华兹华斯的诗歌.doc

英国华兹华斯 顾子欣 译 我好似一朵孤独的流云， 高高地飘游在山谷之上， 突然我看到一大片鲜花， 是金色的水仙遍地开放。 它们开在湖畔，开在树下 它们随风嬉舞，随风飘荡。 它们密集如银河的星星， 像群星在闪烁一片晶莹； 它们沿着海湾向前伸展， 通向远方仿佛无穷无尽； 一眼看去就有千朵万朵， 万花摇首舞得多么高兴。 粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳， 却不知这水仙舞得轻俏； 诗人遇见这快乐的伙伴， 又怎能不感到欢欣雀跃； 我久久凝视-却未能领悟 这景象所给带给我的精神至宝。 后来多少次我郁郁独卧， 感到百无聊赖心灵空漠； 这景象便在脑海中闪现， 多少次安慰过我的寂寞； 我的心又随水仙跳起舞来， 我的心又重新充满了欢乐。 赏析这首诗写于诗人从法国回来不久。诗人带着对自由的向往去了法国，参加一些革命活动。但法国革命没有带来预期的结果，随之而来的是混乱。诗人的失望和受的打击是可想而知的，后来在他的朋友和妹妹的帮助下，情绪才得以艰难地恢复。这首诗就写于诗人的心情平静之后不久。 在诗的开头，诗人将自己比喻为一朵孤独的流云，孤单地在高高的天空飘荡。孤傲的诗人发现一大片金色的水仙，它们欢快地遍地开放。在诗人的心中，水仙已经不是一种植物了，而是一种象征，代表了一种灵魂，代表了一种精神。 水仙很多，如天上的星星，都在闪烁。水仙似乎是动的，沿着弯屈的海岸线向前方伸展。诗人为有这样的旅伴而欢欣鼓舞、欢呼跳跃。在诗人的心中，水仙代表了自然的精华，是自然心灵的美妙表现。但是，欢快的水仙并不能时时伴在诗人的身边，诗人离开了水仙，心中不时冒出忧郁孤寂的情绪。这时诗人写出了一种对社会、世界的感受：那高傲、纯洁的灵魂在现实的世界只能郁郁寡欢。当然，诗人的脑海深处会不时浮现水仙那美妙的景象，这时的诗人双情绪振奋，欢欣鼓舞。 诗歌的基调是浪漫的，同时带着浓烈的象征主义色彩。可以说，诗人的一生只在自然中找到了寄托。 英文版“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” was written by William Wordsworth, the representative poet of the early romanticism. As a great poet of nature, William Wordsworth was the first to find words for the most elementary sensations of man face to face with natural phenomena. These sensations are universal and old but, once expressed in his poetry, become charmingly beautiful and new. His deep love for nature runs through short lyrics such as “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high oer vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed - and gazed - but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is a poem about nature. With his pure and poetic language, Wordsworth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils, trees and breeze. We follow the poet at every turn of his feelings. We share his melancholy when he “wandered lonely as a cloud” and his delight the moment his heart “with pleasure fills ”. We come to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem. Edgar Allan Poe once described poetry as “ music combined with a pleasure idea”. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also makes great use of the “music ”of the language to achieve sound beauty in addition to convey meaning. He employs masculine rhyme in “a, b, a, b, c, c” pattern to receive emphasis as a musical effect. (e.g. “cloud” (a), “hills” (b), “crowd” (a), “daffodils” (b), “trees” (c), “breeze” (c) in stanza 1). He also achieves musical quality by the management of alliteration (e.g. “That floats on high oer vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance (e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5” and “ They stretched in never-ending line” in line 9) and consonance (e.g. “ vales and hills” in line 2 ). Besides the repetition of sounds, the poet also makes his poem a strong appeal for us in language that is rhythmical. He arranges his poem in lines of iambic tetrameter in the main with alternation of iambic trimeter. ( e.g. I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high oer vales and hills When all at once I saw a crowd A host, of golden daffodils Beside the lake, beneath the trees Fluttering and dancing in the breeze ) He slowed down the tempo in line 4 to keep in accordance with his bated breath the moment he glimpses at a host of golden daffodils thus convey to us the poets intoxication in the face of nature. With all these musical devices, Wordsworth secures a songlike effect of his poem in addition to communicate his emotion and meaning. An old saying goes “There are pictures in poetry and poetry in pictures”. It finds its most eloquent examples in most of the Chinese Tang poems that present the readers with beautiful pictures. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also seeks to express his emotions by providing the sense impressions he has through imagery. He depicts a picture in which “a host of golden daffodils (visual imagery) fluttering and dancing in the breeze” (kinaesthetic imagery) so vividly that it appeals richly to our senses and to our imagination. Wordsworth, in the poem, also employs figurative language to evoke not only the visual effect but also the emotional response. (e.g. in line 1, the poet makes a comparison between “I wandered lonely” and “a cloud” by the use of simile, thus convey to us his lonely and melancholy mood with the image of “cloud”. In line 7, he also amplifies the visual effect by the use of another simile “Continuous as the stars that shine” to evoke our sense of “daffodils” with the image of “stars” twinkling on the milky way which is familiar to us all. He goes further to impress us with the image of countless daffodils with an overstatement in line 9 “They stretched in never-ending line”). Besides, natural things are also endowed with human beings characters by the poets subtle use of personification. (e.g. “Tossing their heads in sprightly dance” “The waves beside them danced”) therefore, as we read the poem, we become aware of the poets deep love toward nature through his lovely and vivid description about natural things with his figurative language. Whats more, Wordsworth goes further to communicate his emotion and meaning by his thoughtful tone. The choose of the word “lonely” in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” instead of other words like carefree, leisure or jolly convey to us the poets depression and disconsolateness at the very beginning. But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes can see and finds himself in the midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poets mood from sadness to happiness manifests the theme - the great influence of nature upon human being.孤独割麦女青年英国 威廉?华兹华斯 1770-1850 1 孤独站在麦田里，窕窕少女收割忙， 边割边唱无休止，我把姑娘细端详， 过路的人要静悄悄，不要把她来打扰， 少女唱出海豚音，宇宙充满天籁声。 2 歌声带来好心情，如同长途旅行者， 走在茫茫沙漠里，听到潺潺流水声。 3 天籁之声绕耳畔，胜过夜莺歌唱声， 传到遥远河伯斯，中邪大海得新生。 4 姑娘到底唱什么，其实我也听不清。 也许是普通伤心事，也许是古老的战争。 也许是普通民谣曲，家庭，工作和爱情，柴米油盐家常事，同样打动我心灵。 5 不论姑娘唱什么，她的歌声永不停， 一面收割一面唱，如诗如幻到我心。 即使我已回家转，耳边仍有歌唱声， 姑娘纯洁天籁声，永远响彻我心灵。 The Solitary Reaper 1 BEHOLD her, single in the field, Yon solitary Highland Lass! Reaping and singing by herself， Stop here, or gently pass! Alone she cuts and binds the grain, And sings a melancholy strain; O listen! for the Vale profound Is overflowing with the sound. 2 No Nightingale did ever chaunt More welcome notes to weary bands Of travelers in some shady haunt, Among Arabian sands: 3 A voice so thrilling neer was heard In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird, Breaking the silence of the seas Among the farthest Hebrides. 4 Will no one tell me what she sings? Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow For old, unhappy, far-off things, And battles long ago: Or is it some more humble lay, Familiar matter of to-day? Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain, That has been, and may be again? 5 Whateer the theme, the Maiden sang As if her song could have no ending; I saw her singing at her work, And oer the sickle bending; I listend, motionless and still; And, as I mounted up the hill, The music in my heart I bore, Long after it was heard no more。 孤独的割麦女 华兹华斯看，她一人在田间劳作，你，高原上孤独的少女！独自边收割麦子，边唱歌。别惊扰她，停住要么悄悄走过去！ 只有她一人，又割又扎捆，吟唱一首歌谣，那么伤心；哦，听！幽深的山谷中，流溢飘荡着她的歌声。 在阿拉伯沙漠中，某个驿馆客舍，夜莺对着一群疲惫的旅人，啭鸣最令人愉悦的歌： 春天的日子，从来没有人，听到布谷鸟如此让人震颤的啼鸣，划破了遥远的赫布里斯群岛那里，大海的静谧。 没有人告诉我她歌唱的含义也许，悲伤的曲调在倾诉，悲伤的陈年往事？以及，久远的沙场争斗？ 或，只是一首相当朴素的歌儿，当今的人们习以为常的事儿？一些已经产生，有可能再次产生，发自内心的懊悔，困惑和疼痛？ 无论什么含义，姑娘的歌，绵绵长长好象没有穷尽；我看到她既唱歌又劳作，弯着腰，镰刀在她手中舞动 我在聆听，不动也不响；后来，当我爬上山岗，歌声早已消失在耳畔，却永久回旋在我的心间。3.She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways She dwelt among the untrodden ways Beside the springs of Dove, A Maid whom there were none to praise And very few to love; A violet by a mossy stone Half hidden from the eye! -Fair as a star, when only one Is shining in the sky. She lived unknown, and few could know When Lucy ceased to be; But she is in her grave , and, oh, The difference to me! 诗名lines written in early springTo the CuckooThe DaffodilsI Wandered Lonely as a CloudMy Heart Leaps UpIntimations of Immortality不朽颂Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏Solitary ReaperThe Green Linnet by William WordsworthBeneath these fruit-tree boughs that shed Their snow-white blossoms on my head, With brightest sunshine round me spread Of springs unclouded weather, In this sequestered nook how sweet To sit upon my orchard-seat! And birds and flowers once more to greet, My last years friends together. One have I marked, the happiest guest In all this covert of the blest: Hail to Thee, far above the rest In joy of voice and pinion! Thou, Linnet! in thy green array, Presiding Spirit here to-day, Dost lead the revels of the May; And this is thy dominion. While birds, and butterflies, and flowers, Make all one band of paramours, Thou, ranging up and down the bowers, Art sole in thy employment: A Life, a Presence like the Air, Scattering thy gladness without care, Too blest with any one to pair; Thyself thy own enjoyment. Amid yon tuft of hazel trees, That twinkle to the gusty breeze, Behold him perched in ecstasies, Yet seeming still to hover; There! where the flutter of his wings Upon his back and body flings Shadows and sunny glimmerings, That cover him all over. My dazzled sight he oft deceives, A Brother of the dancing leaves; Then flits, and from the cottage-eaves Pours forth his song in gushes; As if by that exulting strain He mocked and treated with disdain The voiceless Form he chose to feign, While fluttering in the bushes. 绿山雀 威廉?华兹华斯在果树繁枝密叶的下方，雪白的花瓣落到我头上，周遭是一片耀眼的阳光，春日里，晴朗和煦；多美呀，在这隐僻的角落，在我家果园椅子上独坐，又一次欢迎鸟儿和花朵，去年的旧侣又重聚！这幸福生灵聚会的所在，有一位小客人最为欢快：甜美的歌喉，翎毛的华彩，胜过所有的羽族；欢迎你，山雀！你披着绿衫，今天，你是这里的指挥官，是你导演着五月的狂欢，这里是你的领土！春花朵朵，蝴蝶，鸣禽，全都配成了一对对情人；而你，来回游息于绿荫，总是孤零零一个；这生命，这精灵，象空气一样，散布着欢乐，不知有忧伤，你太幸运了，谁也配不上；自个儿自得其乐！微风里，榛树丛光影摇曳，树丛间，瞧得见栖息的山雀，它静立枝头，满心欢悦，仿佛还想要飞升；它飞起来了！拍着翅膀，让缕缕阴影，闪闪阳光洒在它头上，洒在它背上，洒遍了它的周身！它常常弄得我眼花撩乱，错把它看成绿叶一片；蓦然，它飞上田舍屋檐，倾吐出滔滔歌曲；它那琳漓畅快的歌咏，仿佛是取笑，仿佛是嘲弄：笑它自己方才在树丛装哑巴，悄然无语。威廉华兹华斯的诗歌这是一个美丽的黄昏 It is a Beauteous Evening William Wordsworth It is a beauteous evening, calm and free,The holy time is quiet as a NunBreathless with adoration, the broad sunIs sinking down in its tranquility;The gentleness of heaven broods oer the Sea:Listen! the mighty being is awake,And doth with his eternal motion makeA sound like thunder-everlastingly;Dear Child! dear Girl! that walkest with me here,If thou appear untouched by solemn thought,Thy nature is not therefore less divine:Thou liest in Abrahams bosom all the year,And worshipst at the Temples inner shrine,God being with thee when we know it not. 这是一个美妙的黄昏，安详而从容，神圣的时辰安静得像一位因崇敬而屏住呼吸的修女，醒目的太阳正在这样的宁静中西沉；天堂的柔和笼罩着海面 ：听！强大的生命醒来了，雷一样的声音在永不停息地滚动。亲爱的孩子！亲爱的姑娘！走到我身旁，假如你没有被庄严的思想感动，那也无损于你圣洁的天性：你一直都待在亚伯拉罕的心里，如同在神殿的中心朝拜，上帝出乎意料地与你同在。A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal by William Wordsworth A slumber did my spirit seal;I had no human fears:She seemed a thing that could not feelThe touch of earthly years. No motion has she now, no force;She neither hears nor sees;Rolled round in earths diurnal courseWith rocks, and stones, and trees.昏睡曾蒙住我的心灵昏睡曾蒙住我的心灵，我没有人类的恐惧；她漠然于尘世岁月的相侵，仿佛感觉已失去。如今她不动，没有力气，什么也不听不看，每天与岩石和树木一起，随地球循环旋转。诗歌赏析编辑本段回目录 本诗选自露西组诗，这首诗非常短，仅两节八行。表现了主人公对爱人Lucy逝去的追忆情绪。两节诗间的区别还在于用了不同的时态来表现诗人对于这种伤感思绪的态度：第一个诗节用过去时，第二个诗节用现在时。两个诗节的内容形成一种鲜明的对照。当过去一阵甜梦封住“我”的心灵，“我”没有人间的恐惧； 因为她活着时，就像一个感受不到人世岁月影响的物体一样，永远充满青春活力，不会变老。在这种心灵恍惚的朦胧状态中，“我”没有意识到人的生命的脆弱，没有意识到一切生命都要趋于腐朽，逃脱不了岁月的影响；第二节中，“我” 的宁静不复存在，诗人描述了露西现在的状态；没有感官知觉；融入自然的怀抱，成为自然的一部分，与自然处于和谐之中。 诗人选择了岩石和树木这些能持久存在的事物，暗示“她” 死后已成为自然永恒的一部分。这首诗的语言基本上是单音节词，尤其是最后一个诗节。诗人在最后一个诗节运用了很多有长元音的词，意在产生一种低沉舒缓的情感效果。在第一节诗人运用了一个生动的比喻，他把时间比喻为一个有生命的东西，看不见的岁月的流淌仿佛是一件具体的东西的触摸（The touch of earthly years）。其结尾强调了自然的宁静的方面，陪伴女主人公的自然形式也是些持久的事物，诗人通过自然与死亡的联结，强调了自然抚慰人心。She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways Willian Wordsworth She dwelt among the untrodden ways Beside the springs of Dove, A Maid whom there were none to praise And very few to love: A violet by a mossy stone Half hidden from the eye! Fair as a star, when only one Is shining in the sky. She lived unknown, and few could know When Lucy ceased to be; But she is in her grave, and ,oh, The difference to me! 她住在人迹罕至的地方 吕志鲁译 她住在人迹罕至的地方, 圣洁的小溪在身边流淌, 没有谁把这少女赞颂, 少有人为她挂肚牵肠。 她是紫罗兰身影半露, 生苔的墓碑将她遮挡; 美丽如一颗孤星, 在夜空里闪闪发亮。 没有谁了解她曾活在世上, 少有人知道她何时夭亡; 躺在墓中的露西啊, 唯有我与别人都不一样。 Strange Fits Of Passion Have I Known by William WordsworthStrange fits of passion have I known: And I will dare to tell, But in the Lovers ear alone, What once to me befell. When she I loved looked every day Fresh as a rose in June, I to her cottage bent my way, Beneath an evening-moon. Upon the moon I fixed my eye, All over the wide lea; With quickening pace my horse drew nigh Those paths so dear to me. And now we reached the orchard-plot; And, as we climbed the hill, The sinking moon to Lucys cot Came near, and nearer still. In one of those sweet dreams I slept, Kind Natures gentlest boon! And all the while my eyes I kept On the descending moon. My horse moved on; hoof after hoof He raised, and never stopped: When down behind the cottage roof, At once, the bright moon dropped. What fond and wayward thoughts will slide Into a Lovers head! O mercy! to myself I cried, If Lucy should be dead! 我曾体验过奇异的激情 顾子欣 译我曾体验过奇异的激情：我要诉说我的一次经历，但这只讲给恋爱的人听，对他们我不想有所隐蔽。那时我那位最心爱的姑娘，像六月的玫瑰一样秀丽，一天晚上我趁着皎洁的月光，骑马向她的村舍走去。我抬头凝望天上的明月，月光普照着辽阔的草地；那些路径对我是多么亲切，我的马跑得越来越急。而当我纵马驰近那果园；当我登上山冈遥望天际，我见月亮正向西天沉落，向露西的小屋渐渐偏移。我仿佛置身于甜蜜的梦境，心中赞美着仁慈的上帝！同时我目不转睛地望着渐沉的明月越来越低。我继续策马向前奔驰；向前奔驰，马不停蹄：突然我见那一轮皓月从她屋顶上掉了下去。充满柔情而又荒诞的念头，有时会侵入恋爱者的心里！“哦，天呵！”我失声喊道，“露西可别也突然死去！”I Travelled Among Unknown Men by William WordsworthI Travelled among unknown men, In lands beyond the sea; Nor, England! did I know till then What love I bore to thee. Tis past, that mel