外研版 选修六 Module 5 CloningGrammar课件（44张PPT）.ppt

subjunctivemood虚拟语气 英语动词有三种语气 mood 陈述语气indicative祈使语气imperative虚拟语气subjunctive 虚拟语气的概念 功能 虚拟语气是一种动词形式 表示说话人的一种愿望 假设 怀疑 建议等含义 虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实 iwishthatwe todosomuchhomework ifiwereyou i itoverbeforemakingthedecision it beenimpossibletofindmydaughterwithoutthehelpofthefriendsunited asikissedherlips theybecamepale asifshe dead isuggestthatyou moreexercisetoloseweight itisnecessarythatmoreinformation aboutthepresentsituationinpdrk it s high timethatwe preparingforterminalexams it sstillearly we thatearlyfromhome itrainedyesterday otherwisewe it didn thave wouldthink wouldhave were should take should becollected started needn thavestarted wouldhavefinished 条件句可分为两类 一类为真实条件句 一类为非真实条件句 非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况 故采用虚拟语气 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 虚拟语气常见用法之 真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气 假设的情况可能发生 其中if是如果的意思 ifitrainstomorrow wewon tdotheaerobicexercise thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit a willrainb rainsc rainedd israined fact fact ifhehadcomeyesterday iwouldhavetoldhimaboutit 含义 hedidnotcomeyesterday soididnottellhimaboutit ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress 含义 hewasillandmissedmanylessons sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress 非真实 虚拟条件句 iffrankensteinhadknownthecreaturewouldbesougly he notgive lifetoit wouldn thavegiven iffrankenstein make friendswithit themonster nothave thedesireforawife hadmade wouldn thavehad iffrankenstein create awifeforthemonster it notmurder people wouldn thavemurdered hadcreated iffrankensteinhadknownthecreaturewouldbesougly hewouldn thavegivenlifetoit iffrankensteinhadmadefriendswithit themonsterwouldn thavehadthedesireforawife iffrankensteinhadcreatedawifeforthemonster itwouldn thavemurderedpeople 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 表示过去并不存在的情况 过去 haddone 过去完成时 would could should might havedone ifyou take myadvice you notfail intheexam ifyou come alittleearlier you notmiss thefamousprofessor hadtaken wouldnothavefailed wouldn thavemissed hadcome ifi be ontheothersideoftheworldnow i face theuglymonster 我现在要是在世界另一头 就不会面对这个怪物了 were was wouldn tface 其实要是这家伙没这么丑的话 在它怀里还不错 ifthemonster notlook sougly it feel goodinhisarm didn tlook wouldfeel ifi die i notthink oftheuglymonsteranymore died wouldn tthink ifiwereontheothersideoftheworldnow iwouldn tfacetheuglymonster ifthemonsterwerenotsougly itwouldfeelgoodinhisarm ifidied iwouldn tthinkoftheuglymonster 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 1 表达与现在事实相反的情况 现在 did 动词过去式 were would could should might 动词原形 1 ifgovernments notallow cloning manyscientists lose theirjob 2 ifi be theheadteacher i allow theuseofcellphones didn tallow wouldlose were wouldallow hi howareyou ifthemonster say hi tome i close myeyes said wouldclose supposethefollowingareimaginarysituationsinthefuture ifthemonster be tocallmedad i beatit were would should ifthemonster askmetomakefriendswithit i call forthevillagerstochasehimoutofthevillage should wouldcall ifthemonstersaid hi tome iwouldclosemyeyes ifthemonsterweretocallmedad iwouldbeatit ifthemonstershouldaskmetomakefriendswithit iwouldcallforthevillagerstochasehimoutofthevillage 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 3 表示将来实现的可能性非常小的情况 将来 weretodoshoulddo动词过去式 would could should might 动词原形 ifyou ahelicopternextweek iwouldbuyatank weretobuy shouldbuy bought 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点 1 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致 叫做错综条件虚拟语气 也称为混合虚拟 主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间分别处理 如果你开车时不是太快 现在你就不会在医院了 ifyouhadn tdriventoofast you notbe inhospitalnow iftheweather finerinthepastdays thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetternow ifi know hisaddress i youyesterday knew wouldhavetold wouldn tbe hadbeen 2 假设条件虚拟倒装 条件从句中有should were had三个助动词可以把if省略 并将这三个词提至句首 ifiwereyou iwouldgiveitup wereiyou iwouldgiveitup ifitwerenotfortherain wewouldgoouttotravel wereitnotfortherain wewouldgoouttotravel ifyouhadn tbrokentherule youwouldn tbeintrouble hadyounotbrokentherule youwouldn tbeintrouble ifitshouldraintomorrow whatshouldwedo shoulditraintomorrow whatshouldwedo without和butfor构成虚拟条件 butfor 要不是 withouttheinternet people slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday withoutyourhelp iwouldhavefailed butforyouadvice iwouldn thavefinishedtheworkontime ifihadn tacceptedyouradvice iftherewerenosunlight ifihadn tgotyourhelp but也可以引导含蓄条件 xiangyucouldhavekilledliubang buthewastokindanddidn tfollowfanzeng advice ifhehadnotbeensokindandhadfollowedfanzeng sadvice 3 其他词表达含蓄条件 otherwise or否则 hedidn tcomehereyesterday otherwise hewouldhavemether hemissedthefirstbus orhecouldhavearrivedontime hejumpedoffthebusintime orhewouldbeinhosipitalnow but也可以引导含蓄条件 xiangyucouldhavekilledliubang buthewastokindanddidn tfollowfanzeng advice ifhehadnotbeensokindandhadfollowedfanzeng sadvice whatwouldihavedonethenwithoutyourhelp whatwouldihavedonethenifihadn tgotyourhelp itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway butforyourinstructions wecouldn thavesucceededintheexperiment hemusthaveextraordinarystrength or otherwisehecouldneverhavebeatenthatgreattiger xiangyucouldhavekilledliubang buthewastookindanddidn tfollowfanzeng advice alone hewouldhavebeenterrified livinginthe19thcentury wecouldn thaveimaginedsuchadvancedtechnologyoftheinternetfromwhichwebenefitalottoday ifhehadnotbeensokindandhadfollowedfanzeng sadvice todothework ishoulddoitsomeotherday a ifwereib iwerec wereid wasi foryouradvice iwouldn thavesucceeded ifitwerenotb haditnotbeenc wereitnotford ifitisnotfor c b 1 withoutwater what like a willtheworldbeb wouldtheworldbec wastheworldd istheworld2 hereafewminutesearlier hewouldhavemetthatfamousfilmstar a hadhebeenb shouldhebec werehed hashebeen3 ifmymother meaboutitwheni young iwouldnotmakesuchmistakes a hastold wereb told wasc told hadbeend hadtold was b d a 4 ifhe myadvice hewouldn thavelosthisjob 2010陕西 a followedb shouldfollowc hadfollowedd wouldfollow5 thisprinterisofgoodquality ifit breakdownwithinthefirstyear wewouldrepairitatourexpense 2009天津 a wouldb shouldc couldd might6 butfortheirhelp we theprogramintime 2009安徽 a cannotfinishb willnotfinishc hadnotfinishedd couldn thavefinished c d b 7 theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry yes ifithadrainedevenadrop thingswouldbemuchbetternow andmyvegetables 2010北京 a wouldn tdieb didn tdiec hadn tdied wouldn thavedied8 hadiknownaboutthiscomputerprogram ahugeamountoftimeandenergy 2010浙江 a wouldhavebeensavedb hadbeensavedc willbesavedd wassaved9 forthefreetickets iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften 1995上海 a ifitisnotb wereitnotc haditnotbeend iftheywerenot d c a 10 itishardformetoimaginewhatiwouldbedoingtodayifi inlove attheageofseven withthemelindacoxlibraryinmyhometown 2002上海 a wouldn thavefallenb hadnotfallenc shouldfalld weretofall11 ifihadn tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell you now a couldn thavesmiledb wouldn tbesmilingc didn tsmiled won tsmile b b 虚拟语气之二 使用 should do句型1 一个 坚持 insist 两个 命令 order command 三个 建议 suggest advise recommend propose 四个 要求 request require demand desire相关句型 sheinsistedthatherboyfriendcallhereveryday itissuggestedthatthemeetingbeputoffuntilthenextday theofficergavetheorderthattheystartatmidnight mydemandisthatyoukeepitasecret 注意 hislookssuggestedthathewaspleased heinsistedthathehadn tbrokenthe lawand insisted that should besetfree 说明 暗示 坚持说 坚持认为 坚持要求 2 it snecessary important naturalthat it snecessarythathebehereontimetoday itisimportantthatwenottellanyoneelseaboutit 3 itisstrange surprising astonishing amazing shocking that i msurprised astonished amazed shocking that it sverystrangethatyoushouldsayso iwasverysurprisedthatherefusedourkindoffer everyonewasshockedthattheboywhotheyhadallthoughthonestshouldhavestolenhisclassmates money 以上句中的should意思是 竟然 不能省略 否则用陈述语气 如 itwasstrangethathewassorude iwasveryamazedthatthelittleboyrememberedsomanyenglishwords 虚拟语气之 其他情况 1 asif though clause 表语 状语 现在 过去 将来 过去时 would could might v helooksasifhesawaghost itlooksasifitmightrain theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson itseemsasifitwerespring irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday 2 wouldratherthat 现在 过去 未来 iwouldratheryoupaidmenow iwouldratheryouhadgone too don tcome iwouldratheryoucametomorrow 过去时 过去时 过去完成时 3 ifonly 要是 就好了 iwishthat ifonlywecouldhavenohomeworkeveryday ifonlyyouhadworkedharder 4 it s high timethat 早 该做 了 it shightimethatweendedourlesson 5 needn thavedone本来不必做weneedn thavebeensonervous forthetestturnedoutrathereasy 6 should not havedone sh