政治与经济类词条.doc

政治与经济类词条Deepening/intensify/further improve/promote/enhance reform and opening up 深化改革扩大开放 The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 建设有中国特色的社会主义理论The theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论One focus, two basic points 一个中心，两个基本点Focus on economic construction 以经济建设为中心Adhere to the four cardinal principles 坚持四项基本原则Adhere to reforms and opening to the outside world 坚持改革开放Seizing the opportunity, deepening the reform, opening wider to the rest of the world, promoting development and maintaining stability抓住机遇，深化改革，扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定Whether it would be beneficial to developing socialist productive forces是否有利于发展社会主义生产力 Whether it would be beneficial to enhancing the overall strength of the country是否有利于增强综合国力 Whether it would be beneficial to raising peoples living standard是否有利于提高人民生活水平 Taking the socialist public ownership as the mainstay 以社会主义公有制为主体Common development of multi-economic sectors 多种经济成分共同发展Establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建立Deepening economic reform 深化经济改革Relationships among reform, development and stability 改革发展和稳定的关系Deepening of reform and promotion of development 深化改革与促进发展Economic growth and social progress 经济增长与社会进步Strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位Science and technology are the primary productive forces 科学技术是第一生产力Strengthen the socialist legal system 加强社会主义法制A series of policies and measures 一系列政策措施Reform and opening up policy 改革开放政策Reform measures 改革措施Speed up reform 加快改革Reform of economic system 经济体制改革Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Reform of commodity circulation 商品流通体制改革Reform of foreign trade system 外贸体制改革Reform of personnel system 人事制度改革Reform of social security system 社会保险制度改革Reform of housing system 住房制度改革Planning system 计划管理体制Transferring the function of government 转换政府职能Open door policy 开放政策Open economy 开放经济Open-door to the outside world 对外开放Opening up 扩大开放Open domestic market 开放国内市场Introduce foreign capital, advanced technology and managerial experiences引进外国的资金，先进技术和管理经验Economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区One country, two systems 一国两制Special administrative region 特别行政区Contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to the household家庭联产承包责任制Narrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距Eliminate poverty 消除贫困Common prosperity 共同富裕ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展 National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展 Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着路Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预Administrative measure 行政措施Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济 Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数Average price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Double dip recession所以双底型衰退是指在全球经济已经触底逐渐回升时,经济复苏可能失去动能,在不久的将来会再一次触底,即双底W型衰退。Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀 （海地 Haiti）Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀 Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀 Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀/滞涨Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信用膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力 Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热 Aggregated/Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision and operation of State assets 建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and responsibilities, separating ownership from daily management and adopting scientific management 产权清晰，责权明确，政企分开，管理科学Regulation on the supervision and management of the state-owned enterprises 国有企业监督管理条例Laws and regulations on the administration of state-owned property国有资产管理法律法规Operate independently, assume sole responsibility for its profits and losses, seek self-development and self-reliance自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，自我约束Uphold the principle of separating the functions of government from those of enterprises and alter the governments role in economic management坚持政企分开的原则，转变政府经济管理职能 Safeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记 Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查 Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the overall quality of the State sector of the economy调整改组国有企业促进资产重组提高国有经济的总体素质 Concentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large enterprises and enterprises groups集中力量抓好国有大型企业和企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise groups 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Reform, reorganization and upgrading 改革，改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组，联合，兼并，股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation and sell-off租赁，承包经营和出售Manage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible policy towards small ones 抓好大的，放活小的Give small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业 Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序，鼓励企业兼并，merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger or go bankrupt 允许亏损企业兼并或破产Dispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and management of enterprises切实加强企业经营管理Strengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extrabudgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various channels多渠道增资减债Strive to help enterprises eliminate losses and increase profits抓好企业扭亏增盈Develop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the technology通过挖潜改造Mechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating the inferior优胜劣汰机制Enjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage in export independently给更多的生产企业自营出口权Protect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组Transform the enterprises management mechanismsof State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release smallenterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can be turned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业Pioneer/pilot enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权 Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibility for ones own profit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构 Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构 Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保护主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职工credit crisis/crunch 信贷危机credit rating 信用评级credit risk 信贷风险rural credit cooperatives 农村信用社urban credit cooperatives 城市信用社creditor country 债权国 (US President has to speak both En and Ch to sign the document in En and speak to his creditor in Ch)allocations of special drawing rights 特别提款权分配额 (IMF)Dumping 倾销 (双反：反倾销，反补贴)dumoing code 反倾销法案dumoing duty 倾销税dumping export 倾销出口dumping price 倾销价格merger and acquisition兼并与收购bank credit 银行信贷bank debt 银行债务bank discount rate 银行贴现率bank interest 银行利息bank line 银行信用额度bank loan 银行借款bank rate 银行贴现率bank reserve 银行准备金 （央行下调存款准备金率）economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区economic base 经济基础economic community 经济共同体economic cooperation zone 经济协作区economic crisis 经济危机economic cycle 经济周期economic depression 经济萧条economic efficiency 经济效益economic entity 经济实体economic forecast 经济预测economic foundation 经济基础economic growth rate 经济增长率economic integration 经济一体化economic miracle 经济奇迹economic order 经济秩序economic policy 经济政策economic potential 经济潜力economic prospect 经济展望economic recovery 经济复苏economic sanctions 经济制裁economic situation 经济形势economic system 经济体制，经济制度economic value 经济价值East Asia Economic Rim 东亚经济圈Economics 经济学economics of industry 工业经济学economics of management 管理经济学economics of scale 规模经济学closed economy 闭关自守经济commodity economy 商品经济economy measure 经济手段economies of scale 规模经济market economy 市场经济mixed economy 混合经济planned economy 计划经济General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) 关税贸易总协定 （复关+入世,10周年）Grant 专用拨款，赠款grant-in-aid for agriculture 农业财政拨款grant-in-aid fund 财政补贴基金Group of Seven (G-7) 七国集团 （已被G20取代）basic industries and key industries 基础产业和关键产业labour contract 劳动合同labour efficiency 劳动效率labour force 劳动力moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧/宽松（loose）的货币政策moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Stable policies 稳健的政策 monetary capital 金融资本monetary crisis 金融危机monetary institution 金融机构monetary market 金融市场monetary policy tools 货币政策工具monetary reform 币制改革monetary system 货币制度Money 货币money supply 货币供应overall economic situation 总的经济形势Pension 退休金，养老金pension fund 养老基金，退休基金Per capita 人均per capita annual income in cities and towns 城镇人均年收入per capita annual net income in rural areas 农村人均年收入per capita assets 人均资产absolute poverty 绝对贫困eliminate poverty 消除贫困shake off poverty 摆脱贫困strengthen co-operation with government institutions and enterprises 加强与政府机构和企业的合作strengthen macro-control 加强宏观控制strengthen the management of stated-owned property 加强国有资产管理strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位Strike 罢工supply and demand relation 供求关系supply over/exceed demand 供过于求surplus labourers 剩余劳动力surplus of capital 资本过剩surplus of goods 商品过剩surplus of population 人口过剩surplus of production 生产过剩surplus profit 剩余利润surplus staff 富余人员Tangible 有形的Tariff 关税，税则tariff act 关税法tariff barrier 关税壁垒tariff concession rate 关税优惠率tariff customs union 关税同盟tariff cut 降低关税tariff policy 关税政策tariff reform 关税改革tariff system 关税制度tariff wall 关税壁垒Tax/levy 税，税务，征税consumption tax 消费税foreign-funded enterprise income tax 外商投资企业所得税individual income tax 个人所得税不景气 slump （衰退 recession） 中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)第一产业（农业） agriculture (primary industry)第二产业（工业） manufacturing industry (secondary industry)第三产业（服务业） service industry (tertiary industry)主要经济指标 major economic indicators国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 宏观经济 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund扩大内需 expand domestic demand长期国债 long-term treasury bonds开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi (RMB) business 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade分期付款 pay by installment保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押贷款 collateralised loans 住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan 货币主义者 monetarist 计划经济 planned economy 指令性计划 mandatory plan 技术密集型 technology intensive大规模生产 mass production 跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 流动性风险 liquidity risk操作风险 operational risk 内部审计 internal audit 配套政策 supporting policies 中国人民银行（中央银行）The Peoples Bank of China（central bank）四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks中国银行 Bank of china 中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and中国建设银行 Construction Bank of China中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China招商银行 China Merchants Bank 疲软股票 soft stock配股 allotment of shares 实际增长率 growth rate in real terms年均增长率 average growth rate per annum投资回报率 rate of return on investment 外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数 retail price index （RPI）生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost生活费用 income available for living expenses 扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民储蓄存款 residents bank savings deposit恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例） Engel coefficient基尼系数（衡量地区差别） Gini coefficient购买力平价法 purchasing power parity (PPP) （衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy通货膨胀 inflation 实体经济 the real economy 经济规律 laws of economics 市场调节 market regulation优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources 规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale劳动密集型 labor intensive 市场风险 market risk 收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy信用紧缩 credit crunch 加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved. 合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私营企业 private businesses民营企业 privately-run businesses中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits 货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游资 abs