留园中英文介绍.doc

留园【介绍】中文部分 刘建平全国重点文物保护单位。与苏州拙政园、北京颐和园、承德避暑山庄并称全国四大名园。一九九七年列入世界遗产名录。坐落在苏州阊门外，明万历年间太仆徐泰时所建，时称东园，清嘉庆时归观察刘恕，名寒碧山庄，俗称刘园。同治年间盛旭人（其儿子即盛宣怀，清著名实业家政治家，南洋公学创始人）购得，重加扩建，修葺一新，取留与刘的谐音，始称留园。科举考试的最后一个状元俞樾作留园游记称其为吴下名园之冠。留园内建筑的数量在苏州诸园中居冠，厅堂、走廊、粉墙、洞门等建筑与假山、水池、花木等组合成数十个大小不等的庭园小品。其在空间上的突出处理，充分体现了古代造园家的高超技艺、卓越智慧和江南园林建筑的艺术风格和特色。园林组成 建筑物将园划分为几部分，各建筑物设有多种门窗，可沟通各部景色，使人在室内观看室外景物时，能将以山水花木构成的各种画面一览无余，视野空间大为拓宽。 留园全园分为四个部分，在一个园林中能领略到山水、田园、山林、庭园四种不同景色：中部以水景见长，是全园的精华所在；东部以曲院回廊的建筑取胜，园的东部有著名的佳晴雨快鱼之厅、林泉耆砍之馆、还我读书处、冠云台、冠云楼等十数处斋、轩，院内池后立有三座石峰，居中者为名石冠云峰，两旁为瑞云，岫云两峰；北部具农村风光，并有新辟盆景园；西区则是全园最高处，有野趣，以假山为奇，土石相间，堆砌自然。池南涵碧山房与明瑟楼为留园的主要观景建筑。 留园以水池为中心，池北为假山小亭，林木交映。池西假山上的闻木樨香轩，则为俯视全园景色最佳处，并有长廊与各处相通。 留园内的建筑景观还有表现淡泊处世之坦然的“小桃源（小蓬莱）”以及远翠阁、曲溪楼、清风池馆等。 建筑特色留园占地30余亩，集住宅、祠堂、家庵、园林于一身，该园综合了江南造园艺术，并以建筑结构见长，善于运用大小、曲直、明暗、高低、收放等文化，吸取四周景色，形成一组组层次丰富，错落相连的，有节奏、有色彩、有对比的空间体系。全园用建筑来划分空间，可分中、东、西、北四个景区：中部以山水见长，池水明洁清幽，峰峦环抱，古木参天；东部以建筑为主，重檐迭楼，曲院回廊，疏密相宜，奇峰秀石，引人入胜；西部环境僻静，富有山林野趣；北部竹篱小屋，颇有乡村田园风味。留园的建筑在苏州园林中，不但数量多，分布也较为密集，其布局之合理，空间处理之巧妙，皆为诸园所莫及。每一个建筑物在其景区都有着自己鲜明的个性，从全局来看，没有丝毫零乱之感，给人有一个连续、整体的概念。 留园整体讲究亭台轩榭的布局，讲究假山池沼的配合，讲究花草树木的映衬，讲究近景远景的层。是游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画。 园内亭馆楼榭高低参差，曲廊蜿蜒相续有 七百米之多，颇有步移景换之妙。建筑物约占园总面积四分之一。建筑结构式样代表清代风格，在不大的范围内造就了众多而各有特性的建筑，处处显示了咫尺山林、小中见大的造园艺术手法。 明徐泰时创建时，林园平淡疏朗，简洁而富有山林之趣。至清代刘氏时，建筑虽增多，仍不失深邃曲折幽静之趣，布局和现在大体相似，部分地方还保留了明代园林的气息。到盛氏时，一经修建，园显得富丽堂皇，昔时园中深邃的气氛则消失殆尽。 全园曲廊贯穿，依势曲折，通幽渡壑，长达六七百米，廊壁嵌有历代著名书法石刻三百多方，其中有名的是董刻二王帖，为明代嘉靖年间吴江松陵人董汉策所刻，历时二十五年，至万历十三年方始刻成。空间处理留园以其独创一格、收放自然的精湛建筑艺术而享有盛名。层层相属的建筑群组，变化无穷的建筑空间，藏露互引，疏密有致，虚实相间，旷奥自如，令人叹为观止。 占地30余亩的留园，建筑占总面积的三分之一。全园分成主题不同、景观各异的东、中、西、北四个景区，景区之间以墙相隔，以廊贯通，又以空窗、漏窗、洞门使两边景色相互渗透，隔而不绝。园内有蜿蜒高下的长廊670余米，漏窗200余孔。 一进大门，留园的建筑艺术处理就不同凡响：狭窄的入口内，1两道高墙之间是长达50余米的曲折走道，造园家充分运用了空间大小、方向、明暗的变化，将这条单调的通道处理得意趣无穷。过道尽头是迷离掩映的漏窗、洞门，中部景区的湖光山色若隐若现。绕过门窗，眼前景色才一览无余，达到了欲扬先抑的艺术效果。 留园内的通道，通过环环相扣的空间造成层层加深的气氛，游人看到的是回廊复折、小院深深是接连不断错落变化的建筑组合。园内精美宏丽的厅堂，则与安静闲适的书斋、丰富多样的庭院、幽僻小巧的天井、高高下下的凉台燠馆、迤逦相属的风亭月榭巧妙地组成有韵律的整体，使园内每个部分、每个角落无不受到建筑美的光辉辐射。 留园建筑艺术的另一重要特点，是它内外空间关系格外密切，并根据不同意境采取多种结合手法。建筑面对山池时，欲得湖山真意，则取消面湖的整片墙面；建筑各方面对着不同的露天空间时，就以室内窗框为画框，室外空间作为立体画幅引入室内。室内外空间的关系既可以建筑围成庭院，也可以庭园包围建筑；既可以用小小天井取得装饰效果，也可以室内外空间融为一体。千姿百态、赏心悦目的园林景观，呈现出诗情画意的无穷境界。 留园景点 、冠云峰、五峰仙馆 - 楠木殿、鱼化石、济仙亭、明瑟楼、涵碧山房、小蓬莱、濠濮亭、曲溪楼、西楼、远翠 、林泉耆硕之馆、待云庵、冠云楼、冠云亭、冠云台、洞天一碧、小桃坞、舒啸亭、八角亭、南花房、北花房、盛家祠堂、留园住宅。Lingering Garden 【Introduction】 English sectionNational cultural heritage. Humble Administrators Garden in Suzhou, Beijing Summer Palace, Chengde Mountain Resort and said the four famous gardens in the country. 1997 on the World Heritage List. Outside the gate of heaven is located in Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty when Taipu Thai Xu Jian, said in East Park, the normalized observation Jiaqing Liu Shu, name Hanbi Hill, commonly known as Liu Yuan. Tongzhi Sheng Xu people (ie his son Sheng, Qing-known industrialist, politician, Nanyang founder) purchased, heavy, and enlarged, renovated, take leave and Lius homonym, said before leaving park. The final examinations of a champion Yu Yue for Lingering Garden Travels Wu called the highest under the name Park. The number of park building to stay in Suzhou ranks highest in the various gardens, halls, corridors, expanse, Portal and other buildings and rockeries and ponds, flowers, etc. combined into dozens of pieces of different sizes in the garden. Its outstanding processing in space, fully embodies the ancient skill of gardeners, landscape architecture superior wisdom and the art of southern style and features. Garden compositionBuilding the park is divided into several parts, each building has a variety of doors and windows, can communicate with ministries scenery, people in the room watching the outdoor scene, can pose a variety of flowers and landscapes will be sweeping the screen, greatly expand the horizons of space . Lingering Garden, the Park is divided into four parts, in a garden to experience the landscape, fields, forests, gardens, four different views: Central to Waterscape known, is the essence of the whole garden; the eastern corridor of the building in order to win music School , east of the famous park good barometer Kuaiyu the hall, cut the Linquan Society Museum, also at my school, crown head, the crown at the fasting dozen such Yun Lou, Xuan, there are three hospital immediately after the pinnacle of pool, center who in the name of Dan Guanyun peaks on both sides of the Ruiyun, Chu Wan two peaks; north with rural scenery, and a bonsai garden shed; West is the highest point of the entire park, with rustic charm, the rockery is odd, debris and white, piled natural. Pool room and the South Han Bishan Park Mincer floor for the main view left building. Lingering Garden in the center pool, pool kiosk north rockery, trees make mapping. News on West rockery pool Xiangxuan osmanthus, for the best views overlooking the park at all, and throughout the promenade and interlinked. The parks architectural attractions are to remain indifferent attitude of life is honestly the performance of Little Taoyuan (small Penglai) and as far away Tsui Court, Qu River House, the wind pool Archive. Architectural FeaturesLingering Garden covers 30 acres, set houses, ancestral home Um, in a garden, the park combines South Garden Art, and to building structures known, good at using the size, right and wrong, light and shade, height, retractable, and other cultural, draw around the landscape, forming a bundle of rich layers, scattered connected, there is rhythm, color, space systems are compared. To divide the whole garden with architectural space can be divided into central, eastern, western and north area: Central to landscape known, quiet and clean water out, surrounded by peaks and ridges, and ancient trees; the eastern part of the main building, floor, eaves Diego, Qu hospital corridors, density affordable, Qi Xiu Shi, fascinating; western environment quiet, full of rustic charm of the mountains; northern bamboo fence house, quite rural countryside flavor. Lingering Garden in Suzhou garden architecture, not only the quantity, distribution is more dense, and its layout reasonable, spatial processing, the clever, are all various gardens of the late. Each building in the area all have their own distinct personality, from the global point of view, without the slightest sense of disorder, giving a continuous and overall concept. Pay attention to the park to stay the whole layout of pavilions and Villa Terrace, pay attention to the cooperation pond rockery, flowers and trees against the background of stress, stress level close-range vision. No matter who is the tour from which point, the front is always a perfect picture. Terrace Park Pavilion Pavilion floor level varies, verandas winds continued to seven hundred meters relative to many, the scenes in quite a step change in essence. Park, about a quarter of the total area of the building. Representative of the Qing Dynasty style style building structure, in the context of small and have created a number of architectural features, always show the right close by the mountains, small in the large garden art practices. Ming Xu DIAS created, Lin Yuanping Lichtung short, concise and full of interest in the mountains. To Liu Qing, the Building, although increased, still twists and turns without losing the deep quiet of interest, layout, and is now broadly similar, some spots, the Ming Dynasty garden atmosphere. To Shengs time, once built, the garden looked magnificent, deep garden atmosphere of yore are gone. Throughout the whole garden verandas, according to potential twists and turns, through quiet crossing sink, as long as six or seven meters, Langbi embedded multi-hundred ancient stone well-known calligraphy, is the director of the famous moment where the two kings of posts for Jiajingnianjian Ming Wu Jiang Songling Dong Han people policies of the moment, which lasted twenty-five years to ten years Wanli carved tenor.Spatial processingLingering Garden, one cell with its unique, retractable natural renowned for exquisite architecture. Layers of the construction phase is a group infinite variety of architectural space, each cited concealment and revelation, density has caused, the actual situation and white, open Austrian freely, it is amazing. Remain an area of 30 acres of park, building one-third of the total area. The whole garden is divided into different themes, different landscapes of the East, central and west and north area, the wall between the separated area to Gallery through so, on the window, Louchuang, Portal to view both sides of mutual penetration, rather than separated absolutely. A winding corridor of the park compete with more than 670 meters, Louchuang more than 200 holes. Enter the gate, leaving Park deal to extraordinary architecture: the narrow entrance, 1 between the two walls 50 meters long and tortuous corridors, gardeners make full use of the space, direction, light and dark changes, this article monotonous channels handled Interesting. End of the passage is blurred glimpses Louchuang, Portal, the central area of the lakes and mountains looming. Around windows and doors, front view only glance, like Young before reaching the artistic effect of suppression. Park left the channel, through the chain of space caused by deeper layers of the atmosphere, visitors see a corridor complex folding, small homes scattered deep is the successive changes in the construction portfolio. Park Hong-li beautiful hall, the leisure and quiet den, a variety of garden, small secluded patio, balcony under the high burden of the next hall, meandering phase of the Wind Pavilion is a pavilion on the composition cleverly rhythmic whole, so that each part of the park, all by the architectural beauty in every corner of the glorious radiation. Lingering Garden, another important feature of the architecture is its extremely close relationship between in