定语从句学习讲解.doc

定语从句学习主编人：张照红 审议人：魏茂香 关新玲 钟素坤 领导签字： 2010.11.9一.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。 二、定语从句的关系词v 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语）和关系副词（在定语从句中作状语），常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why， how等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。词 形先行词在句中作用关系代词that指人或物主,宾语which指物主,宾语who指人主,宾语whom指人宾语Whose(=of whom/ of which)指人或物定语关系副词When(=介词+which)指时间状语Where(介词+which)指地点状语how指方式状语Why(=for which)指原因状语三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如1.The man who came here yesterday has come again.2.My sister, who is twenty, works in a bank.四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）eg:1.A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly.2. He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man (that) I told you about2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?连接句子1.Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat（山羊）. The goat is eating her flowers. 2. Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night. 注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。例如：Is this the library from which you borrow booksthat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.(2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine. (3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first book (that) he has read.(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.(5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished.(6)主句以There be 引导时 There are 200 people that didnt know the thing. (7) 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that. She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.(8)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that.Which is the book that you bought last week?在下列情况下, 一般只用which.a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that. 如Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that. 如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that. 如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴 3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语或宾语（与that指人时可替换），whom只用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语，不可省略）She know the nurse (who/whom/ that) we met yesterday.他认识我们昨天见到的那位护士。（作宾语，可省略）1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3.当先行词是those, she ,he ,they等代詞時,关系代词用who. Those who were late for class raise your hands.练习：1.The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. 2.The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me. 3.The man is kind. Everyone likes him. 4.The woman got the job. We saw her on the street. 5.The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. 6.The boy is in the lab. You want to talk to him. 7.This is the boy. I sit behind him. 8.The lady stepped on his foot. He was dancing with the lady. 9.Do you know the man? You will visit him today. 10.The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday. 11.The dress is new. She is wearing it. 12.He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. 13.This is the best film. I have ever seen this film. 注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：1.This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。2.Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。例如：This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue练习：Eg: Do you know the girl? Her hair is very short in our class. Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?1. He is the student. I broke his pencil yesterday 2.Mr King was quickly taken to hospital. Her legs were badly hurt. 3.We shall make a decision about Ms King. I have told you her story. 4. This teacher is liked by all the students. I work with her son. 5. The chair is being repaired now. The legs of the chair are broken. 6. The boss of the company told the story about . His name was Mr Little. 7. The boss had heard about the accident. Mr King worked in his department 定语从句中的关系副词：when, where, why1.when在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词表示时间，相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”。Ill never forget the day when/ on which I joined the league.2.where在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词表示地点，相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”。This is the house where/in which I lived two years ago.3.why在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是原因，相当于“介词for+ 关系代词（which）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.选择：1. -Do you know the man _ _is talking with your father？-Yes，hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _ _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _ _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _ _the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _ _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which D.who7. The man _ _coat is black is waiting at the gate.A. whos B. whose C. that of which.8. The girl _C_ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was9. I love places _ the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world _ _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in11.Is this school_ _you visited last months?A. where B.the one where.C.that.D.the one12. We should give a hand to the people_ _need help.A. who.B.whoseC.whom D.when13. Do you know the girl _ _is standing under the tree?She is my little sister.A.who. B.whom C.whose. D.which14. Last summer I went to LuXuns hometown and visited the house_ _he was born.A.that. B.there. C.which. D.where15.The camel_ _I rode had a bad temper,and Igot very tird.A.that. B.whose. C.who. D.where16.Jack,there is someone in the office_ _would like to speak with you.A. who. B. which C. whom17.What kind of music do you like? I like