Britain rcise 2.doc

Exercise 2 1. The first known settlers of Britain were the _.A. Celts B. IberiansC. Beaker Folk D. Romans2. The Celts religion was _.A. Buddhism B. IslamC. Druidism D. Christianity3. Roman control was only effective in _.A. Scotland B. WalesC. London D. The southeast of Britain4. Christianity was first brought to England by the _.A. Romans B. CeltsC. Anglo-Saxons D. Danes5. The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly 400 years and they pulled out in _.A. 306 AD B. 410 ADC. 446 AD D. 1066 AD6. Which of the following tribes came to Britain first?A. The Angles. B. The Saxons.C. The Gaels. D. The Jutes.7. _ became the first real king of England, though he did not assume that style.A. Offa B. EgbertC. Vortigern D. Hengist8. _ became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.A. Columbia B. Ethelbert C. St. Augustine D. Egbert9. The Vikings began to attack various parts of England from the end of the _century.A. 7th B. 8thC. 9th D.10th10. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-Saxons. B. The Normans.C. The Vikings. D. The Romans11. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Alfred the Great started the English navy.B. Alfred the Great reorganized the Saxon any, making it moreefficient.C. Alfred the Great established schools and formulated a legal System.D. Alfred the Great impose a tax, called the Danegeld, on the Saxons.12. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Canute was chosen by the Witan as king of England.B. Canute was a warrior king and fought many battles against theNormans.C. Canute divided power between Danes and Saxons.D. Canute forced Malcolm II, king of the Scots, to recognize him as overlord.king of Denmark and Norway who forced Edmund II to divide England with him; on the death of Edmund II, Canute became king of all England (994-1035)13. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Edward the Confessor was more French than English.B. Edward the Confessor filled his court with foreign favorites.C. Edward the Confessor was on very good terms with his father-in-law, Earl Godwin.D. Edward the Confessor appointed a Norman priest Archbishop ofCanterbury.14. When Edward the Confessor died, _was chosen by the Witan as king of England.A. the king of NorwayB. Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex p43C. Edgar, Edwards nephewD. Tostig, the deposed Earl of NorthumbriaNorthumbria ( an Anglo-Saxon kingdom in northern England until 876)Tostig 1066年9月哈罗德在斯坦福布里奇击败其兄弟托斯蒂格(Tostig) 和挪威国王哈德尔达(Harold Hardrada),但诺曼第的威廉公爵随后入侵英格兰,于1066年10月14日在黑斯廷斯附近击败哈罗德。Edward the Confessorson of Ethelred the Unready; King of England from 1042 to 1066; he founded Westminster Abbey where he was eventually buried (1003-1066)15. Tostig, Harolds brother, joined_, and made an attempt to recover his lost earldom of Northumbria.A. Harold Hardrada, King of NorwayB. Edgar, Edwards nephewC. Malcolm II, King of the ScotsD. Hardicanute1066年9月哈罗德在斯坦福布里奇击败其兄弟托斯蒂格(Tostig) 和挪威国王哈德尔达(Harold Hardrada),但诺曼第的威廉公爵随后入侵英格兰,于1066年10月14日在黑斯廷斯附近击败哈罗德。16. William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in_.A. 1086 B. 1066C. 1035 D. 138117. William won the Battle of Hastings. Later, on_, he was crowned king of England.A. Easter Day B. St. Andrews DayC. Christmas Day D. Boxing Day18. William, Duke of Normandy, is now known as_.A. William the Confessor B. William Lion-HeartC. the father of the British navy D. William the Conqueror19. Most of the land belonging to the Saxons was confiscated by William and given to_.A. the Norman barons B. the DanesC. the Irish D. the Scots20. The Norman Conquest is perhaps _event in English history.A. a trifling B. the best-knownC. a horrifying D. a sensational 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. B l0. A 11. D 12. B l3. C l4. B l5. A 16. B 17. C l8. D 19. A 20. B.Define each of the following term in English.1. Stonehengean ancient megalithic monument in southern England; probably used for ritual purposes2. the Hadrians Wallan ancient Roman wall built by Hadrian in the 2nd century; marked the northern boundary of the Roman Empire in Britain3. Heptarchy世纪初叶9世纪中叶，不列颠岛上七国并立的时代。从5世纪中叶起，欧洲大陆上的盎格鲁撒克逊人和裘特人跨北海侵入不列颠岛。在征服当地克尔特人的过程中，许多小国逐渐合并为7个王国。南部有西塞克斯、南塞克斯和东塞克斯；东北部和中部有麦西亚、诺森伯里亚和东盎格里亚；东南部有肯特。相互争雄，战乱不已。埃格伯特建立起统一的英格兰王国。七国时代结束。4. the Synod of Whitby5. the Dane law III. Give a brief answer to each of the following questions.1. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?2. Why was the impact upon the Britons surprisingly limited?3. When did the Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain?4. When did England begin to be christianized?5. What was the result of the Synod of Whitby in Yorkshire in 664?6. What did England belong to after Canute was chosen king of England?7. Where did Harold defeat Tostig and Hardrada?8. By whom was William crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey?9. What did William do after he suppressed the Saxon risings in thenorth?10. Was the Norman Conquest the last successful invasion of England?(答案参见课程精讲) IV. Write about 100 words on each of the following questions or topics.1. What contributions did the Anglo-Saxons make towards building the English state?2. Who were the Anglo-Saxons and how did the Heptachy come into being?3. Who were the Vikings and how did they invade Britain?4. What do you know about King Alfred? What makes him worthy of the titleof Alfred the Great?5. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest? 1. Although the Anglo-Saxons were ferocious people, constantlyquarrelling, they laid the foundation of the English State. The name England derived from the Angles. The Anglo-Saxons divided the country into shires with shire courts and shire reeves, responsible foradministering law as comprehensive as any in the early medieval world.They devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system, whichcontinued until the agricultural revolution in the 18th century. Theyalso established the rnanorial system, whereby the lord of the manorcollected taxes, and organized the local army. And they created thewitan to advice the king, the basis of the Privy Council, which stillexists today.2. The Anglo-Saxons refer to the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes. They were three West Germanic tribes. The Jutes, who fished and farmed in Jutland (now southern Denmark), came to Britain first and settled in Kent in the mid-5th century. Then the Saxons, users of the short-sword from northern Germany, established their kingdoms in Essex, Sussex, and Wessex from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century, the Angles, who also came from northern Germany, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy.3. The Vikings (or Norsemen) were ancestors of modern Norwegians, Danes and Swedes. They were seafarers and harassed Europe from the 9th to the 11th centuries. The Norwegians and the Danes raided various parts of England from the end of the 8th century. They became a serious problem in the 9th century, especially between 835 and 878. They even managed to capture York, an important center of Christianity in 867. By the middle of the 9th century, the Danes were posing a threat to the Saxon kingdom of Wessex. Alfred, King of Wessex, was strong enough to defeat the Danes and came to a relatively friendly agreement with them in 879.The Danes gained control of the north and east of England (the Danelaw), while Alfred ruled the rest.4. Alfred was the King of Wessex. As a warrior king, he fought many battles against Danish invaders. Finally he defeated the Danes and came to a relatively friendly agreement with them in 879. He also persuaded some Danish leaders to be baptized as Christians. Alfred is known as the father of the British navy as he founded a strong fleet, which first beat the Danes at sea, then protected the coasts and encouraged the trade. He also reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient. Alfred taught himself Latin and translated into English Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English people. A learned m