三级笔译样卷.doc

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试 英语三级笔译实务试卷样题及答案英语三级笔译实务试卷(样题)Section 1： English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into ChineseFreed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.In Bykovsky, a village of 457 residents at the tip of a fin-shaped peninsula on Russias northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil，at a rate of 15 to 18 feet, or 5 to 6 meters, a year. Eventually, homes will be lost as more ice melts each summer, and maybe all of Bykovsky, too.“It is practically all ice permafrost and it is thawing. ” The 4 million Russian people who live north of the Arctic Circle are feeling the effects of warming in many ways. A changing climate presents new opportunities, but it also threatens their environment, the stability of their homes, and，for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. Discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil or liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed for the eager markets of Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by air and water pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit coastal villages at a projected cost of US $ 100 million or more for each one.Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with cultural traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.In Finnmark, the northernmost province of Norway, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.A changing Arctic is felt there, too, though in another way. The reindeer are becoming unhappy, said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and as a result Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.And yet no amount of government support can convince Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring are melting the top layers of snow， which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns，” said Eira, sitting beside a birch fire inside his lavvu, a home made of reindeer hides. They dont mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it. ”Section 2： Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.中国为种类繁多的菜肴感到十分自豪。饮食是中国文化的一大要素。中国共有8大菜系，包括辛辣的川菜和清淡的粤菜。中国餐馆在 世界各地很受欢迎。然而，中国人的生活方式日益变化，无论是自己下厨还是上餐 馆，都出现了全新的饮食习惯。在一些传统的中国菜中，添加了奶酪 和番茄酱。城市消费者频繁地光顾一些快餐连锁店，包括麦当劳、肯 德基和必胜客。市场调查显示，在未来几年里，西式快餐的消费在中 国将以每年超过45%的速度持续增长，而中式快餐店有望增加15%。 收入的不断增长，对国际食品更多的了解，加上超市购物的便 捷，使中国出现了更乐于尝试包装及罐装食品的新一代消费者。随着 越来越多的家庭拥有冰箱，超市的冷冻食品不断增加，从速冻饺子到 炸薯条应有尽有。绿色有机食品也出现在大城市的商店里，但价格可 能比传统产品贵很多。由于生活方式的变化，越来越多的中国人不愿每天都采购食品。 这使包装食品更容易为大众所接受。随着有车族的增加和新城区的涌 现，超市更是日益流行。英语三级笔译实务试卷（样题）参考答案Section 1：英译汉（50 分）气候变暖，原来压在冰层下面的水自由流动，正侵蚀着北极圈附近沿岸的居民点。毕考夫斯基村是一个有457 口人的村庄，地处俄罗斯东北部沿海 一个鳍形半岛的顶端。那里的海岸正在崩溃，离房屋和取暖用油的油 罐越来越近，后撤的速度是每年18英尺，即5-6米。每年夏季，冰继续融化，最后家园将会消失，整个毕考夫斯基村可能也将不复存在。“几乎到处是冰永冻土现在却在融化。”生活在北极圈 以北的400万俄罗斯人在许多方面感受到气候变暧的影响。气候变化 带来新的机遇，但同时也威胁着他们的环境，烕胁着他们家园的稳 定，对那些以冰雪荒原为其传统之根基的人来说，也威胁着他们文化的生存。开发北方的步伐因北极海域的冰融化而加快。这对当地百姓来 说，既会带来好处，也会带来危险。巴伦支海和喀拉海大油田的发现 增加了人们对灾难性事故的恐惧，因为不断有满载石油或液化气的船 只穿过斯堪的纳维亚半岛沿海的渔场，驶往望眼欲穿的欧洲和北美市 场。随着发电机、大烟囱和大型运输工具不断涌现，以支持能源工业 的发展，过去人迹罕见的地方可能会遭受空气和水污染。海岸的侵蚀在阿拉斯加也是一个问题，迫使美国准备将沿岸好几 处因纽特人的村庄迁往他处，估计每迁一个村子要耗资一亿美元。在北极圈内，当地部落数百年来生活在严寒与冰雪之中，并形成 了自己的文化传统。现在他们感受到气候和野生动物的变化，试图适 应这种状况，但不知如何是好。在挪威最北边的芬马克省，北极风光在冬末展现出来，是一望无 际的冰雪高原，一片寂静，只能听到驯鹿的叫声，和偶尔传来的放牧 人摩托雪橇的嗡嗡声。北极的变化在这里也能感受到，不过方式不同。“驯鹿变得不如 以前自在了，” 31岁的养鹿人伊萨特?艾伊拉说。在保护环境和保存地方习俗方面，没有几个国家能与挪威相比。 挪威把大量的石油收入用于这一地区，使得萨米文化仿佛经历了一场 文艺复兴。然而不论政府给以多大的帮助，也无法使艾伊拉相信他那与驯鹿 交织在一起的生活眼下不会发生变化。跟得克萨斯州的养牛人一样， 他对他的牲畜数量保密。不过他说秋季和春季温度升高，将表层积雪 融化，随后又冻成冰，这使他的驯鹿隔着冰层难以吃到地衣。艾伊拉说：“决策人都住在南边，住在城市里。他们不注意天气 的变化。只有在大自然里讨生活的人才注意天气的变化。”他是坐在 家里的火炉边说这番话的，火炉里烧的是桦木。他的家是用驯鹿皮搭 成的，这种居所叫做“拉屋”。Section 2：汉译英（50 分）China takes great pride in its varied cuisines, and food is an important element of the Chinese culture. There are eight principal cuisines, including the spicy Sichuan dishes and the light Cantonese cooking. Chinese restaurants are very popular in all parts of the world.However, changing lifestyles in China have led to new eating habits at home and in restaurants. Cheese and tomato sauces are being brought into some traditional Chinese dishes. Urban consumers have taken readily to fast-food chains, such as McDonalds, KFC and Pizza Hut. Market research shows that Western-style fast-food consumption will continue to grow in China, at an annual rate of more than 45 percent in the coming few years, while Chinese fast-food outlets are projected to grow by 15 percent.Rising incomes, combined with greater awareness of international foods and convenient supermarket, have led to the emergence of a new generation of consumers who are more willing to try packaged and canned food products. As more and more households own refrigerators，frozen food, from ready-made dumplings to French fries, are available in supermarkets. Organic products can also be found at stores in big cities， although they can be much more expensive than conventional products.Owing to changed lifestyles, a growing number of Chinese are unwilling to go shopping for food every day, leading to an increased acceptance of packaged items. Rising car ownership and the emergence of new suburbs are additional factors in the growing popularity of supermarkets.1LONGYEARBYEN, Norway With plant species disappearing at an alarming rate, scientists and governments are creating a global network of plant banks to store seeds and sprouts, precious genetic resources that may be needed for man to adapt the worlds food supply to climate change.挪威朗伊尔城随着植物物种正在以骇人听闻的速度灭绝，科学家和各国政府正在创建全球网络性的植物库来储存种子和苗芽。人类可以利用这些珍贵的种芽资源确保充足的食物供应，以应对气候变化。 2This week, the flagship of that effort, the Global Seed Vault near here, received its first seeds, millions of them. Bored into the middle of a frozen Arctic mountain topped with snow, the vaults goal is to store and protect samples of every type of seed from every seed collection in the world.本周，作为这种不懈努力的旗舰机构，“全球种子地库”接收了首批数百万种的种子。该地库建于北极的一座白雪皑皑的大山之中，其目标是储存和保护世界各地收藏的各类种子样本。 3As of Thursday, thousands of neatly stacked and labeled gray boxes of seeds peas from Nigeria, corn from Mexico reside in this glazed cavelike structure, forming a sort of backup hard drive, in case natural disasters or human errors erase the seeds from the outside world.截至周四，成千上万个堆放整齐且贴有标签的灰色种盒在上釉的洞穴式结构中安家落户，如尼日利亚的豌豆、墨西哥的玉米。这些盒子就如已经备份了的电脑硬盘，以防世界上的植物物种会因自然灾害和人为破坏而消失。 4Descending almost 500 feet under the permafrost, the entrance tunnel to the seed vault is designed to withstand bomb blasts and earthquakes. An automated digital monitoring system controls temperature and provides security akin to a missile silo or Fort Knox. No one person has all the codes for entrance.通往种子地库的入口隧道，位于永冻带下约500英尺处，其设计旨在防御爆炸和地震。自动化数字监控系统用于控制温度并提供类似导弹发射井或福特诺克斯军事基地的安全保障。任何人都不单独拥有进入种子库的全部密码。 5The Global Vault is part of a broader effort to gather and systematize information about plants and their genes, which climate change experts say may indeed prove more valuable than gold. In Leuven, Belgium, scientists are scouring the world for banana samples and preserving their shoots in liquid nitrogen before they become extinct. A similar effort is under way in France on coffee plants. A number of plants, most from the tropics, do not produce seeds that can be stored. 目前，世界上很多人士致力于收集种子及其种子基因的信息并使之系统化，全球种子地库是这种全球性努力的的一个缩影。气候变化专家称，这些信息要比金子还 要贵重。在比利时的鲁汶，科学家正在搜集世界上的香蕉样本并将香蕉芽保存在液体氮中，以防其灭绝。法国也正在进行类似的努力，保护咖啡物种。很多植物，大 多数是来自热带地区的植物，无法通过种子繁殖，不能产生可供储存的种子。6For years, a hodgepodge network of seed banks has been amassing seed and shoot collections in a haphazard manner. Labs in Mexico banked corn species. Those in Nigeria banked cassava. Now these scattershot efforts are being urgently consolidated and systematized, in part because of better technology to preserve plant genes and in part because of the rising alarm about climate change and its impact on world food production.多年来，很多庞杂的种子 库网络一直以随意的方式收集种子和苗芽。例如，墨西哥的实验室收藏玉米种，尼日利亚的实验室收藏木薯种。现在，正对这些分散的努力进行亟需的整合和系统化 操作。之所以可以这样做，部分原因是储存植物基因技术的更新，部分原因是气候变化的警钟继续长鸣及其对世界粮食产量的影响。7“We started thinking about this post-9/11 and on the heels of Hurricane Katrina,” said Cary Fowler, president of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, a nonprofit group that runs the vault. “Everyone was saying, why didnt anyone prepare for a hurricane before? We knew it was going to happen.卡里福勒是一家负责管理种子库的非营利性组织全球作物多样性托管会的总裁，他说：“我们是在911事件之后、尤其是卡特里娜飓风之后，开始有这个构想的。” 他还说：“每个人都在问：为什么事先不作好迎接飓风的准备呢？我们明明知道会发生飓风的。” 8“Well, we are losing biodiversity every day its a kind of drip, drip, drip. Its also inevitable. We need to do something about it.”他指出：“喏，我们每天都在损失生物多样性一点一滴地在损失。这种损失没有止步的迹象，我们必须为此做点什么。” 9This week the urgency of the problem was underscored as wheat prices rose to record highs and wheat stores dropped to the lowest level in 35 years. A series of droughts and new diseases cut wheat production in many parts of the world. “The erosion of plants genetic resources is really going fast,” said Dr. Rony Swennen, head of the division of crop biotechnology at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, who has preserved half of the worlds 1,200 banana types. “Were at a critical moment and if we dont act fast, were going to lose a lot of plants that we may need.”本周，由于小麦价格上升到最高纪录水平和小麦储存量下滑到35年来最低水平，更加突出了这个问题的紧迫 性。由于一连串的干旱及新的疾病，世界很多地方的小麦产量下降。罗尼斯文奈恩博士现任比利时鲁汶天主教大学作物生物技术部主任，他保存了世界上1200 种香蕉种的一半以上。斯文奈恩博士说：“植物基因资源正在受到快速侵蚀。”他还指出：“我们正处于关键时刻，如果不迅速采取行动，我们将失去很多我们需要 的植物物种。”10The United Nations International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, ratified in 2004, created a formal global network for banking and sharing seeds, as well as for studying their genetic traits. Last year, its database received thousands of new seeds.已于2004年获得批准的联合国国际植物基因资源条约创建了一个正式的全球网络，旨在对种子进行储存和共享并对其遗传特征进行研究。去年，有成千上万的新种子在其数据库安家落户。 11A system of plant banks could be crucial in responding to climate crises since it could identify genetic material and plant strains better able to cope with a changed environment.由于植物库系统能够识别出那些对环境变化适应能力较强的基因物质和植物种类，因而这种系统能在应对气候危机中发挥至关重要的作用。 12Here at the Global Vault, hundreds of gray boxes containing seeds from places ranging from Syria to Mexico were moved this week into a freezing vault to be placed in suspended animation. They harbor a vast range of qualities, like the ability to withstand drier, warmer climate.本周，数以百计的装有种子的灰色盒子从叙利亚、墨西哥等地运至全球种子地库，藏于这个冷冻库之中。储存在这里的种子具有很多特性，如能够抵御较为干燥和较为温暖的气候。13Climate change is expected to bring new weather stresses, as well as new plant pests into agricultural regions. Heat-trapping carbon dioxide emissions will produce not just global warming but an increase in extreme weather events, like floods and droughts, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded.政府间气候变化专门委员会得出结论：气候变化可能会加剧恶劣天气，并给农业地区带来新的植物害虫。导致温室效应的二氧化碳的排放不仅会导致全球气候变暖，而且会增加水灾和干旱等极端天气状况。 14Already three-quarters of biodiversity in crops has been lost in the last century, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Eighty percent of maize types that existed in the 1930s are gone, for example. In the United States, 94 percent of peas are no longer grown.据联合国粮农组织统计，四分之三的农作物领域的生物多样性在上个世纪已经消失。例说，存在于二十世纪三十年代的各种玉米种，现在80已经灭绝了。在美国，94的豌豆已不复存在。 15Seed banks have operated for decades, but many are based in agricultural areas and few are as high-tech or secure as the Global Seed Vault. They have often been regarded as resources for hobbyists, scientists, farmers and others rather than as a tool for human survival. 种子库已运营数十年，但很多都建在农业区，而且很少有种子库具有像全球种子地库这样的高科技设施和安全保障。这些种子库通常一直被视作植物爱好者、科学家、农民和其他人的资源，而不是被视作一种可以确保人类幸存的工具。 16Their importance and vulnerability have become apparent in recent years. Seed banks in Afghanistan and Iraq were destroyed during conflicts in those nations, by looters who were after the plastic containers that held the seeds. In the Philippines, a typhoon bore through the wall of a seed bank, destroying numerous samples.近年来，这些种子库的重要性和脆弱性日益显现。阿富汗和伊拉克的种子库在各自国内发生冲突期间均遭到摧毁，装有种子的塑料容器遭到洗劫。在菲律宾，台风刮倒了一家种子库的墙壁，同时也摧毁了无以计数的种子样本。 17In reviewing seed bank policies a few years ago, experts looked at the banks in a new light, Dr. Fowler said: “We said, we may have some of the best seed banks in the world, but look at where they are: Peru, Colombia, Syria, India, Ethiopia, the Philippines. So a lot of us were asking, whats plan B?”在回顾数年前的种子库政策时，专家们开始用新的眼光看待种子库。福勒博士说：“我们说过，我们可能有一些世界上最好的种子库，但它们都在秘鲁、叙利亚、印度、埃塞阿比亚和菲律宾。因此，有许多人早就在问：我们的B计划是什么？” 18The goal of the new global plant banking system is to protect the precious stored plant genes from the vagaries of climate, politics and human error. Many banks are now “in countries where the political situation is not stable, and it is difficult to rely on refrigeration,” Dr. Swennen said. Seeds must be stored at minus 20 degrees Celsius, that is, well below freezing, and plants that rely on cryopreservation must be far colder. 这个新的全球植物库系统的目标是保护储藏起来的珍贵植物基因免遭气候变化、政治动荡和人为过错的损害。斯文奈恩博士指出，很多种子库设在“一些政治局势动荡、冷藏条件得不到保障的国家”。种子必须储存在零下20摄氏度，而依赖于低温储藏的植物必须储存在更冷的条件下。 19“We are inside a mountain in the Arctic because we wanted a really, really safe place that operates by itself,” Dr. Fowler said. Underground near Longyearbyen, just 600 miles from the North Pole, the seeds will stay frozen despite power failures. The Global Crop Diversity trust is also financing research into methods for storing genetic material from plants like bananas and coconuts that cannot be stored as seed.福勒博士说：“种子库位于北极山脉之下，因为我们需要一个真正安全的、具备绝对储存条件的地方。”种子储存在 距离北极仅仅600英里的朗伊尔城，即使在停电的情况下，种子也处于冷藏状态之下。像香蕉和椰子等植物无法通过储存种子来保留物种。全球作物多样性托管会 还负责为这类植物的基因物质储藏方法的研究筹集资金。20The vault was built by Norway, and its operations are financed by government and private donations, including $20 million from Britain, $12 million from Australia, $11 million from Germany and $6.5 million from the United States. The effort to preserve a wide variety of plant genes in banks is particularly urgent because many farms now grow just one or two crops, with very high efficiency. Like purebred dogs perfectly tailored to their task, they are particularly vul