译林版高二英语选修8学案：Unit2 SectionⅢ Word版含解析.doc

unit 2the universal languagepart grammar省略为了使语言简洁或避免重复，要省略句子的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略。省略常见情形：1在由and连接的句子中，常省略一些重复的词或词组(1)省略共同的主语或宾语。mr. smith picked up a coin on the road and (mr. smith)handed it to a policeman.史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬币，并把它交给了警察。(2)若主语不同而谓语部分的助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的情态动词或助动词。jack must have been playing football and mary (must have been) doing her homework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽在写作业。(3)若主语与谓语动词都相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。his advice made me happy，but(his advice made)jim very angry.他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆很生气。(4)若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。i was born in 1998 and bob(was born) in 1989.我出生于1998年，鲍勃是1989年。(5)省略重复的介词、连词及后续部分。he was late because he had overslept and (because he had)missed the train.他迟到了，因为睡过了头误了火车。2状语从句中的省略(1)在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if/though，as，whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语动词是be，而且主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句中主语和be常被省略。his opinion，whether(it is) right or wrong，will be considered.他的意见，无论对错，都要考虑。errors，if(there are)any, should be corrected.如果有什么错误，就应当改正。(2)在as，than，however，whatever，no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。after two hours she became quieter(than she had been)两个小时后，她安静多了。(3)虚拟条件句常省略if，将were，had，should提前，构成部分倒装。should there be a flood(if there should be a flood)，what should we do?如果发生了洪水我们该怎么办？had he taken my advice(if he had taken my advice)，he would be a college student now.如果他早接受我的建议，他现在就是一名大学生了。(4)有些状语从句置于句末，也可省略，有时可省略整个从句。i would have come yesterday(if i had wanted to)我昨天本来可以来的(如果我想来的话)。3定语从句与名词性从句中的省略(3)在与suggest，request，order，advise等词相关的名词性从句中，应用虚拟语气形式“should动词原形”，should可以省略。it is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.有人建议我们去看电影。4动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合5.介词的省略(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见句型有：have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth.be busy (in) doing sth.stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.the heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.大雨使得他没能准时到达那里。(2)表示时间的介词at，on和in 用在next，last，this，these，yesterday，tomorrow，one，any，every，each，some等词之前，一般可省略。.单项填空1 she hurriedly left the room _.aas if angry bas if she angrycas if were she angry das if be angry2 meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，_ i will always treasure.athat bonecit dwhat3 the house rent is expensive；ive got about half the space i had at home and im paying _ here.aas three times muchbas much three timescmuch as three timesdthree times as much4 what would have happened _，as far as the river bank?abob had walked fartherbif bob should walk fartherchad bob walked fartherdif bob walked farther5 is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?ahe explainedbwhat he explainedchow he explaineddwhy he explained6 _ be sent to work there?awho do you suggestbwho do you suggest that shouldcdo you suggest who shouldddo you suggest whom should7 when _，the museum will be open to the public next year.acompleted bcompletingcbeing completed dto be completed8 you should have thanked her before you left.i mean！_，but when i was leaving i couldnt find her anywhere.ato do btocdoing ddoing it9 are you going out for a walk?_.aid like bid like to becid like to dboth b and c10 we spent the whole day _.aat smiths bat the smithscat the smiths dboth a and b11 what about _ a walk for a while?aour taking bus two takingcfor us to take dboth a and b12 which of the following is wrong?ahe runs faster than i.bhe runs faster than me.che runs faster than i do.dhe runs faster than me do.13 i know _ he studies hard and _ he always gets the first place.athat；/ b/；thatc/；/ dboth a and b14 we all know that，_，the situation will get worse.anot if dealt carefully withbif not carefully dealt withcif dealt not carefully withdnot if carefully dealt with15 jack bought a new mobile phone the other day._？thats his third one in just one month.ahad he bdid hecdoes he dhas he16 they do not visit their parents as much as they _.aought bought to visitcought to dought do17 if parents never expect their children to be helpful at home，they are sure _.anot bnot tocnot to be dnot to be that18 did you go to see the football match in the stadium?_，but my cousin called on me.aid like tobid like to haveci wouldnt like itdi like to19goodbye！im glad _ you._，too.ato see；i bto have seen；mecto be seen；me dseeing；i20_，you have given me a lot of help.atell the truthbto tell you the truthctelling true dtelling truth.体验高考1sit down，emma.you will only make yourself more tired，_ on your feet.ato keep bkeepingchaving kept dto have kept2since people are fond of humor，it is as welcome in conversation as _ else.aanything bsomethingcanywhere dsomewhere3we could invite john and barbara to the friday night party.yes，_？ill give them a call right now.awhy not bwhat forcwhy dwhat4im sorry i broke the vase.oh，_.it wasnt very expensive.ayoud better not bim afraid notcas you wish dthats all right5linda didnt invite us to the party._？i dont care.afor what bso whatcwhats on dwhats up答案：.1.a补充完整为“as if she were angry”；因主句的主语与从句的主语一致，且从句谓语动词为be，从句的主语和动词be可以省略。2b用one代替可数名词“an unforgettable moment”，“i will always treasure”作定语，修饰one，引导词that省去。3d修饰比较级的three times只能置于比较结构之前，不能置于其后或其中；本题中比较状语从句部分被省略。4c“what would have happened”暗示后面使用虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反；当if省略时，可将were/had/should提前，构成部分倒装；用if从句表达则是if bob had walked farther。句意：“如果鲍勃走得更远些，走到河岸边会发生什么事呢？” 5aexplain作“解释”讲为及物动词，须接宾语。此处关系代词that或which被省略；why引导定语从句时，在句中作状语，相当于for which。6a本题结构为“疑问句插入语陈述句”。do you suggest为插入语，suggest后宾语从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词的形式为“(should)动词原形”，should可省略。7a时间状语从句和主句为同一主语，museum和complete是被动关系。且从句谓语中含有be助动词，可省略从句中的主语和be助动词。8bmean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”，而mean doing表示“意味着”。由语境可知须用动词不定式作宾语，此处省略了不定式，只保留了不定式符号to。9c若省略不定式时，通常保留不定式符号to，若to后有be，have done或have been done时，保留be，have和have been。10dat smiths (house)“在史密斯家”，smith前不可加the；at the smiths (house)“在史密斯家人的家里”。11dwhat(how) about后接名词或动名词形式，排除c项；另外，动名词的复合结构是形容词性物主代词(或名词所有格)加动名词，若动名词短语在句中作宾语，口语中可用宾格(或名词通格)代替。12dthan后若只有主语时，若不引起歧义，既可用主格，也可用宾格；但若than从句中保留谓语(或谓语一部分)，主语只能用主格形式。13b若动词后有两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。14b句意：“我们都知道，如果不慎重处理，形势会变得更加糟糕。”if not carefully dealt with的完整形式是if it (the situation)is not carefully dealt with。15b由the other day知，第二句也应用一般过去时。did he是did he buy a new mobile phone的省略。16c句意：“他们没有按应该去看望父母的次数去看望他们。”ought to后的动词与上文出现的动词相同时，可以省略动词只保留ought to。17c句意：“如果在家里父母永远都不想让孩子帮忙，那么他们一定不会那样做。”通常不定式的省略只保留不定式符号，如果后面有助动词be或have则需与to一起保留。此处省略了与上文相同的部分helpful，保留了不定式符号和be动词。18b句意：“你去体育场看足球赛了吗？我本想去的，但我堂兄来了。”would like to have done表示“原本打算做某事而实际上没做”，在简短答语中，可省略与上文相同的部分，但当不定式含有be和助动词have时，则须保留be或have。19b句意：“再见，很高兴和你见面。我也是。”