英语句型、时态复习.doc

一、名词名词可数名词、不可数名词不可数名词，如：glue, chalk, snow, rain, cake, ice cream可数名词有单、复数形式 可数名词变成复数形式的情况：1、在名词末尾加s:books, flowers, pens, stamps2、以s，x, ch, sh结尾的名词，末尾加es: buses, beaches, fishes3、以辅音字母+y结尾的，去y变i，再加es: family-families, story-stories4、单复数同形的：sheep，people5、不规则变化的：man-men, woman-women, child-children, wolf-wolves, leaf-leaves 二、动词在小学阶段，需要掌握动词的原形、现在分词、过去式和第三人称单数形式。动词的现在分词，用于现在进行时态，其构成一般规律：1、一般在动词末尾加ing:talking reading flying looking cooking eating2、动词末尾是不发音的e,去掉e,再加ing:take-taking come-coming ride-ridinghave-having make-making 3、以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写这个辅音字母，再加ing: run-running sit-sitting put-puttingbegin-beginning hit-hitting swimming 动词的第三人称单数形式，用于一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数的情况，其变化如下：1、动词末尾加s:says asks sings answers looks makes2、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的动词加es:teaches brushes3、以辅音字母+y结尾的，去y变i,再加es:fly-flies try-tries 动词的过去式，用于一般过去时，其变化如下：1、一般动词在末尾加ed:looked talked played wanted walked 2、以不发音的e结尾的，只加d:write-writed like-liked 3、有些动词的原形和过去式同形：sit put hurt read hit 4、不规则变化的动词，要求学生熟记：buy-bought bring-brought teach-taughtsay-said think-thought go-wentsee-saw come-came am,is-wasare-were eat-ate throw-threwswim-swam lie-lay do-didwrite-wrote 三、简单的词形变化 1、名词与形容词有些名词末尾加y,可以转变成形容词：rain-rainny cloud-cloudy wind-windy snow-snowy 这些名词中，以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，要双写这个字母，再加y:sun-sunny 2、形容词与副词：有些形容词的末尾加ly,可以转化成副词：sad-sadly happy-happily slow-slowlyquiet-quietly loud-loudly quick-quickly 3、形容词、副词的比较级：a、在词尾加er: taller, shorter, younger, olderb、以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写这个辅音字母再加er: biggerc、以辅音字母+y结尾的，去y变i,再加er: early-earlierd、以不发音的e结尾的，只加r:late-latere、大部分多音节词在单词前加more: expensive-more expensivef、不规则的变化形式：good-better 四、简单的句子知识1、陈述句 陈述句中，要注意的是主语和谓语部分的时态和人称的一致。如：I am writing.Li Ming likes French fries.Danny bought ice cream yesterday. 2、一般疑问句 一般疑问句是将陈述句中的动词提到主语的前面，或在句首加助动词构成的问句，有肯定yes和否定no两种回答。如：把be动词提到主语前面的：She is a teacher.-Is she a teacher?We are children. Are you children? 把情态动词提到主语前面的：I can sing well. Can you sing well?You may sit now. May I sit now?在句首加助动词的，原来句中的实意动词要恢复原形：Li Nan likes donuts. Does Li Nan like donuts?Danny ate a hot dog yesterday. Did Danny eat a hot dog yesterday?You eat supper at 7:00. Do you eat supper at 7:00? 3、特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句是由疑问词加上一般疑问句构成的疑问句，答语为陈述句，必须与问题一一对应。 询问年龄，用how oldHow old is Jenny? She is eleven. 询问颜色，用what colourWhat colour is your hair? Its black. 询问价格，用how muchHow much is a stamp? 2 yuan. 询问行为方式，用howHow do you go to school? By bus. 询问数量，用how manyHow many markers do you have? I have twelve markers. 询问时间，用whenWhen is Teachers Day? Its September tenth. 询问具体时刻，用what timeWhat time is it now? Its 6:30. 询问地方，用whereWhere is the book? Its on the desk. 询问身高，用how tallHow