中外文化异同.doc

中国所没有的国外主要节日成人节(日本，1月15日)-ADULTS DAY 情人节(2月14日)-ST.VALENTINES DAY (VALENTINES DAY) 狂欢节（巴西，二月中、下旬)-CARNIVAL 桃花节(日本女孩节，3月3日)-PEACH FLOWER FESTIVAL (DOLLS FESTIVAL） 国际妇女节(3月8日)-INTERNATIONAL WOMENS DAY 圣帕特里克节(爱尔兰，3月17日)-ST. PATRICKS DAY 枫糖节(加拿大，3-4月)-MAPLE SUGAR FESTIVAL 愚人节(4月1日)-FOOLS DAY 复活节(春分月圆后第一个星期日)-EASTER 宋干节(泰国新年4月13日)-SONGKRAN FESTIVAL DAY 食品节(新加坡，4月17日)-FOOD FESTIVAL 国际劳动节(5月1日)-INTERNATIONAL LABOUR DAY 男孩节(日本，5月5日)-BOYS DAY 母亲节(5月的第二个星期日)-MOTHERS DAY 把斋节-BAMADAN 开斋节(4月或5月，回历十月一日)-LESSER BAIRAM 银行休假日(英国, 5月31日)-BANK HOLIDAY 国际儿童节(6月1日)-INTERNATIONAL CHILDRENS DAY 父亲节(6月的第三个星期日)-FATHERS DAY 仲夏节(北欧6月)-MID-SUMMER DAY 古尔邦节(伊斯兰节，7月下旬)-CORBAN 筷子节(日本，8月4日)-CHOPSTICS DAY 敬老节(日本，9月15日)-OLD PEOPLES DAY 啤酒节(德国十月节，10月10日)-OKTOBERFEST 南瓜节(北美10月31日)-PUMPKIN DAY 鬼节(万圣节除夕，10月31日夜)-HALLOWEEN 万圣节(11月1日)-HALLOWMAS 感恩节(美国，11月最后一个星期4)-THANKSGIVING 圣诞除夕(12月24日)-CHRISTMAS EVE 圣诞节(12月25日)-CHRISTMAS DAD 节礼日(12月26日)-BOXING DAY 新年除夕(12月31日)-NEW YEARS EVE(a bank holiday in many countries)*中国的除夕元旦的由来英文版：Introduction Yuandan is the first day of the lunar calendar. It is the day when the earth has circled the sun for one round and is beginning another circling. It represents a new beginning when people send off the old days and welcome the new ones. As the first day of the year, Yuandan has been considered to be the most important festival since the ancient times. Customs 1. Kaisui(beginning of the year): According to the Chinese traditional custom, starting from haishi(9p.m. to 11p.m.)of the last evening of the twelfth lunar month, each family must prepare offering s to deities at the altar. At the same time, they too prepare food for the New Year day: The whole family will then stay awake together to attend to the year(called shou sui). After haishi, zishi(11p.m. to 1a.m.)will come, and this is the arrival of New Year(Yuandan). At this moment, people begin the celebration with fireworks. Vegetarian and sweet foods will then be placed are the altar for offerings, and incense be burned to welcome the deities. In the ancient times, it was believed that haishi connected the two years and thus was called kaisui. At the same night, some families will follow the instruction in Tongshu and place preparing altar in the direction of the fortune deity during the fortune time to receive the deity. If the direction of the fortune deity is at the ill position, people will choose to receive happy deity or noble deity instead. 2. There is an apparent difference in the custom of food taking on Yuandan between the Chinese in the northern and southern regions. The northern Chinese has the habit of taking jiao zi(dumpling made of flour with vegetable and meat wrapped inside). Some people may put a sweet or a coin inside jiao zi, hoping to have a sweet year after tasting the sweet and a wealthy year after tasting the coin. on the other hand, the southern Chinese have the taboo for killing on Yuandan. Therefore, they do not take meat in tee morning of Yuandan, so as to avoid bloodshed or mutual slaughter. In order to evade misfortune, they have the first meal of this day without meat. Instead, they take vegetarian food for the sake of virtue. 3. What is special during the New Year is that parents or elders will distribute red packets(ang pao or ya sui qian)to the children. People in the ancient times were more particular in giving away the red packets: the distribution took place on the eve of New Year so that the kids could suppress the past year and enter the New Year. Ya sui has the meaning of overcoming the unpredictable future. Representing the wishes for the healthy psychological growth of the children, ya sui qian symbolises the elders hope to see their children overcome all the unpredictable elements brought by the year.*外国的除夕（The New Years Eve）由于文化和习俗的不同，各国人民庆祝元旦和新年的方式也有一定的差异。在英国，在新年即将到来的除夕之夜（New Years Eve），不少人都有守岁的习惯。当到了午夜12点，教堂的大钟敲响新年的到来，人们便会欢呼起来，相互拥抱，祝贺新年，气氛十分热烈。在美国，新年期间最热闹的时刻可能要算除夕夜。在这天晚上，人们为了迎接新年的到来，会举行各式各样的庆祝活动。有的人举行晚会，唱歌跳舞，庆祝新年；有的人去教堂祈祷，希望自己在新的一年能交上好运，大有作为；还有的则干脆去各类娱乐场所玩个痛快。一到午夜12点，教堂钟声大作，这时好像整个世界都要欢腾似的，不仅汽笛长鸣，人们也跟着吹口哨、欢呼，甚至按汽车喇叭，乐队高奏有名的怀旧歌曲一路平安，全国的人都沉浸在一片欢乐之中。Americans usually have a large celebration on New Years Day. At the moment of the coming of the New Year，the ring，whistles blow and everyone cheers. When people meet，they say，“Happy New Year!”People often have black-eyed peas to eat on New Years Day because they believe this dish will bring them good luck for the new year.不同国家的国庆节*中国国庆节：National Day material - various countries National Day origin The National Day is each national important holiday, but the name has differently. Many countries are called the National Day or the National Day, but also has some countries to call the independent date or the independent festival, also some calling republican date, republic date, revolutionary date, liberation date, national revival festival, constitution date and so on, but also has directly to the countrys name adds on the date, like the Australian date, the Pakistani date, some take kings birthday or ascends the base date as the National Day, in case king changes, National Day specific date also along with it replacement. Every time meets the National Day, the various countries all must hold the different form celebration, strengthens the our country peoples patriotic consciousness, the enhancement country cohesive force. Between the various countries also all must mutually express the congratulation. Meets five meets for ten National Days, some also must expand the celebration scale. In order to celebrate the National Day, the various countries government usually must hold a time of National Day reception, by the head of state, the head of government or foreign minister acts on behalf of to manage, the invitation is stationed at the locality the various countries diplomatic agent and other important foreign guests participates. But also has the country does not hold the reception, like US, England do not hold the reception.“国庆”一词,本指国家喜庆之事,最早见于西晋.西晋的文学家陆机在五等诸侯论一文中就曾有“国庆独飨其利,主忧莫与其害”的记载、我国封建时代、国家喜庆的大事,莫大过于帝王的登基、诞辰（清朝称皇帝的生日为万岁节）等.因而我国古代把皇帝即位、诞辰称为“国庆”.今天称国家建立的纪念日为国庆. 1949年10月1日,是新中国成立的纪念日.这里应该说明一点,在许多人的印象中,1949年的10月l日在北京天安门广场举行了有数十万军民参加的中华人民共和国开国大典.其实,人们头脑中的这一印象并不准确.,1949年10月1日在天安门广场举行的典礼是中华人民共和国中央人民政府成立盛典,而不是开国大典.实际上,中华人民共和国的“开国”,也就是说中华人民共和国的成立,早在当年10月1日之前一个星期就已经宣布过了.当时也不叫“开国大典”,而是称作“开国盛典”.时间是1949年9月21日.这一天,中国人民政治协商会议筹备会主任毛泽东在政协第一届会议上所致的开幕词中就已经宣告了新中国的诞生. 那么10月1日的国庆又是怎么回事呢？在中国人民政治协商会议第一届全国委员会第一次会议上,许广平发言说：“马叙伦委员请假不能来,他托我来说,中华人民共和国的成立,应有国庆日,希望本会决定把10月1日定为国庆日.”毛泽东说“我们应作一提议,向政府建议,由政府决定.”1949年10月2日,中央人民政府通过关于中华人民共和国国庆日的决议,规定每年10月1日为国庆日,并以这一天作为宣告中华人民共和国成立的日子.从此,每年的10月1日就成为全国各族人民隆重欢庆的节日了. *其他世界各国的国庆与独立日 1 月 1日 古巴解放日-Liberation Day (CUBA) 苏丹独立日-Independence Day (SUDAN) 4日 缅甸独立日-Independence Day (MYANMAR) 18日 突尼斯革命日-Revolution Day (TUNIDIA) 26日 澳大利亚日-Australia Day 印度共和国日-Repubic Day (INDIA) 28日 卢旺达民