非谓语动词-1.doc

非谓语动词问答（一）1. 问： Its important for you to go there in person. Its wise of you to turn down the proposal. 上面两句中介词for和of的使用有何规律？答： it作形式主语时，后面常有for或of来引导不定式的逻辑主语。其使用规律是：看句中的表语形容词着重说明人（逻辑主语），还是事（不定式短语）。若是前者，则用of；若是后者，则用for。of前的形容词通常是描述人的智力、品德、行为表现等，常见的有： bold, brave, generous, careful, considerate, thoughtful, clever, honest, kind, wise, polite, crazy, cruel, foolish, mean, careless, rude, selfish, absurd, silly, stupid, ungrateful,等。上面两句可分别译为：你亲自去那儿很重要。你拒绝这一建议很明智。2. 问： People appreciate with him because he has a good sense of humor. A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) having working (CET-4 98.1-37) Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means trouble. A) making B) to make C) to have made D) having made (CET-4 97.1-25)上面两题答案分别为：C)和B)。请说明原因。答：这类题涉及不定式短语和动名词短语作宾语时的固定搭配。英语里有些动词只能用不定式作宾语，有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。只能用不定式作宾语的动词有：ask, beg, claim, decide, determine, expect, hope, long, manage, mean, offer, plan, promise, pretend, refuse, tend, volunteer, want, wish等。只能用动名词作宾语的动词有：acknowledge, admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, include, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, require, resist, suggest, stop,等。3. 问：I remember spending many happy days on the beach. （我记得曾在海滩度过许多愉快的日子。）这句中的spending如果用to spend代替，为什么不对？答：remember跟动名词表示已发生的动作；跟不定式表示要发生的动作。类似的动词还有forget, regret等。4. 问：They plan to build a shopping center here. He confessed to having stolen my money.上面两句中的to有何区别？第一句中的to是不定式中的小品词，第二句中的to是介词。不定式在英语中的使用范围很广，而动词+介词to或动词+名词（副词或动词-ed）+介词to组成的动词短语是有限的，平日应该熟记。常见的带介词to的动词短语有：adapt oneself to, amount to, attend to, attach importance to, attributeto, be accustomed to, be used to, be opposed to, devoteto, get down to, face up to, object to, pay attention to, resort to, stick to, take to等。 5. 问：The international law of the Sea Conference is an attempt resolving A major differences among countries with conflicting interests. B C D本题错在何处？答：A错。应改为to resolve。英语中有些动词后常跟不定式，它们的同源名词也常用不定式作定语。常见的这类词有：attempt, claim, decision, desire, determination, failure, hope, inclination, intention, need, plan, promise, refusal, resolution, tendency, threat, wish等。6. 问：“Has John gone to the library to borrow the dictionary?” “No, but .” A) he is going to borrow B) he is going to C) he is going D) he is to go上题中的答案为什么是B)?答：本题考查不定式的省略。为了避免重复，不定式中与前面重复的那个动词（短语）可以省略，只保留小品词to。7. 问：After two days fighting the enemy troops were made their arms. A) to put down B) put down C) to have put down D) to be putting down既然make是使役动词，上题为什么不选B), 而选A)?答：当不定式作使役动词have, let, make及感官动词feel, listen to, look at, notice, see, watch等的宾语补足语时，小品词to要省略。但以上动词用于被动语态，即不定式作主语补足语时，to要保留。8. 问：动名词短语可以带自己的逻辑主语，这种逻辑主语的形式是怎样的？答：如果在句子的开头，这种逻辑主语须用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格。如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们来支援对我们是很大的鼓舞。Marys grumbling annoyed him.玛丽的嘟嘟囔囔使他很烦。如果不是在句子的开头，这种逻辑主语除了用上述两种形式外，还可以用人称代词的宾格或名词的普通格。使用后者更自然一些。如：I dont mind him going.他去我没意见。She hates people losing their tempers. 她讨厌人发脾气。9. 问：动名词（短语）作主语，可用于三类结构，请举例说明。答：(1) 直接将动名词（短语）放在句首作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。（谚）Climbing the mountain seems to be hopeless, for its raining hard.(2) 用it作形式主语，将动名词（短语）移至后面。常用于这一结构的名词（短语）有：a waste of time, an awful job, no fun, no use, not an easy task, such a pity等。如：Its a waste of time talking with them.常用于这一结构的形容词有：better, enjoyable, foolish, good, hard, nice, odd, useless, worthwhile等。如：Its so nice sitting here with you.(3)用于there be句型中。如：There is no use your arguing with him. 你和他争辩没有用。There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labor productivity. 不容否认新方法大大提高了劳动生产率。10. 问：He was very much surprised at the surprising sight.上句中的现在分词和过去分词有何区别？答：现在分词一般作“正在的”或“令人的”解，或有主动的含义；过去分词作“已了的”或“感到的” 解，或有被动的含义。Exercise: Find out the mistakes in the following sentences and then correct them.1. People cannot but feel puzzling, for they simply cannot understand how he A B Ccould have made such a stupid mistake. D2. Some bosses dislike to allow people to share their responsibilities; they keep A Ball important matters tightly in their own hands.C D3. We city dwellers often fail taking advantage of our many opportunities for A B Ccultural enjoyment. D4. It has been shown that many people find that very uncomfortable to hold the A B Csame position for any length of time. D5. Astronauts can be affected by loneliness. They may have to sit in the A Bspacecraft for weeks with very little to do and no one to talk. C D6. She put forward the suggestion to the director, who, after discussed it with A B Cother comrades, decided to accept it. D7. I remembered to be paid for the work, but I forgot the exact amount. A B C D8. Its very silly for Nancy to be always repeating what her husband says.A B C D9. Whats troubling them is they not having enough machine tools. A B C D10. The match was cancelled because most of the members objected to have a A B Cmatch without a standard court. D11. Our professor was considering to postpone the examination till the A Bfollowing week because of the students confusion. C D12. Imagine my surprise when I saw one man in the car pulled out a pocket A B Cbook and begin to read. D13. You will never succeed to get at the truth if you think you know, ahead of A B Ctime, what the truth should be. D14. The servant returned with a message for which I was not in the least A Bpreparing: my host would be unable to receive me because of his ill health. C D15. After a great deal of initial confusion, the antiwar demonstrators decided A B Cprotesting inside the administration building instead of in the gymnasium. D16. Their friends are at the airport, as they are anxious to bid farewell to the A B CEvans family when the time comes for the plane to taking off. D17. Mr Jankin regretted to blame his secretary for the mistake, for he later A B Cdiscovered it was his own fault. D18. Despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the A Boutput to decrease it.C D19. Before the final Spanish oral examination the teacher had had his students A B Cpractising the language very hard. D20. Greater efforts increasing corn production must be made if bread shortage A Bis to be avoided.C D21. Being done work means moving a body through a distance by a force.A B C D22. There is not knowing whether we will be able to get enough raw materials.A B C D23. I cannot come to the dinner party tonight. I really would be glad, but I A B Chave a previous engagement. D24. Im afraid I cant go to work for months. The doctor said it would take A Bthree months for my breaking arm to heal. C D25. The traditional approach to deal with complex problems is to break them A Bdown into smaller, more easily managed problems. C D26. Wouldnt it be better of her to continue to do this work than to take up A B Csomething new? D27. Because of his courage and determination being overcome his terrible Adisaster, his music has given joy and inspiration to millions of people. B C D28. The limited budget makes difficult