八年级下册生物期中试题.doc

八年级下册生物期中试题清华大学英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果八年级下册生物期中试题一、单项选择题（ 每题2分共30分）1、在看菊展的时候，我们可见同一植株上开眼开有不同颜色的菊花，他们是经过怎样的方式繁殖而来的 （ ） A种子繁殖 B. 扦插 C 嫁接 D. 压条 2、下列动物中，属于不完全变态发育的是 ( ) A. 蜜蜂 B.蝗虫 C.蚕 D 蚊3、你见过青蛙吗? 青蛙的发育过程包括四个阶段，顺序是 受精卵 成蛙 蝌蚪 幼蛙 ( )A . . . B . . . C . . . D . . . 4、鸟卵中,将来可孵化成雏鸟的部分是 ( )A. 卵黄 B 卵白 C 胚盘 D 卵黄系带5、正常认得体细胞中含有( )染色体 ( ) A 23对 B 12对 C 23条 D 39对6、生物亲代的性状是通过( )传递给后代的。 ( )A生殖器官 B生殖细胞 C体细胞 D细胞核7、小明的爸爸是双眼皮（Aa）、妈妈是单眼皮（aa），小明也是单眼皮。控制小明眼皮的基因组成是 （ ）AAA B. aa C. Aa或aa D. Aa8、我国的婚姻法禁止近亲结婚，因为近亲结婚的 （ ）A后代易得传染病 B. 后代都会得传染病C. 后代成活率很第 D. 后代得传染病的机会增加.9、牛的体细胞内含有30对染色体，那么牛的生殖细胞含染色体数是 ( )A. 30对 B. 30条 C. 15对 D. 15条10. 下列有关生物进化的规律的叙述中，不正确的是 ( )A. 由陆生到水生 B 有水生到陆生C. 由低等到高等 D. 由简单到复杂11、地球上的生命是怎样起源的 ( )A. 上帝创造的 B. 由外空间掉下来的C. 原始海洋中的物质经过漫长的岁月逐渐演变来的D. 是地球上的物质在短时间形成的12、与人类关系最近的类群是 ( )A. 鱼类 B. 两栖类 C. 爬行类 D. 哺乳类13、下列疾病中不属于遗传病的是 ( )A. 白化病 B. 肝炎 C. 红绿色盲 D. 血友病14、在嫁接植物时，一定要注意将接穗与砧木的 ( )A. 木质部接上 B. 韧皮部接上 C. 形成层接上 D. 树皮接在一起15、我们在探究花生果实大小变异的过程中,制定和实施计划时不应该 ( )A. 随机抽取 B. 样品要少于30粒C. 要选择和设计适当的测量工具和测量方法D. 测量结果用曲线图或直方图表示二、填空 （每空2分共20分）1、生命在生物圈中的延续和发展，最基本的环节是通过 和 进行的。2、家蚕的一生要经过 ， ， ，和 四个时期，而且 和 的形态结构和生活习性差异很大，这种发育过程称为完全变态发育。3、青蛙的生殖和发育必须在 中进行。4、鸟类的生殖和发育过程，一般包括 、 筑巢、产卵、 和育雏等几个阶段。5、遗传是指亲子间的 ，变异是指亲子间和子带个体间的 。生物的遗传和变异是通过 和 而实现的。6、一种生物的同一性状的不同 叫做相对性状，控制性状的基因一般是 存在的，并且常有显性和 之分。7、科学的推测需要确凿的 ，凭空想象是站不住脚的。三、判断 （14分）1、“金蝉脱壳”这个成语，从生物学角度看，是指蝉在发育过程中存在的脱皮现象。 （ ）2、基因是染色体上具有控制性状的DNA片段。 （ ）3、变异是可以遗传的。 （ ）4、嫁接就是把一个植物体接到另一个植物体上。 （ ）5、蝌蚪不仅用鳃呼吸，还用肺呼吸，因此被称为两栖动。（ ）6、现在地球上仍然会形成原始生命。 （ ）7、遗传病只要及时治疗，一般是可以治愈的。 （ ）四、连线 （8分）卵白 有保护作用卵黄 将来可孵化成雏鸟卵壳 能为胚胎发育提供所需的养料，又能提供必需的水分胚盘 含有卵细胞的主要营养成分五 分析题 （10分）小麦的高秆是由显性基因A控制，小麦的矮秆是由隐性基因a控制。现将上述高秆小麦与矮秆小麦进行杂交，子代小麦是高秆。请分析回答下列问题。1子代高秆的小麦体细胞中含有的基因是 。2如果用子代高秆小麦与矮秆小麦（aa）杂交，其后代表现的性状是怎样的？ 。六、简答1你知道“南橘北枳”的说法吗？试加以解释。（10分）2请用图解的方式，表示染色体、DNA、基因之间的关系。（8分）答案：一、1C 2B 3B 4C 5A 6B 7B 8D 9B 10A11C 12D 13B 14C 15B二、1、生殖、发育 2、受精卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫、幼虫、成虫 3、水中 4、求偶、交配、孵卵 5、相似性、差异、生殖、发育 6、不同表现形式、成对、隐性 7、证据三、1 2 3 4 5 6 7四、卵白 即能为胚胎发育提供所需养料，又能提供必须水分卵黄 含有卵细胞的主要营养成分卵壳 有保护作用胚盘 将来可孵化成雏鸟五、1、Aa 2、50%表现为高秆Aa、50%表现为矮秆aa 六、1、答：“南橘北枳”是说南方的橘子移到北方之后其味道、色泽等品质都发生变化，不能称为橘，只能称为枳。其原因是二者基因型虽然相同，但环境条件的改变可以使性状发生改变。2 清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果哈佛大学英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站：/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供初一英语阅读训练阅读理解1 I am Tony Smith. I am twelve. I am in No.101 Middle School. Im in Class 2, Grade 7. My good friend is Jim Green. He is an English boy. He is twelve, too. He is in my class. He can speak good Chinese. Jane is in Class 2, too. I think she is a good girl. My Chinese teacher is Mr. Wang. His students like him. He is very cool.根据短文填空，每空一词。1. Tony _ twelve. His last name is _.2. Tony and Jim are _ the same _. Jane is _ Class 2, too.3. Tony and Jim _ good _.4. Jims _ is very good.5. Mr. Wang is their _ teacher. He is _. His students him very much.阅读理解2Linda：Hello, Paul, is this your pencil?Paul：Yes, it is. Thank you.Linda：Is this your book?Paul：No, it isnt. Maybe（也许）its Marys.Linda：Mary, is this your book?Mary：No, it isnt. My book is here. Ask（问）Bill. Maybe its his.Linda：Bill, is this your book?Bill：Yes, it is.Linda：Here you are.Bill：Thank you very much. But where is my bag?根据对话判断正（T）误（F）。( )1. This is Lindas pencil.( )2. Bill is a student.( )3. The book is Bills.( )4. Mary cant find（找到）her book.( )5. Paul knows（认识）Linda and Mary.阅读理解3 Look at these things. This is Mr. Wangs ID card. And this is Jims watch, thats Marys key. Ginas notebook is over there. Look! Whats that on the floor? Oh, its gold ring. Its Jennys ring. Its very nice.根据短文选择最佳答案。1. This is Mr. Wangs _. A. notebook B. key C. ID card D. watch2. _ notebook is over there. A. Jims B. Ginas C. Jennys D. Marys3. Is this Jims watch? _ A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isnt. C. Yes, he is. D. No, he isnt.4. Is Jennys ring very nice? _ A. Yes, she is. B. No, she isnt. C. Yes, it is. D. No, it isnt.5. Mr. Wangs name is on his _. A. ring B. watch C. key D. ID card阅读理解4阅读短文，判断正（T）误(F)This is my friend John Wilson and his family. This is his grandfather. His name is Fritz. This is his grandmother. Her name is Evenly. This is his mother. Her name is Anna. This is his father. His name is Earl. These are his sisters, Christie and Carina. ( )1.Fritz is Johns grandfather.( )2.Anna is his grandmother.( )3.John has two sisters.( )4.Earl is his father.( )5.Christie is Annas daughter.阅读理解5判断正误，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”。 This is a picture of the twins room. It is a nice room. Lucys books are on the desk. Her schoolbag is on the floor. Lilys pencils are on the books. Her bag is behind her chair. Their coats are behind the door. We cant see Lucy and Lily in the picture. They are not at home.( ) 1. This is a picture of Lily and Lucys room.( ) 2. Lucys schoolbag is behind the chair.( )3. Lucys and Lilys coats are on the chair.( )4. Lucy and Lily are not at home.( )5. Their room is nice.阅读理解6This is Jims room. Its not big, but its very clean. There is a bed in the room. Its near the door. Under（在下）the bed, there are two balls. There is a desk and a chair near the window. There is a bookcase beside the desk. On the bookcase, there are many books and newspaper（报纸）. There are two pictures in the room, too. They are on the wall.根据短文选择最佳答案。( ) 1. The balls are _.A. near the window B. on the desk C. under the bed D. beside the desk( ) 2. Jims bed is _.A. near the door B. near the window C. on the bookcase D. on the wall( ) 3. _ are on the wall of Jims room.A. The books B. The balls C. The newspapers D. The pictures( ) 4. Jims _ are on his bookcase.A. books B. newspaper C. pictures D. A and B( ) 5. Jims room is _.A. big B. not clean C. dirty（脏的） D. not big阅读理解7 I am a student. I go jogging every morning, and I go swimming twice a week. I spent a lot of time playing all kinds of ball games. I like football, volleyball, and ping pong. I am very good at football, so I play on the school team. After school, I like playing ping pong with my friend, Liu Ming. Liu Ming is not only good at sports but also good at his studies.阅读短文和句子，正确的写T，错误的写F。( ) 1. I often go jogging in the morning.( ) 2. I go swimming once a week.( ) 3. I spend very little time playing ball games.( ) 4. I like to go swimming in my free time.( ) 5. Liu Ming is interested in his studies but not good at sports.阅读理解8Namehave /hasdont（doesnt）havePaula baseball, a soccer balla tennis racketGinaa backpack, a watcha baseball batJima basketball, a TVa pair of baseball glovesKatean alarm clocka watch, a ballTommya math book, CDsa video cassette根据表格所提供信息，选择最佳答案。( ) 1. Gina has _, but she doesnt have _.A. a watch; a ball B. a clock; a watchC. a clock; a ball D. a watch; a baseball bat( ) 2. Kate has _, but she doesnt have _.A. a watch; a ball B. a ball; a clockC. a book; CDs D. a clock; a watch( ) 3. Paul and Jim have _.A. books B. CDs C. balls D. tennis rackets( ) 4. Tommy has a _ and some _.A. watch; balls B. book; CDs C. baseball; CDs D. video cassette; books阅读理解9 My name is Diana, my sister is Gina. We have a volleyball, and we like it very much. We play volleyball after school. And at night, we often watch it on TV. But my father doesnt like it. He is a writer, he likes to read books.回答问题：1. What is her sisters name?2. What do they like?3. Do they have a football?4. Do they watch TV?5. What does her father like?阅读理解10阅读短文，判断正误，在正确的写T， 在错误的写F。 My name is Mary and I have a brother and a sister, David and Helen. For breakfast, we all like hamburgers. Helen and I like milk, but David doesnt. I dont like eggs for breakfast, but David and Helen do. I like them for lunch. I like fruit for supper. We really like chicken and salad for dinner. I like fried chicken and salad with carrots. David likes salad with fruit. Helen thinks everything for salad is fine.( )1. Mary likes eggs for lunch. ( )2. David likes milk for breakfast. ( )3. Mary and Helen likes fried chicken. ( )4. David likes salad. ( )5. Helen doesnt like carrots for salad. 阅读理解11NameBobsalad, broccoli, orangesbananas, pearsJillsalad, bananas, pearsoranges, tomatoesBillhamburgers, broccolipears, ice creamJennyice cream, salad, pearstomatoes, French fries根据表格所提供的信息，选择最佳答案。( )1. _ likes pears, but doesnt like tomatoes or oranges.A. Jill B. Jill or Jenny C. Bob D. Bill( )2. _ likes salad, but doesnt like pears.A. Jill B. Jenny C. Bob D. Bill( )3. _ likes oranges. _ likes hamburgers. They dislike pears.A. Bob; jenny B. Bob; Bill C. Jenny; Jill D. Bill; Jill( )4. _ likes broccoli, but doesnt like ice cream.A. Jill B. Jenny C. Bob D. Bill( )5. Bob and the two girls like _. A. ice cream B. salad C. pears D. broccoli阅读理解12 Everybody wants to be healthy. You know food is very important. There are many healthy foods. You can have more bananas, apples, oranges, tomatoes and lettuce because fruits and vegetables are good for you. But dont eat too much chocolate. Its not good for you. But dont eat too much chocolate. Its not good healthy food. Healthy food can make you grow and make you strong and happy. Remember there is a saying, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Sports can also keep you healthy. Get up early and do some sports every day. Dont be lazy! You will be healthy and happy.( )1. Which is right?_A. Everybody is healthy. B. We want to be healthy. C. We are important.( )2. What are healthy foods? _A. Fruits and vegetables. B. Bananas, apples and chocolate.C. Fruits and chocolate.( )3. Why are healthy foods good for you? _A. They make you happy. B. They make you grow strong.C. They make you grow and make you strong and happy.( )4. “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” means（意思是）：_A. The doctor goes away when he sees an apple.B. The doctor runs away when you give him an apple.C. You eat an apple every day and you can be healthy.( )5. What keeps you healthy? _A. Fruits and vegetables. B. Healthy food.C. Healthy food and sports.阅读理解13 Americans usually eat three meals a day. Breakfast usually comes before eight oclock in the morning. They usually have eggs, some meat, bread, fruit juice and coffee. Lunch is between twelve and one oclock. It is like a light meal and working people must take lunch with them or get it near workplace.Children in school take sandwiches, fruit, and cookies with them or eat in school. Supper, the main meal, is between six and eight in the evening. People cook it carefully. They may have meat or chicken, turkey and duck. They may all have potatoes or rice, vegetables or salad. The drink is coffee, tea or milk. Then comes the dessert.( )1. Americans have breakfast _.A. after eight oclock B. at eight oclockC. before eight oclock in the morning D. in the morning( )2. _ is the most important meal in a day.A. Breakfast B. Lunch C. Meals D. Supper( )3. What does “light” mean in Chinese? _A. 重的B. 有用的C. 轻的D. 不太重要的( )4. Americans usually have breakfast and supper at _.A. home B. office C. inn D. work place( )5. When Americans have supper, _ comes last.A. drink B. meat C. dessert D. Vegetables阅读理解14 The word for this summers new clothes is HAPPY. Colors are bright and sunny, with lots of yellow, red, and orange. You can also find some great bright patterns, such as striped and checked pants. In the stores this summer, youll see a lot of beautiful floral dresses. Long skirts are popular again, and so are jeans and shorts for vacations and sports. White is the new color for shoes and bags. So put away all of your boring black and dark colors-its time for summer! ( )1. Where would you find this reading passage?A. in an art magazine B. in a mens magazine C. in a sports magazine D. in a womens magazine( )2.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Bright colors are popular now. B. White is the new color for shoes and bags. C. Summer fashion is always happy. D. New clothes are very expensive to buy.( )3.On what kind of clothes will you see flower designs? A. shorts B. pants C. skirts D. dresses( )4.Which color is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. orange B. white C. green D. Black阅读理解15Masons Clothing StoreClothes（衣服）Color（颜色）Price（价格）sockswhite, blue$4pantsblack$11sweaterred, white$8T-shirtred, green, black$7hatblack, red$6( )1. Which is the cheapest（最便宜的）of all? _A. Hat. B. T-shirt. C. Pants. D. Socks.( )2. How much are two sweaters and a hat? _A. $14. B. $20. C. $21. D. $22.( )3. You can buy（买到）_.A. black pants B. a blue sweater C. a green hat D. red socks( )4. You like red and you only have $6. You can take_.A. a sweater B. a hat C. a T-shirt D. none（全无）( )5. You only have sixteen dollars. You can buy_.A. a sweater and a pair of pants（裤子）B. two T-shirts and a pair of socksC. a sweater and two pairs of socksD. a sweater and two hats阅读理解16 Hello. Im Meg. Im 12 years old. I have a brother and a sister. My brother is 9 and my sister is only 4 years old. I like hamburgers and salad. My brother likes tomatoes and my sister likes ice cream. We have a small sports collection. We all like tennis. Today is my mothers birthday. Today is January 21st. Theres a big birthday cake on the table. How much is it? Do you know? Its 7 dollars. Come to my mothers birthday party and have some cake.根据短文选择最佳答案。( )1. How old is Megs brother? _A. 12. B. 4. C. 9.( )2. What does Meg like? _A. Salad. B. Tomatoes. C. Ice cream.( )3. Does Megs sister like tennis? _A. Yes, they do. B. Yes, she does. C. Yes, he does.( )4. When is her mothers birthday? _A. January 21st. B. January 31st. C. February 21st.( )5. How much is the cake? _A. $12. B. $9. C. $7.( )6. Where is the birthday cake? _A. On the TV. B. On the table. C. On the sofa.哈佛大学英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。官方网站：/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。 一、多“说”。 自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。 或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。 如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。 二、多“听” 寻找一切可以听英语的机会。别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。 三、多“读”。 “读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后，你必定会在高考中胜券在握。 另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。 四、多“写” 有的同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其实“写”的形式很多，不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作能力，比如学“wish”一词时，可写一小段如下： The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,Im different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor. 只几句话：但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上，这样写下来印象会深刻得多，这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。 学习英语不用花大块的时间，10分钟的散步可以练说,吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说，睡前听几分钟英语，可以使你得到更好地休息只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语，你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的。 背英语单词技巧 1、循环记忆法 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线 人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库，人脑经历过的事物，思考过的问题，体验过的情感和情绪，练习过的动作，都可以成为人们记忆的内容。例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子，甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的。从记到忆是有个过程的，这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆。有很多 人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知，要想做好