高三虚拟语气经典讲解幻灯片.ppt

1 英语动词有三种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 2 定义 用来表示说的话不是事实 或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况 而是一种愿望 建议 假设的语气叫虚拟语气 一 虚拟语气定义 1 二 虚拟语气的考点1 一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法 2 条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 3 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法 4 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法 5 虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定 2 1 一般条件句中的虚拟语气 3 1 IfIhadHIV IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick 2 IfIwereyou IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug 3 IfIhadtakenyouradvice Iwouldn thavemadeamistake 4 Ifhehadbeenthere itwouldn thavehappened 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 4 5 Ifitshouldraintomorrow theywouldn tgoforanouting 6 Ithinkwecoulddoit ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools 7 Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife 与未来事实相反 5 IfIwereyou I buythehouserightnow A won tB don tC wouldn tD can t2 morecareful hisshipwouldnothavesunk A IfthecaptainwereB IfthecaptainhadbeenC ShouldthecaptainbeD Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3 Ifhe metomorrow IwouldlethimknowA shouldcallB shouldnothavebeenableC werenotableD arenotable B C A 6 2 条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 假设条件虚拟倒装 条件从句中含有should were had三个助动词并且放在句首时 可以把if省略 IfIwereyou Iwouldgiveitup WereIyou Iwouldgiveitup IfIhadhadtime Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain HadIhadtime Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain Ifthereshouldbeaflood whatshouldwedo aflood whatshouldwedo Shoultherebe 7 3 名词性从句的虚拟语气 主要是表示命令 要求 建议的虚拟语气 宾语从句 常见动词 一个坚持 insist两个命令 order command三个建议 advise suggest propose五个要求 demand require request desireask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法 即从句中的动词使用should 动词原形 或者将should省略 8 我们建议Tom去休息一下 他坚决要求我到场 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作 WesuggestedthatTom should havearest HeinsistedthatI should bepresent Thekingorderedthattheprisoners should bekilledthenextday Theyrequestedthatwe should sendthemtoworkthere 9 2 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句 包括主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 也要使用虚拟语气 从句中的动词形式一样 order advice suggestion proposal demand request desire It ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown 10 4 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法 1 wish 宾语从句 现在 过去 未来 过去时 did were 过去完成时 haddone would could might V should IwishIwereabird 现在 IwishIhadn tmadesuchamistake 过去 Wewishourparentswouldn tpunishus 未来 11 2 wouldratherthat 现在 过去 未来 Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow 现在 Iwouldratheryouhadgone too 过去 Don tcome Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow 未来 过去时 过去时 过去完成时 12 3 asif though 从句 现在 过去 过去时 过去完成时 Helooksasifheweredrunk Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson Itseemsasifitwerespring Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday 13 4 It shightime that should V 过去时 你该走了 我们该睡觉了 It shightimethatyouwent It shightimethatyouweregoing It shightimethatyoushouldgo It stimethatwewenttobed It stimethatweshouldgotobed 14 5 without和butfor构成虚拟 butfor要不是 Withoutsunlight people slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday Butforyourhelp Iwouldn thavefinishedthework Butforwater itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert 15 6 Ifonly 要是 就好了 IfonlyIknewhisname Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice IfonlyIcouldseehimagain 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了 要是我没错过火车就好了 Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus IfonlyIhadn tmissedthetrain 16 7 语境中的虚拟语气 1 介词短语表条件Butforyourhelp wecouldn thavesucceeded Theywouldn thavereachedtheagreementsoeasilywithoutthatcommonground 2 情境中提供虚拟语气Supposetherewerenogravitationalforce objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped Shewasn tfeelingverywell Otherwiseshewouldn thaveleftthemeetingsoearly 17 8 It snecessary strange natural important that 从句中的动词要用虚拟 即 should 动词原形 1 Itisimportantthatwe should masteraforeignlanguage 2 Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty 3 It snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard 18 三 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点 1 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致 叫做错综条件虚拟语气 主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定 Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher sadvice youwouldn tbeinthehospital 19 经典题目1 Ifyou himyesterday you whattodonow asked wouldknowhadasked wouldhaveknownC askedhim knowD hadasked wouldknow2 Whatwouldhavehappened asfarastheriverbank A BobhadwalkedfartherB ifBobshouldwalkfartherC hadBobwalkedfartherD ifBobwalkedfarther C D 20 3 HowIwisheveryfamily alargehousewithabeautifulgarden 02上海 A hasB hadC willhaveD hadhad4 Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit 95N A breaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken B C 21 陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题5 Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit A willrainB rainsC rainedD israined6 Wouldyouhavecalledherup possible Yes butI busydoingmyhomework A haditbeen wasB ifitwas wereC ifithadbeen hadbeenD ifitwere wouldbe B 该句为陈述语气 因为主句用的是willbeputoff 真实条件句主句为将来时 从句用一般现在时代将来时 问句中用的是虚拟语气 主句用wouldhavecalled 从句中与过去相反的动词形式为haddone 答句中表示的是真实的情况 所以该用陈述语气 A 22 高考题点击7 Youdidn tletmedrive Ifwe inturn you sotired A drove didn tgetB haddriven wouldn thavegotC drove wouldn tgetD weredriving wouldn tget8 ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI inlove attheageofseven withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown 02上海 A wouldn thavefallenB hadnotfallenC shouldfallD weretofall 前句用的是陈述语气 表示过去发生的事 后句是虚拟语气 表示与过去相反 B B 该句主句中用的是与现在相反的虚拟语气 而从句中使用的是与过去相反的虚拟语气 全句意思为 如果我不在七岁时迷上了我们家乡的MelindaCoxLibrary 我真不能想象我今天会做什么 23 DoyoumindifIleavethewindowopen Well I dratheryou A don tB didn tC won tD mustn t10 It shalfpasteleven It shightime home A we llB we dC we regoingD wewent B D 24 11 Jack yet otherwisehewouldhavephonedme N97 A mustn thavearrivedB shouldn thavearrivedC can thavearrivedD needn thavearrived C 25 4 名词性从句中的虚拟语气A 宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词suggest order demand request desire insist require decide determine advise recommend deserve 值得提及 后需用should型的虚拟语气 考题点击 Theteacherdemandedthatthework before4o clock A finishedB befinishedC shouldfinishD finish2 Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmother sillness Hesuggestedthatshe anoperationatonce A musthaveB hadC haveD hadhad B C 26 B 主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型 Itiss