高考英语专题复习 定语从句 (ppt).ppt

定语从句 theattributiveclause课件制作人赵奎 定语从句概念 1 复合句中 修饰主句中某一名词 代词的从句称为定语从句 2 所饰名词称为先行词 1 theboyistom theboyissmiling 2 theteacherwillgiveusatalk wemettheteacheryesterday theboywhoissmilingistom 主语 theteacher whom wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk 3 themaniskind everyonelikeshim theman who everyonelikesiskind 宾语 定语从句的构成 who主 宾人whom宾关whose定语系that主 宾代词which主 宾物that主 宾whose ofwhich 定语 eg 1 themanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayismrbrown who指人 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 3 apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief 2 theboywhowesawyesterdayisjack 4 themanwhoitalkedwithisourteacher 1 themanwhomyouaregoingtovisitisafamouswriter 2 whom指人 作宾语 作宾语可省略 3 theman whom inoddedtoismr li 2 haveyoumetthepersonwhomhewasspeakingabout 3 whose 指人或物 作定语 表示 的 5 pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen 3 theyhelpedthemanwhosecarhadbroken 4 helivesinthehousewhosewindowsopentosouth 2 isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblack eg 1 harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathsteacher 4 which指物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 eg 1 thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear 2 thisrecorder which heisusingismadeinjapan 3 isthisthelibrary which youborrowbooksfrom 5 that指人 物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 eg 1 aplaneisamachinethatcanfly 2 heistheman that itoldyouabout 3 let saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere 4 thegirl that wesawyesterdayisjim ssister 5 thecakes that icookedweredelicious 若引导词作介词的宾语 介词可以提前构成介词 引导词的形式 isthisthelibrary which youborrowbooksfrom isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks theman whom inoddedtoismr li themantowhominoddedismr li 注意 这时引导词指人只能用whom 指物只能用which 即 介词 which whom 考点一 介词的提前 如果定语从句中的介词短语是固定搭配 则介词不能提前 eg 1 heisthemanwhoiamlookingfor 2 heisthemanwhoiamlookingafter 3 heisthemanwhoiamlookingat canyouworkthemout fillintheblankswithproperprepositions 1 thesungivesusheatandlight whichwecan tlive 2 thestudent whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass 3 i llneverforgettheday whichshesaidgood byetome 4 whocangivemethereason whichhehasn tturnedupyet without about on for 关系代词前介词的确定 1 非限制性定语从句中 要表示先行词的一部分时 可用 数词 代词 of 关系代词 的结构 如 2 hehasthreesons allofwhomareteacher 如5 11 16题 e g 1 thereare50studentsinourclass two thirdsofwhomhavebeentobeijing 2 whose从句可转换为 of 关系代词 型 如 e g theyliveinahouse whosedooropenstothesouth theylivedinahouse thedoorofwhichopentothesouth theylivedinahouse ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth 关系代词前介词的确定 whose 指人或物 作定语 表示 的eg 1 harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathsteacher 2 isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblack 5 pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen 3 theyhelpedthemanwhosecarhadbroken 4 helivesinthehousewhosewindowsopentosouth 考点二 that和which的区别 以下情况 引导词用that 不用which 1 先行词为不定代词everything little much all anything nothing e g finally thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen 2 先行词前有形容词最高级 序数词修饰时 用that e g thisisthebestbook that i veeverread 3 先行词被theonly 唯一的 thevery 正是那个 thelast修饰时 用that e g heistheonlypersonthatiwanttoseenow 4 先行词同时指人和指物时 用that e g wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen 考点二 that和which的区别 5 当先行词既有人又有物时 用that 6 当主句的助于是疑问词who或which时 用that 7 当先行词在主句中作表语 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时 用that eg doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout eg whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal eg shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe 1 thisisall iknowaboutthematter a thatb whatc whod whether2isthereanythingelse youwant a whichb thatc whod what3 thelastplace wevisitedwasthegreatwall a whichb thatc whered it 4 pleasetakethesecondchair isoverthere a whereb whichc whod that 5 isoxygentheonlygas helpsfireburn a thatb c whichd it 6 finally thethiefhandedeverything hehadstolentothepolice nmet98 a whichb whatc whateverd that e g heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime b 引导非限制性定语从句时 引导词前有介词时 c 一个句子中若有两个定语从句 一个用that引导 另一个用which引导 只用which 不用that的情况 如8 12 15 20 23 24 25题 考点三 as与which引导的定语从句 两者均可引导定语从句 但下列情况多用as 1 当与such或thesame连用时 一般用as e g 1 suchbooksasyougavemeareinteresting 2 ihavethesameplanasyou 2 当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时 只能用as eg asisknowntoeverybody themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth 注 as多用于下列习惯用语中 asanybodycansee 正如人人都能看到的那样 asiswellknown asisknowntoall 众所周知 aswehadexpected 正如我们所预料的那样 asoftenhappens 正如经常发生的那样 ashasbeensaidbefore 如上所述 asismentionedabove 正如上面提到的 等 如19题 而下面两种情况只能用which 1 当定语从句放在主句后面时 如果定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which eg 1 hecamehereverylate whichwasunexpected notexpected 2 当定语从句中行为动词是主动语态 一般用which作主语 2 mr smithusuallypraiseshisstudentrose whichshedoesn tlikeatall eg tomhasmaderapidprogress whichmakesmeveryhappy 如7 18题 如7 18题 注 当先行词是way 方式方法 时 根据英语的习惯常用that和inwhich来引导定语从句 而且也常常省略 另外当先行词是time 次 其前面用序数词修饰时 根据英语的习惯常用that来代替forwhich来引导定语从 但time作 一段时间 讲时 应用关系副词when或介词 at during which引导定语从句 如 1 thisisthefirsttime that weshallseeanenglishfilm 2 theway that wediditverysimple 3 thiswasatatimewhen duringwhichtherewerenoradios notelephonesornotvsets 1 therearetwoboysinpeter s bothof arewhite 2 therearetwoboysinpeter s andbothof arewhite 易混淆句型训练 1 johnisoneofthestudentswho english 2 johnistheonlyoneofthestudentswho english know knows whom them 注意 1 定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 2 nottheonlyoneof oneof eg tomisnottheonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam tomisoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam 汤姆并非是唯一一个通过考试的男孩 汤姆只是通过考试的男孩中的一个 主语 宾语 定语 that who that who m whose that which 关系代词的用法小结 whose 指人的关系代词 指物的关系代词 主语 宾语 定语 that which 主谓一致 主谓一致 关系副词的用法 关系副词 when where why 时间 地点 原因 when eg 1 i llneverforgetthedaywhen onwhichifirstwenttobeijing 2 isthisthedaywhen onwhichivisitedthemuseum 试比较 iwillneverforgettheyearwhichwespenttogether iwillneverforgettheyearinwhich whenweworktogether 1 pleaseputtheletteronthedeskwhere onwhichhecaneasilyfindit where thisisthefactorywhichivisitedyesterday thisisthefactorytowhich whereipaidavisit 2 thisisthefactorywhere inwhich myfatheronceworked 试比较 thisisthereasonwhy forwhichhedidn tcometothemeeting why thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate thisisthereasonwhich thathegavetome 试比较 1 haveyouvisitedthehouse thefamouswriterwasborn a inthatb wherec whend onwhich 2 doyoustillremembertheday wefirstmet a thatb onthatc whered when 3 ishallneverforgetthosedays ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers a that b when c which d when 5 afterlivinginparisforfiftiesyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild a whichb wherec thatd when6 thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome iwastakengo