02Unit 1 School life(2).doc

高一英语必修1（2） Unit 1 School life（2）一、知识概述1掌握和学校活动有关的常用单词、词组与句型。2学会用英语写通知和海报。3重点单词与短语：contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v.), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage, operate), host, hostess, advertise, vote; refer to 指, function as当作使用, 具有的功能, leave out省略, relate to 和相关, pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place发生, make decision作决定, make comparison作比较, take turns轮流, follow the outline按照纲要, be responsible for对负责, consist of包含,由构成, come up with想出, base on根据, have it approved by征得的同意, inform sb. of sth.告知, sign up签名参加4语法定语从句（2）二、重难点知识讲解1David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had. 大卫是我们这里最乐于助人的学生之一。（1）that we ever had为定语从句，ever常与比较级或最高级连用，表示强调、夸张或比较。e.g. I am happier than I have ever been.我现在比任何时候都开心。（2）注意当先行词前有形容词最高级修饰的时候关系词用that. 此句中的that可省略。2Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.学习一结束，他就开始了中国之旅。upon/on finishing his studies相当于as soon as he finished his studies。e.g. Upon entering the room，she sat down and began to read.她一进房间便坐下来看书。On arriving at the village, we were warmly welcomed by the villagers. 我们一到那个村子，就受到了村民们的热烈欢迎。注：“on/upon+动名词”这一句型多用来表示时间的短促和动作的紧凑，这一介词短语一般放在句首，句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。动名词也可换用相应的名词，如上例可改成：On our arrival at the village,.3The paintings that David donated to the school are being displayed in the assembly hall. 大卫捐赠给本校的油画作品正在学校会堂展览。（1）donate意为“捐赠，赠予”，及物动词，常见搭配：denote sth. to sb.e.g. The businessman donated a lot of money to the hospital.这个商人捐给医院很多钱。（2）are being displayed 为现在进行时的被动语态。e.g. The baby panda is being taken good care of by its mother.这只熊猫宝宝正受到熊猫妈妈的精心照料。4I cant go home until my mum gets home from work. 我要等我妈妈下班了才能回家。短语not until相当于汉语的“直到(才)”。e.g. They did not find the cat until the next day.直到第二天人们才找到那只猫。until跟肯定句连用，其谓语动词应为延续性动词e.g. We started at six in the evening and worked until two in the morning.我们晚上6点开始，一直工作到凌晨2点。5（1）I have to do my home work in a place that has desks and chairs.我必须在一个有课桌椅的地方做家庭作业。（2）I dont want to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small.我不想在桌椅太小的房间里学习。第一句里定语从句 that has desks and chairs的关系代词that指代主句中的名词room,作从句的主语；第二句里定语从句where desks and chairs are too small的关系副词where 指代主句中的in a room, 在从句中是地点状语。试比较：This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays.This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees.上一句的beach是北欧人度假的地方，在这个地方是地点状语，所以用关系副词where 指代；下一句中有白沙和棕榈树的是beach,它是从句的主语,所有以用关系代词that来指代。6We regret to inform you that our library will be closed next Wednesday, Thursday and Friday for the sports meeting.我们很遗憾地通知：由于举行运动会图书馆下周三、四、五三天不对外开放动词inform意思是“通知，告知”，一般用于比较正式的场合。e.g. We have been informed that the meeting would be held next Monday.我们已经接到了通知：会议将在下周一召开。另外，inform也可以和介词连用组成短语inform sb. of/ about sth.，意思是“通知某人某事”。e.g. Please inform us of any changes. 如有任何变动，请通知我们。7Our club is much more than just music. 我们的俱乐郜不只播放音乐。more than在句中的意思是“不仅仅，不只是”，表示还有更深层的含义。Mr Robert is more than our teacher. He is a friend.罗伯特先生不只是我们的老师，他还是我们的朋友。Peace is much more than the absence of war.和平不仅仅是没有战争。more than 后跟形容词、副词、分词、动词、名词， more than 起强调作用，含义是 more than 后的形容词、副词、分词、动词、名词的分量不足以反应实际情况而加以说明，汉语意思是：“十分，非常，岂止，简直，不仅仅，绰绰有余”。e.g. I am more than content with what you said.我对你的讲话十分满意。She was dressed more than simply.她穿着太朴素了。8At the end of the school year, many students who are graduating use our club to give messages to their close friends and teachers. 许多即将毕业的学生就会借助我们的广播俱乐部，向他们的好朋友和老师留下临别赠言。句中are graduating表示即将发生的动作。现在进行时除表现在外，还可以表示将来。现在进行时表将来时常有“意图、安排”或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感。它常表最近或较近的将来，所用动词多是转移动词。e.g. Please get onto Platform 4. The train is leaving. 请上四号站台，火车马上就要开了。Im going. 我要走了。When are you starting? 你什么时候动身？表将来的现在进行时除用于转移动词外，亦可用于某些非转移动词。e.g. Im meeting you after class. 课后我找你。 When I grow up, Im joining the army. 我长大了要参军。三、语法点拨定语从句（2）本讲主要讲述定语从句中关系代词that, who, which的使用场合。1关系代词that的使用场合（1）一般说来，先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing, much, little, few等，关系代词应用that。e.g. Thats all (that) I know.那就是我知道的一切。Everything that can be done is done.能做的都做了。（2）先行词之前有all, any, every, no, little, much, only, very等修饰时，关系代词应用that。e.g. Hell read all the books that are sold here.他会读那儿卖的所有书。Ask any questions (that) you dont understand. 问你不知道的问题。（3）在以疑问词who开始的疑问句中，避免两个who重复，用that。e.g. Who is the man that is shouting there?正在那边叫喊的那个人是谁？（4）当先行词是to be的表语，或关系代词本身是从句的表语时，关系代词应用that。e.g. Its a song that is very popular.它是一首很流行的歌。My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.我的家乡已不是过去那样的地方了。She is not the girl that she was three years ago.她已不是三年前的那个女孩了。（5）先行词被形容词最高级、only等修饰时，应用that。e.g. Tang Guoqiang has become one of the best actors that appear on Chinese screens.唐国强已成为中国荧屏上最好的演员之一。（6）先行词人和物两者都有时，要用that。e.g. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.他谈起他拜访过的老师和学校。（7）当主句以There be开头时，关系代词应用that。e.g. There is a seat in the corner that is still free.（8）关系代词与the same(指同一人/物)连用时，只能用that。e.g. This is the same person that I met yesterday. 这就是我昨天遇到过的同一个人。This is the same museum that you once visited.这就是你曾经参观过的博物馆。注意：the samethat结构中的that不能用as代替，因为the sameas与the samethat的含义不同。（9）一个句子中有两个定语从句时，如第一个从句中已用who，第二个从句中宜用that。e.g. The man who is at table is his brother that has been serving in the army.桌边的那个人是他曾当过兵的哥哥。（10）当一个句子中含有两个定语从句时，如前一个已用关系代词which，后一个关系代词宜用that。e.g. Ill borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders.但两个定语从句的结构如果平行，一个定语从句用关系代词that，另一个定语从句也应重复that。e.g. He told me to read a book that is very short, and that is very interesting.他告诉我读一本很短、很有趣的书。2关系代词who的使用场合（1）who可以代表人、人格化了的动物、神话故事中的人物或有生命的事物。e.g. The dog who is barking is our pet. 正在叫的狗是我们的从物。Those who want to go sign their names here. 想去的人在这儿签名。（2）在从句中，作主语倾向于用who。e.g. The girl who danced beautifully gave us a performance that day.Do you know the comrade who spoke at the meeting just now?你认识刚才在会上发言的同志吗？（3）当先行词泛指代词he，they或指示代词those等时，常用who。e.g. He who does no work gets no pay.We are badly in need of those who can work in real earnest.（4）先行词前出现不定冠词时，多用who。e.g. I have found a man who can do this work.He is a man who should learn from others.（5）在there be句型中，既作主语又表示人时多用who，或省略。e.g. There is someone outside the office who wants to see you.Theres a man who lives in that village.（6）不定代词one, ones, anyone等作先行词时，多用who。e.g. One who works without complain is welcome here.（7）定语从句和先行词分隔，用that可能引起歧义时，应用who。e.g. I saw a man in the street who was surrounded by many people.这个句子如用that，就可能被人认为是定语从句修饰street.（8）在非限制性定语从句中，一般要用who，不用that。e.g. The soldiers, who may have felt sorry for the boy, had him stand with his back to his father.（9）有两个定语从句出现在一个句子中，第一个关系代词用that的话，第二个就用who。e.g. The man that I like is the one who is both competent and diligent.但在平行结构中，应根据平行结构的原则重复同一个关系代词。e.g. I met a Greek who traveled a lot in the world, but who knew very little about his own country.注意：关系代词前如有介词或在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词要用whom。e.g. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.The brave man, whom the tiger was shot by, is a good hunter.3关系代词which的使用场合（1）如果先行词是that，关系代词应用which。e.g. What was that which you said about him?你所说的关于他们的都是些什么呀？（2）先行词和定语从句之间被其它较长的成分分隔，用which较好。e.g. I have some interests outside my professional work which give me great pleasure.我有一些本职工作以外的兴趣，这给了我很大的乐趣。（3）一个句子中如有两个定语从句，第一个定语从句用了关系代词that，第二个从句宜用which。e.g. This is the book that you borrowed which you have lost.这就是你借过又丢了的那本书。但在平行结构中，应重复同一个关系代词。e.g. I have a house which is located on the hillside, which faces the south.我有一座坐落在山边的面朝南的房子。（4）非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用which。e.g. I will buy a book, which tells about the use of English idioms.我要买一本书，是讲英文习语用法的。（5）关系代词前如有介词，关系代词要用which。e.g. They had a meeting at which he spoke on the current economic situation.他们开了一个会，会上他谈到了当前的经济形势。如把介词移至句末，可用that（或省略）。e.g. This is the book (that) she was looking for. 这就是她在找的那本书。高考解析1What he said just now _ me of that American professor.AmentionedBinformedCremindedDmemorized2Did you take enough money with you? No, I needed _ I thought I would.Anot so much asBas much as Cmuch more thanDmuch less than3Ouch! You hurt me! I am sorry. But I _ any harm. I _ to drive a rat out.Adidnt mean; triedBdont mean; am tryingChavent meant; triedDdidnt mean; was trying4Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? Yes, I have. I guess it _ now.Ahas gradedBis graded Cis being gradedDis grading5The thought of going back home was _ kept him happy while he was working abroad. AthatBall that Call whatDwhich 同步测试一、单项选择。1I am sorry I broke your mirror. Oh, really ?_AIts OK with me.BIt doesnt matter. CDont be sorry.DI dont care.2_ it is to jump into a river on a hot summer day!AWhat funBHow fun CWhat a funDWhat funny3After_, he realized that he was wrong in doing that.AsometimesBsome time CsometimeDsome times4I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.Awho isBwhich is Cthat isDwho am5Who can think of a situation _this word can be used ?AwhichBthat CwhereDin that6The doctor advised Tom strongly that he should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.AitBwho CwhichDhe7Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people ?Asuch, suchBsuch, so Cso, soDso, such8The way you thought of _ the work is very good.AdoingBto do Cthat doDwhich to do9Ill remember the time _ we spent together in the country.AwhenBat which CthatDduring which10Recently I bought an ancient vase, _ was very reasonable.Awhich priceBthe price of which Cits priceDthe price of that11Its a long trip and well have to _ early tomorrow morning.Astart offBgo off Ctake offDput off12John _ the office as he was passing ,but Mary was out.Acalled forBcalled up Ccalled onDcalled at13You can _ us in the discussion if you _.Ajoin, wish toBjoin in, want to Cattend, dont want toDtake part in, hope so14_ the internet is bridging the distance between people, it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.AWhen BWhile CAsDIf15Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster（灾难） _we radically（根本地）change the way we live.AbutBthough CunlessDin case二、单词拼写（根据首字母或汉语提示，结合句子意思写出该单词的正确形式）。1As we know, the a of 3, 4 and 8 is 5.2He is a polite boy. He has great r for his teachers at any time.3“Hi, Tom. Are you well p to go on a trip ?”He asked me.4C with many people, she is very happy.5We should i you of the date of the delegations arrival.6 He has d the habit of making notes while reading.7This work calls for an (经验)person.8Have you seen Anne (最近)?9China is still a (发展) country.10Yesterday we visited John. He said his health wa