guidance on reading教案.doc

【青年教师优质课评比】Guidance on ReadingHow to infer somebodys view阅读指导：如何推断他人观点态度By He Anan何安安 2008年12月26日Teaching Design课堂教学设计【背景分析】英语新课程非常重视学生综合语言应用能力的培养，而考查此能力的阅读部分是高中英语教学中的重中之重。新标准要求学生能灵活运用阅读技巧有效的获取信息，不仅要弄懂文字材料中的具体事实，而且要理解包括某人对某事物的观点、态度、意图等抽象的概念。随着高考对阅读理解能力测试的要求提高，考查表层理解的题型有所减少，深层含义的判断增多，因此，教学中应侧重学生阅读综合理解能力的培养，提高学生的鉴赏力，在获取信息的同时得到一种审美体验。Subject课 题How to infer somebodys view如何推断他人观点态度Style 授课类型Guidance on reading阅读指导课Object教学对象高三（15）班 学生人数56人Method教学方法Student-centered; experiential; task-based; multimedia-assisted teaching学生中心教学法，体验式教学法，任务教学法，多媒体辅助教学法Activity活动形式Individual; group; whole class work个体活动，小组活动，班级活动Aims教学目标Knowledge知识目标1）了解阅读理解中推断观点题型的设问方式。2）熟悉处理此题型的常用技巧。Ability能力目标1） 培养语言推断能力，掌握阅读技巧，提高阅读综合理解能力。2） 体会语言交际方法，提高个人语言表达能力。Emotion情感目标通过学习阅读策略，增强学生英文阅读的鉴赏力，激励他们成为高级阅读者。Important Points教学重点阅读能力的培养和阅读技巧的训练，通过实例分析让学生体验阅读中的多样表达方式。Difficult Points教学难点培养学生独立运用阅读技巧处理综合性较强的文章，并且领会其深层涵义。教学过程ProceduresStep 1 Leading-in (6 minutes)Watch a video clip of the talk show made by Class 15. It is adapted from the students previous writing about the social phenomenon of beggars in the street. Teacher: raise some questions to discuss.1) In the conversation, whats Lu Jiahes attitude towards beggars?2) How do you know that? How did he express himself?【设计说明】首先观看由本班学生自编自导自演的谈话节目视频片段，通过听表达，看表情，观举止，引起大家对他人论事态度观点的讨论，并由提出的几个问题引出本课主题-如何推断他人观点态度。引导学生思考：尤其在阅读中，只有那些印刷好的文字，如何准确获得其真正涵义呢？Step 2 Decoding reading passage (17 minutes)First, introduce the different styles of questioning somebodys view/attitude and emphasize the increasing portion of making inference, which is a required skill in reading comprehension.Then, from the typical examples, get students to experience and learn the ways to deal with the words in the passages. Teacher: ask students to give their ways to make each inference first, and then add tips. (学生所学材料附后，教师在教学中引导学生体会总结技巧)l 技巧一：分辨事实和观点Recognize fact and opinion在表示观点的陈述中，常常带有修饰词，而事实则是能够被证实的，实际是存在的或人们普遍承认的东西。l 技巧二：分清别人的观点Tell from divided views有时作者提及别人的观点之后加以评论，并在其后提出自己的观点或倾向，因此阅读中要注意观点的所属。l 技巧三：注意作者措辞Notice lexical selection通常在几个关键处使用形容词、副词、动词表达作者的态度、感情色彩。那需要特别仔细琢磨文中所用词汇的特点。一些明显的转折词包括but, however, yet, as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, although等，转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。l 技巧四：注意借助事例的意图Deduce from example在文章中举事例是作者们好用的一种辅佐自己观点的方式。l 技巧五：注意借助数据的意图Deduce from statistics “数字不会说谎”，有时作者利用数据使读者相信观点体现了客观性和说服力。l 切记：读出弦外之音Read between the lines为了避免平铺直叙，鼓励读者自己思考，劝诱读者倾向其尚不普遍的想法，作者有时“隐藏”其观点，只暗示不直接表达出来，那读者就要像“侦探”一样对作者的暗示作有效的推断【设计说明】此部分是本课重点。先介绍推断观点题型的设问方式，强调此类题型在阅读理解中的比重有所上升，望学生重视个人推断能力的培养。然后通过实例分析，让学生体会学习此类题型的处理技巧。Step 3 Consolidating (16 minutes)Test whether students can make inference with the skills they just learnt by doing the comprehensive exercises within the given time. (学生所做材料附后实战部分)【设计说明】此部分为学生的即时练习时间，完成精心挑选的三篇阅读理解题。由于三篇文章已根据难易程度分等级，所以，也可以通过完成效果来评价出学生掌握情况。如未完成也可作为课后的加强练习。Step 4 Sum-up (1 minutes)Generalize what is learnt in this period.Inference is a mental process by which we reach a conclusion based on specific evidence. We engage in inference every day. We infer people are thirsty if they ask for a glass of water. We seek purposes and reasons. Inferences are not random but are based on supporting evidence. So learn to infer, or interpret, what an author means based on word selection, context, structure, and/or a specific reference (example, statistics, quotation, remarks from others, etc.) .Above all, read between the lines.【设计说明】再次强调掌握推断技巧的重要性，注重培养个人阅读中评析性和鉴赏性理解的能力，从而成为高级阅读者。Worksheet How to Infer Somebodys ViewNo. _ Name _阅读就像解码，完整的解码过程既包括对文章字面意义的理解，也包括推断性的理解，同时还在于评析性和欣赏性的理解。推断观点题的设问方式：题干中常常含有 infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, tone, attitude, intend, purpose 等一类的词。 According to the author/ the passage/ sb , which the following statement is true? The author probably thinks/ agrees/ holds/ insists/ suggests /seems to believe that_ By , sb. wants to show that_/ intend to _ Which of the following best describes sbs attitude towards? It can be concluded/ infered from that _ The tone/ purpose of the passage is _.Tips and Tricks:1Franklin played an important role in the early history of the United States. He took part in drawing up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. He was the first ambassador to France, and he helped negotiate the treaty of 1783, which ended the Revolutionary War. 2Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some true in both arguments, but in recent year the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests. According to the author, recent Olympic Games have _.(A) created goodwill between the nations (B) raised only false pride(C) hardly showed any international friendship(D) led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred3I have seen “Titanic” six times. It reminds me of how movies used to be made: grand scenes with dramatic love stories and characters we wish we could be. When every other movie is either a tired action adventure or an edgy independent film, “Titanic” is a fresh dose of old-fashioned drama. Tips and Tricks:4Seeing a volcano erupt (喷发) is a wonderful experience, and you can really feel the beat by climbing to the summit (山顶) of Pacaya for a close-up view. There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua. Giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful. What is the main purpose of it?A. To attract tourists to Pacaya. B. To describe the beauty of Pacaya.C. To introduce guided tours to Pacaya.D. To explain the power of nature at Pacaya.5This is not just a sad-but-true story; the boys experience is horrible and damaging, yet a sense of love shines through every word. How does the author of this sentence feel about the story?(A) It transmits a sense of love. (B) It is just sad.(C) It is not true. (D) It is horrible and damaging. 6Whether an objective test or an essay test is used, problems arise. When some objective questions are used along with some essay questions, however, a fairly clear picture of the students knowledge can usually be obtained. According to the author, an ideal test should be _A. an objective test B. an essay test C. a combination of the two D. Something new7(四川2008) Mother-of-four Karen Williams from London said, “Paying the housewives may not be practical, but the government should recognize the value of housework, perhaps through the tax. Running a house takes a lot of time and most husbands dont understand this. For example, my husband only puts a shelf up now and again. He never cleans the kitchen thats the real test.” By mentioning her husband, Karen Williams wants to show that _. A. housework is no easy job B. her husband has no time to clean the kitchen C. a housewife needs to be paid for cleaning D. the kitchen is hard to clean8(山东2007) If you look for a book as a present for a child. You will be spoiled for choice even in a year there is no new Harry Potter. J. K Powlings wizard is not alone the past decade has been a harvest for good childrens books, which has set off a large quantity of films and an increased sales of classics such as The Lord of the Rings. Yet despite that, reading is increasingly unpopular among children. According to statistics in 1997 23% said they didnt like reading in all. In 2003, 35% did. And around 6% of children leave primary school each year unable to read properly. Statistics suggested that _. Tips and Tricks: A. the number of top students increased with the use of computers B. a decreasing number of children showed interest in reading C. a minority of primacy school children read properly D. a huge percentage of children read regularly 9 An Eskimo baby who was brought up by American parents would speak English, hate castor oil, and act like any other American child; and an American baby who was brought up by an Eskimo family would grow up to be a seal hunter, to like eating blubber, and to speak Eskimo. 10Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, on-fat diet, vegetable diet We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically. It can be concluded or inferred that _ A. diet products fail to bring out peoples potentialB. people have difficulty in choosing diet productsC. diet products are misleading peopleD. people are fed up with diet products实战Practice:A HIGHFIELD COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLSCHOOL REPORTForm Teacher: G. Baker Pupils Name: Simon WatkinsTerm: Summer 2005Form: BSubjectExamClass workCommentsEnglish5961Simon has reached a satisfactory standard but now needs to apply himself with more determination.Mathematics7785Sound work and progress throughout the year. Well done!History4653A disappointing exam result. He is unable to give attention to this subject for long.Chemistry7885His obvious ability in the subject was not fully reflected in his exam work ,but I have high hopes for him nevertheless.Physics8694An excellent terms performance. He goes from strength to strength. A born scientist, I feel.Biology5760This time next year he will be taking the “0” exam. He needs to concentrate on the work, not on class conversation.French4146Clearly he didnt bother to revise. His general attitude is far too casual.PhysicalEducation/31Weak. Its time he exercised his body more and his voice less. He should try to work with a team.FORM TEA CHERS REMARKS HEADMASTERBasically satisfactory work and progress I shall be keeping an eye on histhough he will now have realized, I hope, that progress in his weaker subjectsin certain subject areas he needs to make speedy though his success in the sciences is improvement. most pleasing.1According to the comments of the Physical Education teacher, Simon .Ais too talkative in the classBlikes to work with his classmatesCdoesnt exercise his body at the fight timeDbecomes weak because he doesnt exercise at all2Which of Simons subjects will attract the headmasters attention in future?ABiology and Maths.BHistory and French.CEnglish and Chemistry DPhysics and Physical Education.B Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read the life story of a famous man, when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed today as paper-books (平装本), which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. A good encyclopedia (百科全书), though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject. Besides, you can have such books as history books, science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems. Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets. 246 words1. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. TV programs are a chief provider of knowledgeB. cinemas are the best choice in getting informationC. reading is a cheap way of learning and having funD. newspapers are an expensive way to enjoy oneself2. What does the sentences “Television has not killed reading, however.” underlined in the second paragraph suggest?A. People only need reading, though.B. Reading is still necessary today.C. Reading is more fun than television. D. Watching television doesnt help reading.3. According to the author, which of the following is true?A. Fewer and fewer people will buy books.B. A good dictionary should be kept in every home.C. Books with hard covers sell better than paper-books.D. More people like TV programs about famous men. C Did you know that womens brains are smaller than mens? The average womens brain weighs 10% less than mens. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent (聪明的) than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that its whats inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain consists of “grey matter” and “white matter”. While men have more of the latter, the amount of “thinking” brain is almost exactly the same in both sexes.It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, its women who come out on top every time.There are other important differences between two sexes. As white matter is the key to spatial (空间的) tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,” says one researcher. That may explain one of lifes great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions and women