公开课课件-阅读策略与技巧.ppt

welcome Doyouenjoythisfilm 阅读思路分析与解题方法 ByChenZhimeiLibaoMiddleSchool 2010年江苏省高考考试说明阅读理解要求 1 理解语篇主旨大意 2 理解文中的具体信息 3 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义 4 根据文中的事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理 5 理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系 6 理解作者的意图 观点和态度 7 用恰当的词语补全文章提纲 概括关键内容或作要词词语转换 阅读理解题型 2 事实细节题 3 推理判断题 4 猜测词义题 1 主旨大意题 应试技巧与指导 9 一 主旨大意题 段落 或短文 的主旨大意所设立的常见题型 1 Whatisthemainideaofthispassage 2 Whatistheauthor smainpoint 3 Themainideaoftheparagraphis 4 Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestexpressesthemainidea 5 Whatdoestheparagraphmainlysuggest 6 Theparagraphcentersonthepointthat 7 Thetopicsentenceofpassageis 8 Whichisthebesttitle 11 Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious Theworldpopulationisrising soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals Ifwecontinuetodothis humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive 文首开门见山 提出主题 随之用细节来解释 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想 最常见的演绎法写作方式 ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebitten 咬 bysnakes Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites 伤口 thatledmetothiscareer hesaid In1963 afterhisarmyservice ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChinesemedicine Aspartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthemountains Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives IwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet Itwasaveryhotafternoon Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefeltapaininhislefthand Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyapoisonoussnake Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmtostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart Rushinghomeheshouted Bringmetheknife Minuteslaterthemanlosthisarmforever ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes Shusaid 2 首尾呼应 为突出主题 作者先提出主题 结尾时再次点出主题 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见 通常 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味 13 Ahumanbodyappearstoberathersoftanddelicate comparedwiththatofawildanimal butitisactuallysurprisinglystrong Indeed itsverysoftnessandloosenessisanadvantage itmakesmangoodatmovingaboutmovementofalllivingthingsofhisownsize becausehecandosomanydifferentthingswithhislimbs Man sgamesshowhowhecancontrolhisownbody Nootherlandcreaturecanswimasskillfullyasman morehassuchvariedgrace veryfewlivesaslongashe noneissostronginitsnaturalresistancetodisease Thereforemanhasagreatadvantageinhisbattleagainsttherisksofdamageanddeaththatthreatenhim 3 文尾在表述细节后 归纳要点 印象 结论建议或结果 以概括主题 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式 14 Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark Infact themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout 4 文中通常前面只提出问题 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出 而后又作进一步的解释 支撑或发展 TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors HarvardLawSchooland later BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami Florida Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat A Tom whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears movedtoanotheruniversity B TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege C TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity D Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation 16 5 无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中 没有明确的主题句 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节 进行全面考虑 综合分析 然后找出共同的东西 归纳成一般概念 必须注意的是 既不能以偏概全 也不能在概括时过于宽泛 要恰如其分 details Passageidea 二 细节理解题 事实细节类题目常见的设问方式 Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrueexcept Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof Whichofthefollowingisthemainfeatureof Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage 事实细节题解题技巧1 若针对特殊标点符号 举例子 名人名言出题 只需要阅读符号 例子 名言前后的内容 然后与选项核对 2 在出现一些关键词 如however but moreover therefore thus时 要特别注意句子前后意义的转折 递进 因果等关系 3 细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项4 选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案 如 must never themost all merely only haveto any no completely none 等 事实细节题解题技巧5 注意选项中的副词 形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致 如 must may often should usually might most moreorless likely all never few等存在程度不同 经常被偷换 往往被忽视 6 细节题干扰项特点 与原文内容相反 与原文内容一半相符 一半不同 叙述过于绝对化 原文没有提及 Atthefootofthesefairymountains thevoyagermayhaveseenthelightsmokerisingfromavillage Itisalittlevillagewithgreatage havingbeenfoundedbysomeoftheDutchcolonistsandthereweresomeofthehousesoftheoriginalsettlerslivingwithinafewyears builtofsomeyellowbricksbroughtfromHolland havinglatticedwindows 格子窗 Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph A Thereistoomuchthicksmokeinthevillage B ThevillageisverylargebutitlooksoldC TheoriginalsettlersoncebuiltsomehouseofDutchstyleD Thevillagewasonceveryrichinresources 三 推理判断题 推理判断题常见句型 1 Fromthelastparagraph wecaninferthat 2 Followingthelastparagraph theauthorwillperhaps 3 Thetextisintendedto 4 Bythispassagetheauthormainlywanttosay 5 Itcanbeinferredfromtheexamplethat 6 Thetextismostprobablytakenfrom 7 Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthepassage It snoteasybeingateenager 13至19岁青少年 norisiteasybeingtheparentofateenager Youcanmakeyourchildfeelangry hurt ormisunderstoodbywhatyousaywithoutrealizingityourself Itisimportanttogiveyourchildthespaceheneedstogrowwhilegentlylettinghimknowthatyouyou llstillbethereforhimwhenheneedsyou Expectalotfromyourchild justnoteverythingelseopentodiscussion Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething don tinsisthetellyouwhat sonhismind Themoreyouinsist themorelikelythathe llclarnup Instead lethimattempttosolve 解决 thingsbyhimself Atthesametime remindhimthatyou realwaysthereforhimshouldheseekadviceorhelp Showrespectforyourteenager sprivacy 隐私 Neverreadhimhismailorlisteninonpersonalconversions Teachyourteenagerthatthefamilyphoneisforthewholefamily Ifyourchildtalksonthefamily stelephonefortoolong tellhimhecantalkfor15minutes butthenhemuststayoffthephoneforatleastanequalperiodoftime Thisnotonlyfreesupthelinesothatotherfamilymemberscanmakeandreceivecalls butteachesyourteenagermoderation 节制 Orifyouareopentotheidea allowyourteenagerhisownphonethathepaysforwithhisownpocketmoneyorapart timejob68 Themainpurposeofthetextistotellparents A howtogetalongwithateenagerB howtorespectateenagerC howtounderstandateenagerD howtohelpateenagergrowup Whyisn tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews AllIreadaboutismurder bribery 行贿 anddeath Frankly I msickofallthisbadnews Thisauthor sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto A complainB apologizeC amuseD inform 解析 作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载坏新闻 如凶杀 行贿受贿和死亡等 二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪 对坏新闻厌恶透了 故应选A 推断题的解题技巧 对作者意图和目的的推理 考生可以利用确定中心思想 主旨 的方法先确定短文的主题和大意 然后分析句子之间的关系 在全面理解原文的基础上 推测出作者的写作意图和目的 针对作者态度 语气 风格 倾向的推理 作者写文章时 经常持有某种态度或倾向 作者的语气和态度往往并不直接在文章中写出来 有时通过全文的叙述 考生可以从文章中领悟作者的观点 有时可以通过对作者使用的词汇 多为形容词和副词 的分析 来推断出作者的态度和感情 例如作者对某一观点是赞成还是反对 是主观批评还是客观陈述 数字的推断 细节的推断 四 猜测词 句意题 词义理解题常见的题型有 Theauthorusestheword tomean Theunderlinedphrase means Accordingtothepassage theword means Theword inparagraph refersto By theauthormeans whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto Whatis Definitionandexplanation利用定义和解释猜测词义Heisaresoluteman Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething hewon tgiveituphalfway Theunderlinedwordmeans A strongB firmC kindD clever 2 Experience根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义Mr BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks Theunderlinedword rent refersto A toworktoliveB toeattoliveC toteachtoliveD topaytouse 3 RelatedInformation即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义 Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer A workB studyC nameD interest 4 GuessingfromComparisonandContrast根据上下文中的比较 对照关系猜测词义 Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity A townB capitalC countryD house 5 Guessingwordfromdescriptionandexemplification通过描述和例证猜词Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals Readers ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools orEnglishLearning A dictionariesB story booksC magazinesD newspapers 6 GuessingwordfromSynonymandAntonym 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 MostwomeninGhana theeducatedandilliterate theurbanandrural theyoungandold worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers Theirreputationforeconomicindependence self reliance andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved Theunderlinedword illiterate inthepassagemeans A RepeatedB reiterated CuneducatedD sick 7 GuessingwordfromCauseandResult通过原因与结果关系猜词 SinceIhavefinishedmypapernow Iamgoingtogivemyselfatreattonight Iamgoingtowatchamovieoncampus anactionmoviecalled FaceOff Theunderlinedwords atreat heremeans A anactionmovieB somethingpleasanttoenjoyC arestD somethingnicetoeat 8 Wordformation即根据前缀 后缀 复合 派生等构词知识判断生词的词义 1 Overworkmaycausediseases 前缀over 的意思是 过分的 过量的 故overwork的意思应为 工作过度 2 Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanager seyes satisfied的意思是 满意的 前缀dis 的意思是 不 故dissatisfied的意思应该是 不满意的 9 根据标点符号推测词义 这类标点符号通常为括号 冒号 破折号 逗号等 Thelargestplayer ShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices deluxesedans minivans stationwagons coaches Santanasedansarethebigfavorite Thewords deluxesedans minivans and stationwagons usedinthetextreferto A carsinthemakingB carrentalfirmsC carsforrentD carmakers Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay theyaskandanswerquestions theyobeyorders andiftheydon tunderstandsomething theysayso Theword audience intheparagraphmeans A studentsB peoplewhowatchaplayC peoplewhoactonthestageD peoplewholistentosomething 10 熟词新意 11 词组推测 尽可能利用生词所在上下文猜测词义 利用所熟悉的单词和词组和上下文档中以知的部分进行逻辑上的推理 RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantmoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoshowtheglobalwarming CurrentlythetreeintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear Theunderlinedphrase moppingup means A cleaningupB takinginC wipingupD givingout TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave saysfriendPatWilliams Hewasn tagreatactororagreatspeaker HewasjustJoeEverybody 02年E篇 74 HewasjustJoeEverybody inthelastparagraph means A DavewasfamousB DavewasordinaryC DavewasshowyD Davewasshy 12 句子推测 Findthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartasquicklyaspossible 猜你没商量 Areyouready Go 1 Archaeologyisthestudyoftheburiedremainsofancienttimes suchashouses pots toolsandweapons A 地理学B 生态学C 心理学D 考古学 2 Thefootballgamewasgettingmoreandmoreexciting however theoldladywasstillasdozyassheusuallywas A 昏昏欲睡的B 亢奋的C 欣喜若狂的D 麻木的 3 Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading A 心不在焉的B 紧张的C 全神贯注的D 睡意浓的 4 Justforfun theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway A directB indirectC straight 5 Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile becausehewasusingthewrongkey A 成功的B 徒劳的C 有效的D 匆促的 6 Janeisusuallypromptforallherclasses butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass A lateB ontimeC pleased 7 Tomsawanowllastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear A abirdB ananimalC thesun 8 Thefreshtroutisverycheap butIdon tknowhowtocookit A fishB fruitC apple 9 Theboywantstorideabrownpony A dogB catC horse 10 ApersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenterA木匠B动物学家C牧人 注意事项 1 主旨大意题必须通盘考虑 取主题 舍枝节 符合原文的答案 正确答案 最佳答案2 文章中的数字 日期 时间 表限量的词或短语等都是细节设题的重点 若只注意明显的内容 而不注意虚的内容 想当然答题多半会错 因此 必须学会 虚实结合 3 推测题必须所选有据 避免主观 必须以作者的思维模式为准绳 以原文提供的事实 细节逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点 切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈 4 猜测题多观察 注意方法 切勿蛮干 牛刀小试1 Thetextismainlyabout A thepriceofcigarettesC theeffectoftobaccotaxincreaseB therateofteensmokingD thedifferencesintobaccotaxrate2 Whatdoestheauthorthinkisasurprise A Teensmokersarepricesensitive B Somestatesstillkeepthetobaccotaxlow C Tobaccotaxesimprovepublichealth D Tobaccoindustryfiercelyfightsthetaxrise 3 Theunderlinedword deter inParagraph3mostprobablymeans A discourageB removeC benefitD free4 Rogers attitudetowardsthelow incomesmokersmightbethatof A toleranceB unconcernC doubtD sympathy5 Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph A Thenewtaxwillbebeneficialinthelongrun B Low incomeAmericansaremorelikelytofallill C Futuregenerationswillbehookedonsmoking D Adultswilldependmoreontheirfamilies Exercise 山东高考2009 1 Fewlawsaresoeffectivethatyoucanseeresultsjustdaysaftertheytakeeffect Butintheninedayssincethefederalcigarettetaxmorethandoubled to 1 01perpack smokershavejammedtelephone quitlines acrossthecountryseekingtokickthehabit 2 Thisisnotasurprisetopublichealthadvocates They vestudiedtheeffectofstatetaxincreasesforyears findingthatsmokers especiallyteens arepricesensitive Norisitashocktotheindustry whichfiercelyfightseverytaxincrease 3 Theonlywonderisthatsomanystatesinsistonclosingtheirearstothemessage Tobaccotaxesimprovepublichealth theyraisemoneyandmostparticularly theydeterpeoplefromtakingupthehabitasteens whichiswhennearlyallsmokersareaddicted Yettherateoftaxationvarieswidely exercise 4 InManhattan forinstance whichhasthehighesttaxinthenation apackofMarlboroLightKingscost 10 06atonedrugstoreWednesdav InCharleston S C wherethe7 cent n packtaxisthelowestinthenation thepricewas 4 78 5 Theinfluenceisobvious 6 InNewYork highschoolsmokinghitanewlowinthelatestsurveys 13 8 farbelowthenationalaverage Bycomparison 26 ofhighschoolstudentssmokeinKentucky Otherlow taxstateshavesimilarlydepressingteen smokingrecords 7 HalRogers RepresentativefromKentucky likethosewhoareagainsthightobaccotaxes arguesthattheburdenofthetaxfallsonlow incomeAmericans whochoosetosmoke exercise 8 That strue Butthereismorereasoninkeepingfuturegenerationsoflow incomeworkersfromgettinghookedinthefirstplace Asfortoday sadults ifthenewtaxdrivesthemtoquit theywillhavemoretospendontheirfamilies cuttheirriskofcancerandheartdiseaseandfeelbetter 41 Theword leftovers inParagraph1probablymeans A foodremainingafteramealB thingsleftundoneC mealsmadeofvegetablesD pizzatoppedwithfruit42 Whatcanweinferfromthetext A Workingwomenusuallyhavebreakfastinahurry B Manypeoplehavewrongideasaboutbreakfast C Therearesomeeasywaysofcookingameal D Eatingvegetableshelpssaveenergy 43 Accordingtothelastparagraph itisimportantto A eatsomethingforbreakfastB becarefulaboutwhatyoueatC heatupfoodbeforeeatingitD ea