初中英语复习1--名词.doc

初中英语复习名词 ltzzjr考纲要求1了解名词复数形式的构成规则。2能识别名词所有格，如Marys book，Childrens Palace，teachers office等。 3能认识专有名词。4能熟练运用常用的不可数名词，如water，rice，milk等。可数名词与不可数名词1、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化： 特殊变化：manmen ; womanwomen ; childchildren；footfeet ;toothteeth；mouse(鼠)mice；policemanpolicemen； EnglishmanEnglishmen , FrenchmanFrenchmen单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; JapaneseB、规则变化1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 iz 2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 seg. boxes b ksiz blouses blauziz 3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es-读vz eg. knives naivz 4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清s 5)一般加s 浊就浊z eg. booksbuks penspenz babiesbeibiz但注意以下几点： 以o 结尾的除potatopotatoes ; tomatotomatoes外，其余都加s. reefreefs; giraffe, scarf 可加s，可按规则变。 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 man doctor men doctors, woman driver(复数)_其余的只变后边一名词 banana tree- banana trees, boy student(复数)_* sports, clothes, goods做定语时,仍用复数形式 a sports bag a goods train 服装店_（ ）1 .There are three _assistants in that _shop.A. women, cap B. woman, cap C, woman, caps D. women, caps（ ）2. He went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes. A shoes store B shoe store C shoes store D shoes store“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. GermanGermans有些名词后以s结尾，但他们不是复数a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations (联合国)应视为单数。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也视为单数。 eg.The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。 * people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 eg. The police are looking for the missing boy. The Chinese people _( love) peace.2、名词所有格：名词s (意思是 “的”)A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“s” Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父亲露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲_2)以s结尾的词只加“ ”eg. the boys books Teachers Day James的父亲_ 父亲节 _3)姓氏名词或职业名词后的 s多表示住所或职业场地e.g, at Uncle Wangs, at the teachers,在医务室_ 在牙科诊所_4)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg. the leg of the desk5)双重所有格：a friend of my fathers a friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( )( )1. Lucy is _ sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Marys and Jacks C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jacks( ) 2.The two bedrooms are the _. A twins B twins C twins D twins( )3.Mrs. Black is a friend of _.A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers3、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：液体类(water)：juice(果汁) , tea（茶） , soup（汤） , milk（牛奶） , cola（可乐）,coffee（咖啡）, orange(桔汁)肉类(meat)：fish(鱼肉); chicken(鸡肉)； beef（牛肉）, pork（猪肉）,mutton（羊肉）：食物类（food)：broccoli（花椰菜），rice（大米，米饭） ,porridge（粥) ,bread（面包）, chocolate（巧克力） ,tofu（豆腐）, junk food（垃圾食品）其他：money(钱); medicine（药）; air（空气）; snow（雪）; rain(雨)；cotton（棉花）; paper(纸) ; glass(玻璃) hair（头发） 抽象名词类：music(音乐) ; weather（天气）； time(时间) ；work（工作）news（新闻,消息）, information（信息）,advice（建意）,friendship（友谊） , homework（家庭作业）,housework（家务活）, schoolwork（学业）, help（帮助） ,fun （乐趣）, health（健康）, 不可数名词应注意以下几点：1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.2)表量用约数little; a little; some /any ; much ; a lot of 一些鸡肉_ 许多雨_ 太多家务活_ 大量信息_ 个数单位词：piece （张、片、块、条）,或用of短语 容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）,类别单位词：kind( 种、类)度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤) 当单位词前数词是“二”或以上时单位词用复数。eg. a piece of music two pieces of news三瓶牛奶_ 五千克大米_ 一条新闻_ 两块肉_eg. There is _ bread on the table. A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many There is some_ on the plate. A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer The man is carrying two _ rice on his bike. A. bag of B. bags C. bags of D. bag*4. 数词+名词+形容词构，成复合形容词，中间名词只保留单数形式，中间加连字符,构成复合形容词修饰名词。eg, ten-minute walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk, 两米长的直尺_ , 三个星期的假期_ * three-week holiday = three weeks holiday 当前有冠词 a/ an 时，一般用合成形容词。 eg. We have a three-week holiday every year. We often go sightseeing in our three weeks holiday.（ ）The model plane was made by a _ boy. A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older C. ten-year-old D. ten-year old练 习一、写出下列词的复数 1.book_ 2.bus _ 3.orange _4.baby_ 5.boy_ 6.my _7.his_ 8.knife_ 9.watch_10.sheep _ 11. tooth _ 12. leaf _13.German_ 14.Chinese_二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：1The two girls are ( Japan ) .2. The ( baby ) are asleep 3. Do you know the two ( man teacher ) ?4. The ( child ) are washing their ( foot ) .5.There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields .6. September 10 is ( teacher ) Day .7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than maths .8. Dont you think the ( radio ) are too noisy ?9. Whose ( knife )are these ?10. “ Whose house is this ?” “ Its the ( Smith )” .选择正确的答案( )1.Are those _? -No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )2.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very good B. any C. a piece of D. two pieces( )4._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him _.A. Mr. Green B. Mr. Allan C. Mr. James D. James Green( )7.Jack and Tom are _.A. good friends B. good friend C. a good friend D. good a friend( )8. There is a over the river .A. ship B. boat C . bridge D. village ( )9.He often has _ for breakfast.A. two breads B. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )10.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months holiday B. two months holidayC. two-months holiday D. two months holidays( )12.I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of _ to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working( )13.Li Lei is a friend of _. A. I sister B. my sisters C. me sister D. my sister of( )14. What you need is more . Dont always do your at your desk.A. exercise ; exercise B. exercises ; exersises B. C. exercises ; exercise D. exercise ; exercises ( )15.How many _ are there in the room? A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes( )16. All the teachers and students are having a party.A . women ; girls B . women ; girl C . woman ; girls D . woman ; girl ( )17.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table .A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss( )18.The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices( )19.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes( )20.In our school there are fifty-five _.A.women teachers B.woman teachers C.women teacher D.womans teacher找错，改错1,Please give me a paper. 2,My glasses is broken. 3,This is a Marys dictionary. 4,May I borrow two radioes?5,Physics are very difficult to learn. 6, Dont eat too much meats.7,There are many fruit in the shop. 8,It is Jones and Marys. 9,He i