对比法对所给试题的语法知识和语境进行分析比较，弄清楚题干的真正意思，并对比分析所给的答案，然后联系上下文句子的含义，进而作出正确判断。【例如】1.Is Peter there?_,Please. Ill see if I can find him for you. 江苏卷A. Hold up B. Hold on C. Hold out D. Hold off【巧解】该题考查交际用语和动词词组的含义辨析。句意为：“彼特在吗？”“请不要挂断电话，我去看看能否找到他。”Hold on “继续，坚持，不挂断电话”。此处意为“别挂，等一等”，相当于 hold the line。 hold up“举起，竖起，支持，使停滞”；hold out“伸出，提出，支持，主张”；hold off“耽搁，不接近，离开”。故选B项。2. Einstein liked Boses paper so much that he _ his own work and translated it into German. 山东卷A. gave off B. turned down C. took over D. set aside【巧解】此题考查短语的用法。题意为：爱因斯坦很喜欢Bose的论文以至于他把自己的工作置于一旁，把它译成德语。Set aside”不顾,把置于一旁”; give off “发出，放出”;turn down“拒绝”；take over“接收，接管”。故选D项。1. Dont be so discouraged. If you _such feelings, you will do better next time安徽卷A . carry on B. get back C .break down D. put away 【巧解】carry on “继续”；get back “返回，取回，收回”；break down “破坏，损坏”；put away在此的意思是“打消，放弃，抛弃”。题意为：如果你放弃这种情绪，下次会做的更好。该题的四个选项在词义上本身联系不大，做题的关键是理解上下文。【巧练】1.As a result of destroying the forests,a large _of desert_covered the land.A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity;have2.The flowers_sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to b smell3.Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?Sorry, I am not sure.But it_be.A. might B. will C. must D. can 十、.对号入座法 将自己掌握的词组意思与题干及选项之间的关系对照分析，然后将各个选项直接代入空格处检查，从而选出正确答案。这种方法适宜解答语法结构类试题。【例如】1.After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside. 宁夏卷A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up【巧解】句意为：简在医学院学习五年后，在乡村当了一名医生。Set out “出发，开始”；take over“接收，接管”；take up“拿起，开始从事”；set up“设立，竖立”。故只可选C才符合语境。2I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we _ fine. 四川卷A. look out B stay up C. carry on D. get along【巧解】look out “小心，朝外看”；stay up“耸立，熬夜”；carry on“继续做，坚持” get along“与某人相处；进展”。根据前文“我过去常与父母争吵”可以推断下文应是“但现在我们相处得很好”，故只有D项符合语境。3.Im still working on my project. Oh, youll miss the deadline. Time is _. 江苏卷 A, running out B. going out C. giving out . D. losing out【巧解】依据前文谈到“你即将错过最后期限”可知下文的意思是“时间即将用完”，run out 的意思是“用完；耗尽”。此处用现在进行时表示动作马上就要发生，故应选A. go out “(灯)熄灭”give out “发出（热，味）”lose out“输给（to sb）”. 【巧练】1.I know a little about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago. A are going B had been C went D have been .2. _ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A If B Since C Though D When3.How can I apply for an online course? Just fill out this form and we _what we can do for you .A see B are seeing C have seen D will see 第二部分 快速巧记英语单词第一节 记忆概述德国著名心理学家艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus,1850-1909)是揭示记忆遗忘规律的第一人。他的记忆实验得出的数据如下：图表1：记忆时间间隔与记忆量统计表时间间隔刚刚20分钟1小时8-9小时1天2天6天1个月记忆量100%58.2%44.2%35.8%33.7%27.8%25.4%21.1%根据艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线可知：遗忘从识记后便开始；遗忘是有规律的；遗忘的进程不是均衡的；先快后慢，先多后少，有意义记忆优于无意义记忆；理解记忆优于死记硬背。应在第一次记忆后隔20分钟记一次，第二天再记第三次，一周后再记第四次，一个月以后记忆第五次。具体做法就是：先规定自己一天背的词汇的数量，然后在一天中每隔一段时间把这些词汇通背一遍，相隔的时间不宜太短，背熟后隔几天后再把这些背过一遍。如此循环下去，会收到很好的记忆效果。艾宾浩斯还在关于记忆的实验中发现，记住12个无意义音节，平均需要重复16.5次；为了记住36个无意义章节，需重复54次；而记忆六首诗中的480个音节，平均只需要重复8次！第二节 单词记忆的常用方法掌握一门外语一般要过“三关”（语音关、词汇关、语法关）、斩“六将”（背、听、说、读、写、译）。相对来说，掌握英语单词是最难过的一关。英语的词汇量大，总词汇量至少在60万以上，实用词汇量为8000-10000个，基本词汇量为4000-6000个。因此，在英语学习过程中，我们经常遇到的某些广告宣称30天精通外语、三个月精通外语等等内容，纯属无稽之谈。一般的说，掌握英语单词没有什么捷径可走，但我们可以选择一些有效的方法来降低记忆难度，增强记忆兴趣，帮助记忆单词。下面介绍几种最常用的记忆英语单词的方法。 一、运用读音规则记忆法利用英语国际音标来识记单词。国际音标是标识标记英语语音的符号系统。如果熟悉并掌握国际音标、字母及字母组合的规则和不规则读音、音节的划分、语音语调、朗读等基本语音知识,就可以根据它们来直接拼写英语单词,尤其是一些比较长又难于识记的单词。例如：pronunciation (n./prnQnSieiSn/发音pro-nun-ci-a-tion)antidisestablishmentarianism (n. 反对教会与国家分开学说an- ti- dis- es- tab- lish- ment- ar- ian- ism) 就可根据其音标来正确书写单词。1、单词的读音与字母及其组合的发音之间又有着密切的联系。例如：cow，how，now 等词中的字母组合ow 都发/au/cake，these，five，note 等词中的元音字母都发字母本音2、英语单词之间有时候读音完全相同或极为相似,这样一来,我们可以通过比较、观察,找出它们的同异之处,来进一步加深印象,增强记忆效果。例如:/tu:/-two,too,to /si:/-sea, see /fO:/-for, four /mi:t/-meet, meat /rait/-right，write 3、英语中有些单词的读音被直接替换成了汉语词汇,这是因为起先在汉语中还没有跟这个单词相对应的词汇,掌握音译词后,我们就很快根据读音记住这个单词了。例如: tank坦克，jeep吉普，jacket夹克衫，New York纽约4、把几个字母看作一个来记。例如：“ight” light, right, fight, night, might, sight, tight5、外旧内新。例如：bridge “桥”看成 b+ridge“山脊” sharp 看成 s+harp harp “竖琴”6、外新内旧。例如：cleave “劈开”看成 c+leavecold “冷，感冒”看成 c+old“老的”因此，学生必须学会详细地总结、熟记和使用字母及字母组合的读音规则，学生一旦掌握了这个识记单词的方法，记单词时就不需要逐个字母地死记硬背。就可以节约大量的记词时间，而且效果较为持久，既增强了兴趣、信心，又增加了成功感，为进一步学习英语打下坚实基础。【练习】请用拼读规则记忆下面各个单词。mild温柔的,温和的;素淡的adj.splendid辉煌的,壮丽的adj.clay粘土,陶土n.accuracy准确,精确 n.ambulance救护车n.orchestra管弦乐队n.systematic系统的;有计划的adj.painter油漆工人;画家 n.handsome英俊的,帅的adj.navy海军 n.fascinating迷人的adj.scarcely仅仅;几乎不 adv.neighbourhood邻居关系;邻近n.pardon原谅;赦免n.&v.criticize批评;非难vt.deck甲板;一副(纸牌) n.flavour味道;滋味n.medal奖章,勋章;纪念章 n.diamond钻石;钻石饰品;菱形n.peaceful和平的,安祥的,宁静的adj.二、拼读记忆法拼读记忆法是根据单词的实际读音来直接拼读的方法。这种方法与汉字读音一样，把英语单词划分为语流。这样可以帮助大家来直接读出单词。1、语流的划分：在汉语单词中，“中国人”是由三个语流组成的，即“中”、“国”、“人”。在英语单词中，我们也不妨借助这种汉字的语流分析法，在拼读单词划分语流时，元音字母或元音字母组合可以独立形成一个语流；而辅音字母或辅音字母组合只能和元音一起组成一个语流。例如：era，根据上面的方法，可以划分出两个语流，一个元是音e单独构成的语流/e/，另一个是辅音字母r和元音字母a一起构成的语流/r/。comic含有两个元音字母，o和i，可以划出两个语流，co-mic。connection可划分为三个语流，con-nec-tion，因为tion是一个特殊组合，可以划为一个语流。2、重音的确定：学习单词的重读，要想找准重音，首先要划对语流。当语流找准后，我们就可以找重音了。含有三个以上语流的单词，其重音常放在倒数第三个语流上。例如： com-mo-di-ty mo-ra-li-ty in-dis-cri-mi-nate fan-ta-syir-re-co-ve-rable vo-ca-bu-la-ry en-ve-lope dis-co-ver当然，不是所有的单词都适用于这个规律，因为英语本身就不是特别有规律的语言。我们以后还会学到以特殊结尾的单词的重音规律。 3、清辅音的浊化：按照英语读音的习惯，在/s/音后的清辅音会读成相应的浊辅音，这就叫清辅音的浊化。例如：spy /spai/ /sbai/ spoon/spu:n /sbu:n/ star /sta:/ /sda:/ 4、提示：（1）当单词是以e结尾的时候（即开音节词），其中的元音字母发字母表里的音；也就是说：（辅音）+ 单个元音( a/e/i/o/u ) + 单个辅音 + e 。例如：snake /sneik/ she /Si：/ hi /hi/ go /gu/ use /ju:s/（2）以一个或一个以上的辅音字母结尾的时候（即重读闭音节词），其中的元音字母发相对短音。例如： snack /snk/ shop /SOp/ cut /kVt/ bed /bed/（3）wh-的读音：当wh-后面跟的是字母o的时候，wh-读作/h/。例如：wholly，