【考点突破】人教版高中英语必修三学案：Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars语法篇（教师版）.doc

unit4astronomy: the science of the stars语法篇_要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法-名词性从句中的主语从句一、主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。1.that引导that he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着，真是奇迹。that we shall be late is certain.我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。that he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。that she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。that she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。that you are coming to london is the best news i have heard this long time.你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。that she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上，在她村子里引起很大轰动。2.whether引导whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。3. 连接代词引导whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet.两强相争勇者胜。whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。4. 连接副词引导when we arrive doesnt matter.什么时候到没有关系。how it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。how this happened is not clear to anyone.这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。how many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。where i spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。5. 关系代词型what引导what we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。what i want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。whats done is done. 事已成定局。what he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。what i am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。what make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 为河水增色的是水里的荷花。what you need is a good-sized canvas bag.你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。what i am afraid of is their taking him to portugal. 我担心的是他们把他带到葡萄牙去。what struck me was that they have all suffered a lot.给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。二、主语从句与形式主语it有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况：(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语从句：its a pity that he didnt come.很遗憾他没来。it is important that he should know about this. 他必须知道此事。its vital that we be present. 我们出席是至关重要的。it was intended that you be the candidate. 大家的意图是让你当候选人。it is important that this mission not fail. 这项使命不失败至关重要。it is essential that a meeting be convened this week. 本周开一次会非常重要。it is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 废除这个税是恰当的。its unfair that so many people should lose their jobs. 竟有这么多人失业这是不公平的。its amazing that she should have said nothing about it.她竟未谈及此事令人惊讶。its unthinkable that they should deny my request. 他们竟然拒绝我的请求，这是不可思议的。that they should refuse to sign the petition required great courage. 他们拒绝在请愿书上签字这是需要很大勇气的。(2)对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。it was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。it remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它对我们是利是害，还得看看再说。(3)对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。如：what we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。what i want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。有时也可将助用形式主语。如：it is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。(4)如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构：is it true that he is the girls father? 他是那女孩的父亲，是真的吗?how is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了?三、连词that的省略问题引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略;若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that可以省略：that you didnt go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)it was a pity (that) you didnt go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)1.(2014上海期末)_ golf was first played in scotland in the 15th century is generally agreed.a. whetherb.whyc. that d. what解析：根据句意“普遍认为高尔夫球最初是于15世纪在苏格兰进行比赛的。”本题考查主语从句，主语从句中不缺少任何成分，再根据句意可知答案。答案：c。2. (2014全国大纲)exactly_ the potato was introduced into europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.a. whetherb.whyc. whend. how解析：根据句意“土豆被引进到欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能在1565年左右”此处为主语从句的引导词，从around 1565判断，这里指时间。答案：c。3.(2014天津)i think_ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.a. whatb. thatc. whichd. who解析：根据句意“我认为他的画像使我印象深刻的是他对色彩的使用。”在主语从句中，所缺的词作主语且表示“物”，没有选择范围，所以用what引导。答案：a。4.(2014北京)some people believe _has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.a.whateverb.wheneverc.whereverd. however解析：根据句意“一些人认为以前发生过的任何事情或是现在正在发生的任何事情都会在将来重复出现的。”“_has happened before or is happening now.”作believe后的宾语从句的主语，该主语从句中缺少主语，故用whatever（任何的事情）来引导主语从句答案：a。5.(2014吉林)there is solid evidence_ watching 3d movies can have side effects on the viewers.a. whatb. thatc. whichd. how解析：根据句意“有确凿的证据表面，看3d电影对观众可能有不良的影响。”evidence后为同位语从句，表示evidence的具体内容，因为从句中不缺少句子成分，所以由that引导，答案：d。基础演练1._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.a. what b. that c. how d. where2. i just wonder _ that makes him so excited.a. why it does b. what he does c. how it is d. what it is3. water，which seems so simple and common，is _ makes life possible.a. what b. that c. which d. how4. id like to work with _ is honest and easy to get on with.a. who b. whoever c. whomever d. no matter who5. when you are reading，make a note of _ you think is of great importance.a. which b. that c. what d. when6. mr. smith asked the boy a question_ he could go to the concert with him.a. whether b. that c. what d. if7. a warm thought suddenly came to me _ i might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.a. if b. when c. that d. which8. there is much chance _ bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.a. that b. which c. until d. if9.when asked _ they needed most，the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.a. what b. why c. whom d. which10.the reason _ he didnt come is _ he was ill.a. why; that b. that；why c. why; because d. why; whatkeys:1-adabc 6-10acaaa巩固提高1.with his work completed，the businessman stepped back to his seat，feeling pleased _ he was a man of action.a. which b. that c. what d. whether2. nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.a. why b. that c. where d. because3. the shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough.a. where b. howc. what d. which4.he noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _ it had been in the morning.a. that b. where c. what d. which5.can we get everything ready by the weekend?it all depends on _ we can get mr. greens cooperation.a. that b. what c. whether d. if6._ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.a. anyone b. the one c. whoever d. who7. the boss refused to sell the car for _ he thought was not satisfactory.a. that b. which c. how d. what8. it makes little difference to me _we go or stay.a. whether b. wherec. that d. how9.the two people speak different languages and cannot communicate with each other well.oh，i see. thats _ misunderstanding occurs.a. when b. whatc. that d. why10. before the sales start, i make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.a. why b. whatc. how d. whichkeys: 1-5 bbccc6-10 cdadb1.fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. a what b that c this d which2.we cant get seems better than _we have.a what, what b what, that c that, that d that , what3.some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.a. whether b. what c. that d. how4. it is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. a. that b. what c. how d. whether5. when changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know.a. he is entering which lane b. which lane he is enteringc. is he entering which lane d. which lane is he entering6. it is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.a however b whatever c whichever d whenever7. before the sales start, i make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.a. why b. what c. how d. which8. have you finished the book?no, ive read up to_ the children discover the secret cave.a. which b. what c. that d. where9. the shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. a. whatb. howc. thatd. why10. i prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on sundays.thats_i dont agree .you should have a more active life.a. where b. how c. when d. what11. part of the reason charles dickens loved his own novel, david copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.a. what b. that c. why d. whether12. one reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.a. that b. how c. what d. why13. when the news came _ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.a. since b. which c. that d. because14. there is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.a. whatb. ifc. howd. that15. it never occurred to humans until the mid-1990s _ some animals can be cloned. a. where b. that c. when d. what keys:1-5 babbb6-10bbdaa 11-15 bacdb_一、 完型填空a little boy invited his mother to attend his schools first teacher-parent meeting. to the little boys 1 ,she said she would go. this 2 be the first time that his classmates and teacher 3 his mother and he felt 4 of her appearance. although she was a beautiful woman, there was a severe scar(疤痕)that5 nearly the entire right side of her face. the boy never wanted to 6 why or how she got the scar.at the meeting, the people were 7 by the kindness and natural beauty of his mother 8 the scar, but the little boy was still embarrassed(尴尬)and 9 himself from everyone. he did, however, get within 10 of a conversation between his mother and his teacher. the teacher asked 11 ,“how did you get the scar on your face?”the mother replied,“ 12 my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught fire. everyone was 13 afraid to go in because the fire was14 , so i went in. as i was running toward his bed, i saw a long piece of wood coming down and i placed myself over him trying to protect him. i was knocked 15but fortunately, a fireman came in and saved both of us.” she 16 the burned side of her face. “this scar will be 17 ,but to this day, i have never18 what i did.”at this point, the little boy came out running toward his mother with tears in his eyes. he held her in his arms and felt a great 19 of the sacrifice(牺牲)that his mother had made for him. he held her hand 20 for the rest of the day.1.a.enjoymentb. disappointmentc. surprised. excitement2.a. wouldb. couldc. shouldd. must3.a.noticedb. greetedc. acceptedd. met4.a. sickb. ashamedc. afraidd. tired5. a. includedb. passedc. coveredd. shaded6. a. talk aboutb. think aboutc. care about d. hear about7. a. impressedb. surprisedc. excited d. comforted8. a. in sight ofb. by means ofc. by way of d. in spite of9. a. hidb. protectedc. separated d. escaped10. a. understandingb. remindingc. hearing d. learning11. a. carefullyb. seriouslyc. nervouslyd. anxiously12. a. asb. whenc. sinced. if13. a. sob. muchc. quite d. too14. a. out of controlb. under controlc. in controld. over control15. a. helplessb. hopelessc. senseless d. useless16. a. pointedb. showedc. wiped d. touched17. a. uglyb. lastingc. seriousd. frightening18. a. forgotb. recognizedc. consideredd. regretted19. a. honorb. sensec. happinessd. pride20. a. quietlyb. slightlyc. tightlyd. suddenly二、阅读理解healthy habits, healthy bodyfeel tired lately? has a doctor said he cant find anything wrong with you? perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you. then, consider this: you might be in a state of subhealth(亚健康). subhealth, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline state between health and disease. according to the investigation(调查) by the national health organization, over 45 percent of subhealthypeople are middle-aged or elderly. the percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-weeks. symptoms(征兆)include a lack of energy, depression(压抑), slow reactions, insomnia (失眠), agitation, and poor memory. other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs. the key to preventing and recovering from subhealth, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, alternate (轮流的)work and rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities. as for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. they should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish because they are rich in nutritional elements vitamins and trace elements that are important to the body. nutrition(营养) experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化系统). they also