2019高考英语新课件二轮练习精品单元卷14(详细解析).doc

2019高考英语新课件二轮练习精品单元卷14（详细解析）Unit 1-Unit 3 (Book5)(试卷总分100分考试时间100分钟)特别关注本单元重点句型及结构：only+状语（从句），every time, suggest +that+clause, as though, with +符合宾语等。本单元出现的语法为过去分词作表语、定语、状语和补足语，为高考常考语法。的重点是过去分词作定语、状语、补足语以及和不定式、现在分词的区别。第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分40分）第一节：单项填空（共20小题：每小题1分，满分20分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。1、_ all my homework unfinished, I am not allowed to go online to play games.A. To B. For C. With D. Without1.【解析】选C。 with 的复合结构。2.Only in recent years _ realized that ability training is more important than profession Training. A. people have B. people had C. were people D. have people A. 【解析】选D。Only+状语或从句放在句首主句的谓语用半倒装。3. Most students in our class prefer taking pains in our studies to _with a better education. A. equip B. equipping C. be equipped D. being equipped3.【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。take pains to do sth. 尽力做某事。equip和most students构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用不定式的被动结构作目的状语。4. When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, _in conversation. A. absorbing B. absorbed C. to absorb D. to be absorbed4.【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。be absorbed in专心致志于, 全神贯注于。17. After her success as a child actor, Taylor had no trouble _into adult roles and won twice for Best Actress. A. to move B. move C. moved D.moving5.【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。have no trouble(in) doing sth. 做某事没有麻烦, 应选D。6. Henry,_ the experiment as I showed you just now, or you will not pass. A. do B. does C. doing D. Done6.【解析】选A。句意为; 亨利, 照我刚才演示的那样做实验, 否则你通不过。考查祈使句开头与非谓语动词之间易混之处。祈使句+or为固定结构, 做题时需认真辨别。14. If the building project _by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company_. A. to be completed; will be fined B. is completed; is fined C. being completed; will be fined D. completed; is being fined7.【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意为; 如果推迟定于本月底完工的建筑工程的话, 建筑公司就会被罚款。由by the end of this month可知应用不定式表将来, 而the building project和complete又构成被动关系, 故用不定式的被动结构。8. _all the required papers, he didnt answer the questions fluently in class. A. Having not read B. Not having read C. Not read D. Not to read8.【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。read all the required papers发生在谓语动作之前, 故用分词的完成式, 而分词的否定形式是在分词前面加not。9. She suggested that the meeting _. A. Would be put off B. should put off C. be put off D. will put off 1. 【解析】选C。Suggest表示建议时其后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，should可以省略。10. Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice. A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes 10.【解析】选A。第二句话是对第一句话补充说明，与第一句中的eat with their eyes相呼应，第二句表达的应该是他们宁愿点看起来很好吃的东西。应选项A正确。11.Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man and left. A. took up B. got up C. shut up D. set up11.【解析】选B。句意为：詹尼在找座位，幸运的是，这时一位男士起身离开了。get up“起身；站起来；起立”，与语境意义相符。take up“从事；占据”；shut up“闭嘴”；set up“建立，创立”，这三项均与语境意义不符。12.It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money favors to them. A. in preference to B. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for 12.【解析】选D。考查介词短语意义辨析。句意：公务员用自己对他人的格外关照作交换而向他人索要钱物的行为是非法的。根据句意，in exchange for 用作交换，换取；符合题意，因此选择D。in preference to 优先于；in place of 代替；in agreement with 与一致；均不合题意。13. We give dogs time ,space and love we can spare, and , dogs gives us their all. A. in allB. in factC. in shortD. in return13【解析】选D 。考查介词词组辨析。句意： 我们给狗我们所能够抽出的时间、空间和爱， 作为回报， 狗给予我们他们的一切。in all 总共； in fact 事实上；in short 简言之； in return 作为回报。14.Is there any particular soup you would like to have? _you select is all right with me. A. Whatever B. Anyone C. No matter what D. Whichever14【解析】选D。考查主语从句。no matter what和anyone不能引导主语从句, 结合上句句意可知在一定范围内选择, 排除whatever, 故用whichever。15.My parents dont mind what job I do _I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though15. 【解析】选C。考查条件状语从句。句意为：我的父母不介意我从事什么工作, 只要我高兴就行。根据句意用as long as只要。even though即使; as soon as. . . 一就; as though好像; 均不符合语境。16. _wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who16. 【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意为：任何一位想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。在这里whoever引导的名词性从句在整个复合句中充当主语, A项Anyone与B项The one与后面的句子构成定语从句时, 都缺少了在定语从句中作主语的关系代词who, 而作主语的关系代词是不可以省略的。who虽然可以引导主语从句, 但它是一个表示疑问的代词, 与句意不符。17.Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one17.【解析】选D。考查代词用法。 句意为：帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。分析句子结构可知，habit之后的空格处为同位语部分，用one相当于a habit, 空处后的部分为定语从句部分，修饰one, 其后省略了引导定语从句的关系代词which或that, 作learn的宾语。【知识拓展】 “代词作同位语”考点剖析将同位语与代词用法放在一起考查是各种测试题中常见的一种现象，常涉及it, that, one, this, that, as, what及something, anything, nothing等，而其中对one，it, that, what等代词的考查尤其多见, 针对one在句中用于代替“a/an+单数名词”充当同位语的这一考查角度在数年高考题中曾经多次呈现，通过比较我们可以发现某些高考题的相似之处。18.Because Henry and Mark had to work, _of them came yesterday. A. both B. none C. neither D. either18.【解析】选C。考查代词的用法。句意：因为亨利和马克要工作, 所以昨天两人都没来。“两者都不”用neither; “两者都”用both; “三者（以上）都不”用none; “两者之一”用either。19. He is always coming to give me a hand _I am in trouble because we are close friends. A. every time B. each means C. every way D. each other19.【解析】选A。every time是个连词，every time = each time = whenever。20.This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. Circle20.【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于有广泛的食物（选择）适合所有口味和收入的人群的需要，这家餐馆已经火了。由定语从句that suit all tastes and pockets可以推定所选词应表示“（选择）范围”，因此选择C。division 分开，分担；area 面积，地区，领域；circle 圆圈，环形物；均不合题意。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；第小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确答案。The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before 21 this question, it will be useful to introduce some 22 concepts. Conflict, 23 as opposition among social units-or individuals-directed against one another, is 24 from competition, which 25 opposition among social units 26 seeking to obtain something which is 27 inadequate supply. Competitors may not know about one another, which those who 28 in a conflict do. Conflict and competition are both 29 of opposition. The meaning of opposition has been stated as a process by which social unit function in the disservice of one another, opposition is 30 contrasted to cooperation, a 31 by which social units function in the service of one another. These 32 are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited 33 , but conflict isnt . Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur and is probably an essential and desirable 34 of human societies. Many authors have 35 their arguments that war cannot be avoided on the idea that in the struggle for existence among groups of animals, only those which are best 36 remain alive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Those who fail in this competition 37 starve to death or are 38 by other types of animals. This struggle for 39 is not similar to human war, but is like the competition of 40 for jobs, markets, and materials. The most important quality of this struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are not enough to satisfy all. 21. A. consideringB. solvingC. answeringD. saying22. A. relatedB. usedC. translatedD. sacred23. A. specifiedB. remarkedC. definedD. claimed249. A. variableB. distinguishedC. variousD. isolated25. A. acknowledgedB. deniesC. assumesD. means26. A. criticallyB. approximatelyC. independentlyD. costly27. A. onB. forC. withD. in28. A. enterB. participateC. fallD. involve29. A. formationsB. classesC. termsD. reactions30. A. neverthelessB. howeverC. thusD. maybe31. A. processionB. standardC. processD. measurement32. A. accountsB. definitionsC. descriptionsD. explanations33. A. resourcesB. originsC. sourcesD. materials34. A. matterB. elementC. eventD. coincidence35. A. concentratedB. fixedC. centeredD. based36. A. encouragedB. acceptedC. adaptedD. adopted37. A. not onlyB. eitherC. neitherD. both38. A. killedB. raisedC. firedD. surrounded39. A. resistenceB. privilegeC. favourD. employment40. A. workersB. officialsC. individualsD. residents参考答案21.【解析】选A 考虑这个问题之前，有必要介绍一些与之相关的概念。22.【解析】选 A “相关的概念”，应用related。23.【解析】选C define, “解释”，“下定义”，后面经常接as; specify,“指定”，“指明”。The regulations specify that you may use a dictionary in the examination。remark,“说”。claim,“要求承认某人之身份，所有权”。Does anyone claim this umbrella? 有没有人认领这把伞？ 冲突，指的是社会单位，团体或个人之间的对抗。它与“竞争”不同。竞争指的是社会单位间为夺取一种不足够的供应而进行的对抗。24.【解析】选B distinguish from区别，不同；variable与various(多样的)后面一般不接from; isolated “与隔离开来”。25.【解析】选D 对前面competition的解释，“意味着”。26.【解析】选C critically批判地；approximately大致地；independently 独立地；不受控制地；costly形容词，昂贵的。根据文中含义，“竞争对手各自寻求物质，所以才会有冲突”。所以此外选C为宜。27.【解析】选 D in short(inadequate) supply“缺乏的”为固定搭配，一般不用其它介词。28.【解析】选B enter in登记姓名，细节等。例：enter in an item in an account book将一笔账记入账本；fall in陷入，例fall in love with sb. involve in“卷入”，一般为卷入某个事件；participate in参与。 竞争者们可能彼此不了解，而冲突者们则熟识对方。29.【解析】选B formation,构成;terms,术语;reactions,反映;classes在此处指“种类，类别”。冲突和竞争都属于对抗。30.【解析】选C 选这类连接副词时，关键是弄清句与句之间意义关系。上句讲到对抗就是彼此不服务。这句讲到合作就是彼此服务。他们之间连接词自然就是“因此”了，因此他们相反。对抗与合作相反。合作指的是社会单位互相服务。31.【解析】选 C procession队伍，行列；standard标准；process过程；measurement衡量。上句中谈到对抗是彼此不服务时，用的是“a process by which social. . . ”,此处与上句这部分结构完全相同，就可套用process一词。32.【解析】选 B accounts表达；definitions，定义，概念；descriptions,描述；explanations，解释。文章第二句话是第一自然段主题句：介绍几个概念，然后作者分别介绍。此题中用these definitions“这些概念”则与上文浑然一体。对这些定义的理解非常必要，因为有必要强调，个人或团体之间的竞争在这个资源有限的世界是难免的，而冲突则是可免的。33.【解析】选 A resource资源，指国家、人类或个人所拥有的人力及物力，例：We must exploit the natural resources of our country. 我们必须开发本国的天然资源。source指河的源头：the source of Nile尼罗河的发源地。source还指出处，来源，例：The news comes from a reliable source. 这项消息出自可靠的来源。origin起源，the origin of a quarrel 争吵的起因。此空前为a world of limited一个有限资源的世界，因此选A。34. 【解析】选B 冲突很可能发生，它可能是人类社会必不可少、值得得到的要素。35. 【解析】选D base. . . on. . . 把建立在上。36.【解析】选 C 只有那些适应（能力）强的才活下来。37.【解析】选 B 看到or就会想到either; not only. . . but also; neither. . . nor. . . ,both. . . and都是固定搭配。在竞争中失败的动物，要不就是饿死，要不就被别的动物杀死。38.【解析】选 A 由前句starve to death和or可知，此处应同death意义相近。39.【解析】选A 为生存的抗争不同于人类战争。40.【解析】选 C 由后面的jobs, markets and materials可知，此处应填“个人”。 workers, officials和residents（居民）都以偏概全。 第二部分：阅读能力提高（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最正确选项。Before a new airliner goes into service, every part of it is tested again and again. But there are two tests that are more important than all the others. In the first test, a modern airliner must fly at very high altitudes. Air must be pumped into the place so that the passengers can breathe. The metal structure of the plane has to be very strong for this reason. When the plane is filled with air, the air presses against the skin of the plane inside. The pressure on a small window, for example, is like a huge foot that is trying to get out. If a small part of the plane were to crack （爆裂）, the plane would explode in the sky. In order to test the structure of the plane, it is lowered into a huge tank of water .Then it is filled with air. The pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is in the air. Finally, there is an explosion. Engineers can discover which part of the plane has cracked.In the second test, the test pilot must find exactly what happens when all the engines are shut off at once. He takes the plane up very high. Then he shuts the engines off, the plane begins to fall like a stone. it is the pilots job to find out how he can get control of the plane again. These two tests are examples of how planes are made safe before they ever carry passengers.41Why must air be pumped into the plane?A. Because without air the plane cant fly.B. Because the plane needs air for its refueling.C. Because the passengers lives depend on air.D. Because the passengers have paid for it.42What would happen if a small part of the plane was cracked?A. The plane would not go forward.B. The plane would explode.C. The plane would fall down.D. The plane would fly slowly.43For what purpose does the pilot shut off all the engines?A. To find out exactly what happens.B. To save fuel.C. To fly even more slowlyD. To keep balance （平衡）参考答案41【解释】选C提示：第一段，第三句话Air must be pumped into the place so that passages can breathe，故答案为C。42【解释】选B提示：第一段第六行的1：a small part of the plane were to crackthe plane would explode in the sky故答案应为B.43【解释】选A提示：这是一个理解题，第二段的pilot must findexactly what happen when all the engines are shut off at once“这句话为明显的答案。”BRobert Spring, a 19th century forger（造者）, was so good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of Americans. Spring was born in English in 1813 and arrived in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore. At first he became rich by selling his small but real collection of early U.S. autographs （手稿）. Discovering his ability at copying handwriting, he began imitating signatures of George Washington and Ben Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old bocks. To lessen the chance of detection（察觉）, he sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale.Forgers have a hard time selling their products. A forger cant deal with a respectable buyer but people who dont have much knowledge in the field. Forgers have many ways to make their work look real. For example, they buy old books to use the aged paper of the title page, and they can treat paper and ink with chemicals.In Springs time. right after the Civil War, Britain was still fond of the Southern states, so Spring invented a respectable maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of General“Stonewall ”Jackson. For several years Miss Fannys financial problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and manuscripts. Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand. All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty, leaving sharp - eyed experts the difficult task of separating his forgeries from the originals.44Why did Spring sell his false autographs in England and Canada?A. There was a greater demand there than in America.B. There was less chance of being detected there.C. Britain was Springs birthplace.D. The prices were higher in England and Canada.45After the civil War, there was a great demand in Britain for_.A. Southern moneyB. Signatures of George Washington and Ben FranklinC. Southern manuscripts and lettersD. Civil War battle plans46Robert Spring spent 15 years_.A. running a bookstore in PhiladelphiaB. keeping in touch with Miss Fanny JacksonC. as a forgerD. as a respectable dealer47According to the passage, forgeries are usually so1d to_.A. sharp - eyed experts B. persons who arent expertsC. book dealers D. owners of old books48Who was Miss Fanny Jackson?A. The only daughter of General“ stonewall” Jackson.B. A little - known girl who sold her fathers papers to Robert Spring.C. Robert Springs daughter.D. An imaginary person created by Spring.参考答案44【解释】选B提示：从第一段最后一句中的“to lessen the chance of detection得出结论。”45【解释】选C提示：最后一段开头一句说Britain was still fond of the Southern states而从下文Spring的所作为指南方的东西，故为C。46【解释】选C提示：第一段第二句话说Spring made his living for 15 years byselling false signatures of Americans，则为make a Living as a forger47【解释】选B提示：从第二段的第二句得出结论。48【解释】选D提示：最后一段第一句话中invented一词表示这个人物是Spring发明和杜撰的。CEach child has his individual（个人的）pattern of social, as well as physical, development. Some of it depends on his home life and his relationships with the people who love him. Children in large families learn how to get along with others through normal brother- sister play and tussles （打斗）. An only child, on the other hand , may have to learn his lessons in social living through hard experiences on the playground or in the classroom. Twins who always have one another to lean on may be slow in responding to others because they do not need anyone else.A child who is constantly scolded and made to feel he does everything wrong may have a difficult time developing socially. He may be so afraid of displeasing the adults around him that he keeps to himself （where he cant get into trouble）or he may take the opposite route and go out of his way to create trouble. Like the deserted child, he too may return to infantile （幼稚的）pleasures, developing habits that will satisfy him, but create barriers（障碍）toward social contact.49Which of the following may have effect on childrens paten of social development?A. Age.B. EducationC. Home life. D. Gender（性别）50The passage implies that which of the following may have the earliest time learning to get along with others?A. An only child B. A child from a large familyC. Twins D. Children who are continually scolded51Which of the following is implied by the passage?A. Too much scolding of children may make their social development difficult.B. All children developed in the same ways.C. Children who are constantly scolded may learn to get along with others quickly.D. Deserted children often exhibit quicker social development.52We can inferred from the passage that_.A. continual scolding is not harmful to the child.B. continual scolding holds back healthy social d