词汇考察要点.doc

词汇考察要点认词能力 辨词能力 对短语动词的掌握和运用 对固定搭配的掌握和运用1. 认词能力 选择项词类相同、词义不同；在词形、词义方面无任何干扰；需熟悉词义，根据句意做出选择。例如：The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer _ according to the weather.A. evaluated B. converted C. fluctuated D. modified2. 辨词能力 选择项要么在词义上、要么在词形上相同或相近。要进行词义辨析才能做出选择。例如：1. From the incident they have learned a lesson: _ decisions often lead to bitter regrets. A. urgent B. hasty C. instant D. prompt2. After long negotiations, the firm _ to build a double-purpose bridge across the river. A. contracted B. contacted C. consulted D. convinced 3. 对短语动词的掌握和运用 短语动词即动词+介词或副词。选择项可以是动词相同而介词或副词不同的短语动词，也可以是动词不同而介词或副词相同的短语动词。例如：1. The brave firemen had fought for days before they managed to _ the forest fire. A. put on B. put up C. put off D. put out2. It was very difficult to build a power station in the deep valley, but it _ as we had hoped.A. came off B. went off C. brought out D. made out4. 对固定搭配的掌握和运用 固定搭配也称习惯用语或词组，例如形容词+介词，动词+名词（+介词），副词+介词，介词短语等。选择项可以完整的一个固定搭配，也可以是固定搭配中的一部分。例如：1. Christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on December 25th _ the birth of Jesus Christ. A. in accordance with B. in terms ofC. in favor of D. in honor of2. One of the first metals put _ by early human beings was copper. A. into use B. for useC. in use D. to use补充材料1 近音、近形词1. aboard ad. & prep. abroad ad. board n.vt. broad a. 2. abstract a. subtract vt. (from) 3. accent n. access n. assess vt. excess n. 4. acquire vt. enquire v. inquire v. require vt. 5. adapt vt. vi.(to) adopt vt. 6. affect vt. effect n. vt. infect vt.7. alone a. ad. lonely a.8. altitude n. attitude n. (to, towards)9. arise vi. (arose, arisen) arouse vt. (aroused .aroused; raise vt. (raised, raised) rise vi. (rose, risen)10.assume vt. consume vt. presume v. resume v.11. assure vt. ensure vt. insure vt. 12. award n. vt. ( award sb. sth. ; award sth. to sb. ) reward n. vt. (to reward a person for his services; to reward his services with a pension; to reward a person according to his deserts)13. conceive v. deceive v. perceive vt. 14. considerable a. considerate a. 15. contact n. vt. contract n. vi. contrast n. vt. vi. (with) 16. attribute v. contribute vt distribute vt. 17. crash v. n. crush vt 18. desert n. vt. dessert n. 19. destination n. distinction n. 20. deduce vt. ( from) reduce vt. 21. deserve vt. preserve vt. reserve vt. 22. different a. indifferent a.23. extensive a. intensive a24. efficient a. sufficient a.24. formal a. former a.26.honorable a. honorary a. 27. imaginable a. imaginative a. imaginary a. 28. imitate vt. intimate a.29. inferior a. superior a. 30. interpret vt. interrupt vt. 31. later ad. latter a. 32. most ad. mostly ad.33. principal n. a. principle n. 34. possess vt. process vt.35. protect vt. protest v. n. (against) 36. present vt. represent vt. 37. sensible a. sensitive a. (to) 38. special a. specific a. 29. successful a. successive a. 40. staff n. vt. stuff n. vt. (with, into, in)41. statue n. status n. 42. wander vt. wonder vi. vt. n. 43. apply v. applicable a. applicant n. application n. applied a. 44. compete v. competition n. competitive petitor n.45. continue v. continual a. continually ad. continuous a continuously ad. continuance n. continuation n. continuity n.45. economize v. economy n. economic a. economical a. economically ad. economics n. economist n. 47. electrify v. electric a. electrical a. electricity n. electrician n. 48. employ v. employment n. employee n. employer n. unemployment n. 49. produce v. n. producer n. product duction ductive ductivity n.50. respect v. n.respectable a. respectablely ad. respectful a. respectfully ad. respecting prep. respective a. respectively ad. .respects n. 51. vary vt. vi. variable a. variance n. beat variance (with) variant a. n. variation n. varied a. variety n. various a. variously ad. 补充材料2 基本动词构成的动词短语1. break down/ in/ off/ through/ up2. bring about/ forward/ out/ up3. come out/ off/ round to/ up against/ up to/ up with 4. cut across/ back/ down/ in/ off/ out5. get across/ along/ by/ down/ down to/ on with/ over/ through6. give away/ in/ off/ out7. go /after/ along with/ by/ for/ in for/ into/ over/ through 8.hand down/ in/ on/ out/ over9. hang about/ on/ on to/ up10. hold on/ on to/ out/ up11.keep back/ down/ off/ to/ up/ up with12. lay off/ down/ out/ aside13.look down upon/ in/ into/ on/ out/ over/ though/ up14.pull down/ in/ out/ through/ up15.put aside/ across/ away/ down/ forward/ on/ out/ up/ through16.run down/ into/ out/ over/ through17.see about/ off/ to/ through 18.set aside/ about/ back/ down/ off/ 19.stand by/ for/ out/ up for/ up to20.turn down/ in/ out/ over/ to/ up21. take after/ apart/ down/ in/ on/ over/ off/ to/ up22.fall back/ behind/ upon/ out23. pass by/ on / out/ over/ up24. stick at/ by/ to/ with补充材料3 固定搭配I. prep. + n. 1. Studying may be difficult just now, but you will benefit _.A. in conclusion B. in the long run C. in the last analysis D. in terms of money 2. They kept the public _ about the secret arrangement.A. in the dark B. in due course C. in the openD. in the event II. prep. + n. + prep.3. A monument was erected at the central square _ those who died in defending the city during the war.A. in favor of B. with regard to C. in honor of D. with respect to 4. He applied foe financial aid. A few days later it came _ a loanA. in the name of B. in the form of C. by means of D. for the sake ofIII. adv. + prep. + n. 5. The failure of electricity put all the telephones in the region _.A. out of order B. out of tune C. out of hearing D. out of action 动词练习(常见的动词与其它词类搭配的短语)I. v.+ n.+ prep.1. The findings _ the burial customs of the Indian tribes of that area.A. threw light on B. give rise to C. paid respect to D. take account of 2. In the time of social reform, peoples state of mind tends to keep _ with the rapid changes of society.A. step B. progress C. pace D. touchII. v. + n. 3. The manager lost his _ just because his secretary was late for ten minutes.A. mood B. temper C. mind D. passionIII. v. +adj.4. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes _, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.A. dim B. faint C. blank D. vain 补充材料4 搭配易错的词下列词在使用时容易与汉语用法混淆:(1)汉语含有 与意思，但英语直接接宾语，不再需要介词with的词: contact与接触 concern与有关 contradict与矛盾divorce与分离/离婚 marry与结合/结婚 match与匹配 resemble与相像 rival与争斗 approach与打交道 (2)汉语含有向/对的意思，但英语直接接宾语，不再需要介词to的词 challenge 向挑战 address 向/对讲话 approach 向靠近 benefit 对有益(3) 汉语含有 为的意思，英语直接接宾语，不再需要介词for的词: serve 为服务 defend为辩护 justify为讲