2013届英语毕业论文格式完整装订版.doc

照此图片粘贴，字体，字号；位置：剧中Yangtze University College of Arts and Science初号、楷体、加粗、单倍行距、居中毕业论文楷体GB2312、三号、1.5倍行距、上面按三号汉字空7行三号、楷体GB2312、加粗、1.5倍行距题目名称： 英汉思维差异对翻译的影响 题目类型： 研究论文 学生姓名： 张 三 院 (系)： 外语学部 专业班级： 英 语 5081 指导教师： 韩 翠 萍 时 间： 2012年10月8日至2013 年5月31日 小四、宋体、加粗、1.5倍行距、空三行小四、宋体、加粗、1.5倍行距、空三行The Effect of Thinking Modes on Translation Between English and Chinese按小四、1.5倍行距、空二行论文标题：二号、Times New Roman、加粗、居中A ThesisPresented to the Faculty of Foreign Studies小四、加粗、Times New Roman、1.5倍行距，居中。Yangtze University College of Arts and ScienceBy Zhang SanIn Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsFor the Degree ofBachelor of Arts May 2013Supervisor: Han Cuiping 目 录任务书I开题报告指导教师评审意见评阅教师评语答辩会议记录英文摘要中文摘要正文目录论文正文1参考文献24致谢41附录一 中文译文42附录二 英文原文43（以上I-VI11项以大写罗马数字编排页码，起始页码为I-1、I-2 -1、-2.小五号，宋体，居中），从毕业论文正文开始，以阿拉伯数字编排页码，起始页码为123)长江大学文理学院毕业论文(设计)任务书参照此格式填写学部 外语 专业 英语 班级 英日5091班 学生姓名 张三 指导教师/职称 韩翠萍/ 讲师 填写论文题目的英文和中文版。英文在上，中文在下。1. 毕业设计(论文)题目 The Effect of Thinking Modes on Translation Between English and Chinese中英思维差异对英汉翻译的影响统一按照此时间段填写。2. 毕业设计（论文）起止时间2012年10月8日2013年5月31日3. 毕业设计(论文)所需资料及原始数据（指导教师选定部分参考文献编排顺序及格式请参照文档参考文献格式说明）1 Baker, M. In Other Words: A Coursebook on TranslationM. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000. 221-216 2 Bell, T.R. Translation and Translating Theory and PracticeM. London and New York: Longman, 1995. 314-316-10英语参考文献不得少于十项11 陈宏薇.新实用汉译英教程M.武汉：湖北教育出版社，1996.136.12 丛滋杭.翻译理论与翻译教学J.中国科技翻译，2007,(1).62.13 李威.跨文化非言语交际对外语教学的启示J.六盘水师范高等专科学校学报，2002,(3).6014 刘宓庆.翻译教学：实物与理论M.北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2003. 323-324.15 王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展EB/OL. http:/www.//pub/wml.txt/980810-2.html, 1998-10-04.16 张思洁, 张柏然.形合与意合的哲学思维反思J.中国翻译，2001, (7): 13-20所有参考文献不得少于20项4. 毕业设计(论文)应完成的主要内容I 引言按个人实际情况填写相关内容。II 语言与思维的关系2.1 从心理学角度分析中西方的思维差异2.2 从语言学角度分析中西方的思维差异2.3 从心理学及语言学两方面探讨语言与思维的关系III 中英思维差异对英汉翻译的影响3.1 思维方式差异对翻译的影响按个人实际情况填写相关内容。3.2 翻译实践中如何避免思维方式差异导致的翻译问题IV 总结5. 毕业设计(论文)的目标及具体要求（1）在学校图书馆查阅相关的文献,为论文的写作做准备；（2）拟订粗线条的论文大纲，指导教师认可后撰写详细的论文大纲；（3）论文大纲获得指导教师的认可后，开始准备任务书和开题报告；（4）按照规定的时间上交任务书和开题报告；（5）参加论文开题答辩，开题答辩获得通过后，进入论文的写作阶段。在论文的写作阶段经常保持与指导教师的联系，定期向指导教师汇报论文的写作情况及进展；（6）按个人实际情况填写相关内容。按时提交论文的初稿、修改稿和定稿，并做好论文答辩的准备；（7）通过对以上任务的完成，对翻译的策略有进一步的认识。6完成毕业设计(论文)所需的条件及上机时数要求统一填写此时间段。（1) 在校内图书馆、校外图书馆查阅大量相关的资料；（2) 整理与本论文有关的中英文资料；（3) 上机时间不少200小时。任务书下达日期 2012年 10 月 8 日 指导教师(签字) 任务书批准日期 2012 年 10月26 日 教研室(系)主任(签字) 完成任务日期 2013 年 5 月31日 学生（签名） -3Yangtze University College of Arts and Science毕业设计开题报告题 目 名 称 英汉习语的对比及其翻译 学 部 外 语 学 部 专 业 班 级 英 日 5091 学 生 姓 名 张 三 指 导 教 师 韩翠萍 开题报告日期 2012年11月12日 -1毕业设计（论文）开题报告英文题目中文题目一 题目来源三种题目来源中选一种，请指导老师帮忙确定填哪一种。 结合生产/社会实际 结合科研 结合教学二 研究目的和意义三阅读的主要参考文献及资料名称四国内外现状和发展趋势与研究的主攻方向 要求至少1000字五主要研究内容、需重点研究的关键问题及解决思路六完成毕业设计所必须具备的工作条件（如工具书、计算机辅助设计、某类市场调研、实验设备和实验环境条件等）及解决的办法1所需工作条件：(1) 相关的中英文献资料；(2) 网络资源及计算机辅助设备； (3) 校内中英文图书期刊室；(4) 中英文图书期刊室及数字图书馆。2解决方法： (1) 在学校图书馆、阅览室查阅相关的大量文献资料；(2) 充分利用网络资源及文献检索系统，查阅和下载丰富的论文资料；(3) 熟练使用计算机辅助设备。七工作的主要阶段、进度与时间安排12012年10月中旬确定论文题目；22012年10月下旬查阅相关资料，阅读文献，翻译文献资料，撰写文献综述；32012年11月上旬完成开题报告，11月15日参加开题答辩会；42012年11月30日之前完成论文第一稿；52012年12月14日之前完成论文第二稿；62012年12月28日之前完成论文第三稿；72013年1月6日前论文定稿、装订并交由相关教师评阅；82013年6月8日参加论文答辩。八指导教师审查意见指导教师 签字 _2012年11月13日-3此表格的抬头几栏，参照此模板和格式，据实填写。下同。长江大学文理学院毕业论文(设计)指导教师评审意见学生姓名张三专业班级英日5091毕业论文(设计)题目The Effect of Thinking Modes on Translation Between English and Chinese英汉思维差异对翻译的影响指导教师韩翠萍职 称讲师评审日期年 月 日评审参考内容：毕业论文(设计)的研究内容、研究方法及研究结果，难度及工作量，质量和水平，存在的主要问题与不足。学生的学习态度和组织纪律，学生掌握基础和专业知识的情况，解决实际问题的能力，毕业论文(设计)是否完成规定任务，达到了学士学位论文的水平，是否同意参加答辩。评审意见：注意此处表格的格式 指导教师签名： 评定成绩（百分制）：_分长江大学文理学院毕业论文(设计)评阅教师评语学生姓名张三专业班级英日5091毕业论文(设计)题目The Effect of Thinking Modes on Translation Between English and Chinese英汉思维差异对翻译的影响评阅教师韩翠萍职 称讲师评阅日期年 月 日评阅参考内容：毕业论文(设计)的研究内容、研究方法及研究结果，难度及工作量，质量和水平，存在的主要问题与不足。学生掌握基础和专业知识的情况，解决实际问题的能力，毕业论文(设计)是否完成规定任务，达到了学士学位论文的水平，是否同意参加答辩。评语：注意此处表格的格式评阅教师签名： 评定成绩（百分制）：_分IV长江大学文理学院毕业论文(设计)答辩记录及成绩评定学生姓名张三专业班级英日5091毕业论文(设计)题目The Effect of Thinking Modes on Translation Between English and Chinese英汉思维差异对翻译的影响答辩时间 年 月 日 时答辩地点一、答辩小组组成答辩小组组长：成 员：二、答辩记录摘要答辩小组提问（分条摘要列举）学生回答情况评判注意此处表格的格式三、答辩小组对学生答辩成绩的评定（百分制）：_分 毕业论文(设计)最终成绩评定(依据指导教师评分、评阅教师评分、答辩小组评分和学校关于毕业论文(设计)评分的相关规定)注意此处表格的格式等级(五级制)：_答辩小组组长(签名) ： 秘书(签名)： 年 月 日院(系)答辩委员会主任(签名)： 院(系)(盖章) VTimes New Roman、小二、加粗，居中 AbstractTimes New Roman, 小四、首行空两个汉字符，其他两端对齐，1.5倍行距，首行前面空两个汉字符，与上文空一行。“Abstrac”加粗。 Thought, language and culture are closely interrelated. Language embodies thoughts and thoughts dominate language, but both under the general framework of culture. Different thinking modes of the Chinese and the Westerners have always been a top academic issues. Such academic celebrity as Jia Dejiang, Liu Miqing, R. Scholar and Kaplan have conducted systematic studies on it and have yielded amazing results. Differences in Chinese and English thinking modes can be classified in various aspects. Chinese thinking modes tend to focus on visual effects, to generalize, be subject-oriented, tortuous and fuzzy, and above all be paratactic. The English thinking modes on the other hand are generally rational, analytical, object-targeted and straight forward and tend to by accurate and above all focus on hypotaxis Of course other scholars may classify them from some other aspects. These special features in thinking modes are fully manifested in the two languages, lexically, syntactically, semantically, grammatically and contextually. Ignorance of these features may cause negative effects on translation such as stubborn rendering resulting from ignorance of different syntactic preferences, misleading rendering due to differences in viewpoints, awkward transferring for ignorance of rhetoric preference, inaccurate translation caused by improper diction or wordy diction regardless of the syntactic structural differences.In order to avoid the above problems, sufficient cultural background information will be helpful and strategies such as shifting translation, graphic translation, backward translation shall be adopted. It can be thus concluded that translation cannot afford to neglect differences in thinking modes and that the corresponding strategy may greatly help improve the translation quality. （中文摘要的对应译文）Times New Roman、小四、加粗,1.5倍行距，与上文空一行Keywords Chinese and English thinking modes； differences； linguistic embodiment； translation strategies；（注意：关键词与中文对应, 3-5个，词与词之间用分号分开，除专有名词外，其他单词首字母不大写）VI小二号、黑体、加粗、居中。两字之间空2个字符。中 文 摘 要 思维、语言与文化有着紧密的联系。语言是思维的载体，思维是语言的内容，这一切都统一在文化的总框架内。中西思维方式的差异一直是国内外学术界关注的重点研究课题。国内贾德江、刘宓庆，西方的R. Kaplan等学者对此课题进行了深入的研究，并取得了令人瞩目的成果。中英思维方式的差异可以从很多方面进行分类。中国人的思维总的来说是如重意象的直观性，对事物规律的归纳总结和重视主体的感受和内在逻辑性联系的意合，体现为主螺旋型上升趋势，具有明显的模糊性。而英国人的思维方式则重理性与分析性，注重对客体的临摹与再现，所以其思维呈直线状态，具有精确性的特点，强调严谨的外在形式的融合等。当然不同的学者也从其他方面进行了分类。这些思维方式在两个民族的语言上也有充分的体现，从词汇、句法、语义、语法和文体上分别呈现了明显的差异。对这些差异的忽视往往导致中英翻译中出现各种错误，如过于拘泥于原文的字面，忽略两种语言的句法特征，忽略不同的视角和文体特色，或者由于句法差异而导致在目的语的累赘表述等。 为了避免上述问题，通常要有充分的文化背景知识，然后采取转换翻译策略，包括词类，词义，句法结构等的转换，同时也可以采取临摹翻译法和反向翻译法等策略。由此可见，思维方式的差异对翻译质量的影响不容忽视，必须采取相应的策略，以提高翻译质量。(400-450字)小四、宋体、加粗，行首空两个汉字符，与上文空一行关键词 中英思维方式；差异；语言表现；翻译策略 （摘要和关键词应充分反映和概括论文的精神，并与英文摘要相对应；关键词3-5个，词与词之间用分号分开）VIIContentsI Introduction1II Literature Review22.1 Aristotelian School: Metaphora Device of Rhetoric22.2 The Platonic SchoolLanguage is Metaphorica52.3 The Study of Metaphor From the 20th Century to the Present6III On Similarity7VI On the Mechanism of Metaphor154.1 Blacks Interaction theory154.1.1 Introduction to the Interaction Theory154.1.2 Some Defects of the Interaction Theory164.2 Lakoffian Conceptual Metaphor Theory194.2.1 The Philosophical Basis of lakoffian Theory194.2.2 Lakoffian Theory on the Mechanism of Metaphor214.3 Conceptual Integration Theory294.3.1 An Introduction to the Conceptual Integration Theory2 Four Mental Spaces2 Three Processes of BT3 Optimality Principles of BT344.3.2 The Advantages of BT in Solving the Paradox of Former Theories3 The Generic Mental Space3 The Blending Space and Emergent Structure3 The Other Advantages of BT40V Conclusion42Bibliography45Acknowledgements46(本目录仅为格式模板。实际目录请确保内容和页码与正文完全相符。目录格式说明：大标题：三号、Times New Roman、加粗、居中一级标题：小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、不缩进二级标题：小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、缩进一个字母三级标题：小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、缩进约3个字母四级标题：小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、缩进约6个字母 ）论文各级标题大小写原则各级标题保持一致，各个单词的首字母符合大写原则的话都大写。1.题目的第一个单词首字母要大写；2.冠词首字母都不需要大写；3.字母多于三个(不含三个)的介词、连词首字母要大写；4.名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、感叹词首字母要大写；5.大写所有英语中要求大写的单词。如月份、人名、地名等等。这几条原则的优先性是递减的，也就是说，如果几条原则之间出现了矛盾的情况，应优先实用前面的原则。如：如果题目的第一个单词是冠词或不多于二个字母的介词时也应该大写。IXUndergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and Science一级标题单独起页、Times New Roman，小二号单倍行距、顶格加粗、下空小四单倍行距一行。题号用罗马数字标注，数字后面不加任何标点符号。注意上面页眉 I Introduction正文用Times New Roman小四、1.5倍行距，标准字间距。段首缩进两个汉字符。Language by nature is the embodiment of human thoughts and thoughts in turn is the mental reflection of the world around us on basis of some analysis, generalization, judgment and reasoning. Animals have thoughts as well, but their awkward sounds for communication are far from being language. Language is therefore closely related to and supported by human thoughts. That is to say, language has no basis for its existence if there is no thought. But thoughts, though accessible by various means, are best represented in language and can thus best fulfill its obligations to the speakers by such means. Language as an arbitrary, phonetic and morphologic semiotic and audio system of communication, has long defined as human and is thus the most convincing distinctive features of human beings from animals. The thinking patterns are one of the most important cues in culture. It is closely related to cultures and embodies the characteristics of cultural psychology. Besides, the modes of thinking also are closely related to language. Different modes of thinking are embodied in language.(i) The relationship among language, culture and thoughtLanguage is part of culture. Such as Chinese language is part of Chinese culture. Each country has its own language in a specific culture. However, their relationship is not just between part and whole. Language is the carrier and contained of culture, as many aspects of culture can be expressed in language. As a mirror of culture, language is strongly influenced and shaped by culture. In all, language and culture are closely related; each influences and shapes the other.Language is an instrument used in the communication of thought. It is closely related to thought, too. It represents thought and is influenced by thought. In turn, thought is influenced by language. In addition, thought is determined by cultural value. Their relationships with each other seem more complex. In a word, each of them influences and shapes others. They are seen as three parts of a whole.(ii) Different ways of thinking between Chinese and Western“The ways of thinking is quite different, actually, people live in certain area have their own way of thinking. It connects to various kinds of factors, such as geography, history, nation and so on. The ways of thinking are the important reason of cultural difference. It includes knowledge, concepts, methods, language and custom and so on.” （Deng Yanchang：1997，483）These factors influence each other, which led to different ways of thinking. Therefore, the ways of thinking have their own characteristics, like geography characteristics, social characteristics and national characteristics, etc. According to geography characteristics, it can be divided into Han nation, English and American nation, etc. Here we will make a comparison on Chinese and Western ways of thinking.引文：左缩进5个字符、后不缩进、上下各空1行ibid, 表示此处所引文字与上一处所引出处相同，页码另行标注。“The different ways of thinking in fact are the reflection of cultural difference. People who live in different areas for a long time have different cultural characteristics; therefore, their ways of thinking are different.”（ibid. 484）Under the influence of different geography environments, life styles, customs and different cultural values; the East and West are different from ways of thinking. Let us examine some phenomena:In the college, a foreign teacher is teaching in a class, he is talkative and expressive. Everyone listens to him interestingly. Suddenly, he stops and asks them a question. However, the students dont know how to answer, they dont tell the answers. The teacher got a little angry but he had no idea on their behavior. This scene often happens in Chinese classroom. In the foreigners eyes, they consider that keeping silent is not a good way when we contact with others. Even you dont understand, you should say something instead of keeping silent, as it often is regarded as rude and impolite.The reason lies in that the East and the West have a different way of thinking. The Eastern people are conservative, introvert and inactive, they put more emphasis on harmony, and they like common and stable life; while the Western people are more open-minded, extrovert and active, they like changeable life and thus they emphasize on competition. In this way, their different ways of thinking lead to their different understanding on each others behavior. If Chinese see somebody is talkative, they could think he or she wants to extent himself or herself to be the focus of everyone.In China, we seldom see a couple making close contact in public. They are always walking side by side in a certain distance. While in the West, the couple will open to the public; they are free to show that they are a couple. Even they meet the acquaintances; they always give them a hug or kiss as greeting. Controversially, Chinese will shake hands with their friends but seldom hug them. They dont kiss them as they regard it as an intimate action between husband and wife.The reason why the east and the west people behave so differently is that people live in the East emphasize on ethic principal, morality, they focus on direct feeling and image. The westerners focus on freedom, democracy and emphasize on individual. In all, Chinese traditional way of thinking has its own characteristics. It emphasizes the morality, harmony of the society; it promotes the collectivism, responsibility and devotion and so on. The western way of thinking also has its own characteristics. It emphasizes on logic and science, individual achievement, it promotes human right, equality and so on.The great geographic distance between the British and the Chinese peoples, together with the accompanying different living conditions and cultural environments, has much accounted for the diverse conceptual patterns of the two nations. Such conceptual differences have been duly reflected in and shed great influence on the two languages. Translation between the two languages is consequently far beyond linguistic rendering, but more of cultural transferring and exchange of conceptual patterns. - 41 -Undergraduate Thesis of Faculty of Foreign Studies Yangtze University College of Arts and ScienceII Literature ReviewAccording to Jia Dejiang, “thinking patterns, thought characteristics and thinking styles are the philosophical mechanism of language production. Language actually attaches closely to the thought that is the profound mechanism.”(Jia DeJiang：2002，166) Thinking patterns are the deep-rooted mechanism in the formulation and development of language, which in turn promotes the specialties in certain conceptual patterns. Language is the carrier of reflection and abstraction of reality, and mode of thought is the conscious activity when people reflect and recognize the objective reality. The differences between thinking patterns are the main reasons that result in the differences of language forms, so the study of the transition between different languages should begin with the study of modes of thought in close connection with the cultures and the languages. Another well-recognized Chinese linguistic scholar Liu Miqing has offered apparently different but essentially similar remarks on the relations between language and thought. His standing is that modes of thought has controlled over languages (ibid.35) , and that languages are the concrete manifestation of modes of thought.English-Chinese modes of thought have their own characteristics in thinking core, thinking pattern, cognition habits and thinking principles. As a tool for communication the basic attribute of English and Chinese are the same. But because of the influence of their own cultures, there are many differences between the two. The English individualism and the Chinese entirety, hypotaxis as against parataxis, as passive vs. active, sta