英语时态概述.doc

英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中 的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。时态详解一般现在时基本形式（以do为例）： 第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）； 肯定句：主语+动词原形+其他； He works for us. 否定句：主语+donts/doesn't+动词原形+其他； He doesn't work for us. 一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他； 肯定回答：Yes，（+ 主语+do/does）； 否定回答：No，（+主语+don't/doesn't.）； 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语； Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't What does he do for us? He works for us.一般过去时be动词+行为动词的过去式 否定句式：在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词，或was/were+not； was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词； 例如： Did he work for us? He didn't work for us. He worked for us.一般将来时am/are/is+going to+do 或 will/shall+do am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do; 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形 be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形； 例如：He is going to work for us. He will work for us； He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子！过去将来时be（was，were）going to+动词原形 be（was，were）about to+动词原形 be（was，were）to+动词原形 肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形. 否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形.疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形？ 肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形. 否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形. 疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形？ He would work for us.现在进行时主语+be+v.ing现在分词形式(其中v表示动词) 表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。 例如：I am buying a book.第一人称+am+doing+sth第二人称+are+doing +sth （doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式）第三人称+is+doing+sth 例：He is working.过去进行时肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它 否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ；答语：Yes,I主语+was/were./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它 He was working when he was alive.将来进行时 主语+will + be +现在分词 He will be working for us.=He will work for us.过去将来进行时should(would)+be+现在分词 He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.现在完成时基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes+主语+have/has 否定回答：No+主语+have/has 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他 He has worked for us for ten years. Has he worked for us for ten years？过去完成时基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had 否定回答：No,主语+hadn't 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他） 语法判定: （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.将来完成时（shall）will+have+动词过去分词 before+将来时间或by+将来时间 before或by the time引导的现在时的从句He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.过去将来完成时should / would have done sth. He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.现在完成进行时基本与现在完成时相同，但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念 have/has been +-ing分词He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.过去完成进行时 had been +-ing 分词 He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.将来完成进行时主语+ shall/will have been doing He will have been working for us.=He will work for us. 翻译为：他最近一直在为我们工作（过去在工作，现在在工作，将来还会工作）过去将来完成进行时should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称 would have been+现在分词用于其他人称 He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.举例： 英语中有12个主要时态，都来自于三时（过去、现在、将来）时态范例现在以I listen为例，举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示：一般现在时：I listen现在进行时：I am listening过去进行时：I was listening现在完成时：I have listened现在完成进行时：I have been listening一般将来时：I shall listen”或“I will listen.