语法是语言的记录,而不是语言的立法 (2).doc

想起英语界前辈范存忠教授说过一段值得我们学习。借鉴的话:“我们说语言是活动的,有生命的,没有法子固定的;语法是语言的记录,而不是语言的立法。因此,我们学习语法应当是活动的,而不是呆板的;应当是应用的,而不是理论的;应当是循序渐进,逐渐消化,而不是死记规律,不合实际的。”1. May I stop my car here No, you_.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont have to2. Must we clean the house now No, you _.A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. cant3. John 璤_ his father about his failure in the exam.A. dares not tell B. dares not tellingC. dare not tell D. dares not to tell4. You _ return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not5. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont.cant B. mustnt.may C. shouldnt, must D. cant.shouldnt6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to7. Would you go out for a walk with meNo, I _. My girl friend is coming.A. wouldnt B. shall not C. wont D. shouldnt8. Man _ die without water. A. will B. can C. need D. shall9. If he started at 9 0clock, he _ be there by now.A. need B. shall C. ought to D. must10. I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She_it.A. must receive B. cant receive C. might receive D. must have received11.The professor gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30p.m.A. be finished B. will finishC. must be finished D. would be finished12. There was plenty of time. You_.A. mustnt hurry B. mustnt have hurriedC. neednt hurry D. neednt have hurried13. Tom was a diligent boy. He _ go to school though it was raining hard.A. was able to B. could C. couldnt D. wasnt able to14. _I go back before lunch No, I dont think you_.A. Need.must B. Do.need to C. Must.have to D. May . ought to15. The teacher _ do all the exercises, but a pupil_.A. neednt.must B. may not.must C. neednt.neednt D. cant.must16. Would you open the window please Yes, I_.A. will B. would C. do D. can17. A lion _ only attack a human being when it is hungry.A. should B. can C. will D. shall18.- Must I finish this novel this morning-No, you_.A. mustnt B. might not C. dont have to D. cant19. The taxi _ only hold six passengers. It is full. You _ take the next one.A. may.may B. can.may C. may.can D. must.can20. I _ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.A. may come B. may have come C. could have come D. must have come21. I wish to go home now, I _.A. may B. cant C. must D. do22. He must have finished his homework, he _.A. mustnt B. didnt C. neednt D. hasnt23. This pen looks like mine, yet it isnt. Whose _ it be ?A. must B. can C. may D. might24. He didnt do well in the exam. He _ hard at his lessons.A. must have worked B. ought to have workedC. would have worked D. has worked25. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say26. Mr Baker, a number of students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside?A. Should B. Will C. Shall D. Are27. You _ the trees. Look, it is raining now.A. mustnt have watered B. neednt have wateredC. could have watered D. might have watered28. I _ give you an answer tomorrow. I promise!A. must B. will C. may D. shall29. As a soldier, you _ do as the head tells you.A. will B. shall C. may D. ought30. The streets are all dry. It_ during the night.A. cant have rained B. must have rainedC. couldnt rain D. shouldnt have rained31. When _ he leave the hospital I asked the doctor.A. will B. shall C. can D. may32. They have not finish the work up to now._Well, they _A. should have B. should C. ought to D. ought have33. Since it is already midnight, we_.A. had better leaving B. ought to have leaveC. should take our leave D. might as well leave34. _ you be happy!A. May B. Can C. Must D. Would35. Must we come tomorrow ? _A. No, you cant B. No, you needntC. No, you mustnt D. No, you may not36. You _ miss the lesson, though we _ have it on Thursday.A. mustnt.neednt B. neednt.mustntC. mustnt.mustnt D. neednt.neednt37. To succeed in a difficult task,_.A. one needs to work hard B. to work hard is neededC. you need be a hard working person D. to work hard is what one needs38. In case I_, I would try again.A. will fail B. would miss C. should fail D. shall miss39. Some people feel that handguns_.A. should control B. should be controlledC. must be controlling D. can be control40. _ open the door for youA. Would you like that I B. Do you want that IC. Will I D. Shall I41. My son _ the examination, but he wasnt careful enough.A. might be able to pass B. must have passedC. could have passed D. were able to pass42. Isnt it strange that the lazy boy _ pass the examA. should B. has C. might D. would43. We _ the work so early without your help.A. couldnt finish B. cant finishC. couldnt have finished D. cant have finished44. We _ the manager, but no one _ his telephone number.A. could have called, knew B. could have called, had knownC. could call, had known D. could call, knew45. Would you come and join them I wish I_ . But I am busy at this moment.A. cant B. couldnt C. could D. can46. If Alice _ this afternoon, the meeting should be put off.A. would not come B. might not comeC. should not come D. could not come47. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken48. With so much work on hand, you _ to see the game last night.A. mustnt go B. shouldnt goC. couldnt have gone D. shouldnt have gone49. I thought you like something to read, so I _ have brought you some books.A. may B. might C. could D. must50. There was plenty of time. She_.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried51. Its still early, you_.A. mustnt hurry B. wouldnt hurryC. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry52. Please open the window,_A. cant you B. arent you C. do you D. will you53. We _ for her because she never came.A. mustnt have waited B. shouldnt have waitedC. mustnt wait D. neednt wait54. May I stop hereNo, you _.A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. wont55. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might giveC. may have given D. may give56. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC: neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken57. Could I borrow your dictionary Yes, of course you_.A. might B. will C. can D. should58. Please dont make a noise. _ Ill be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I wont B. No, I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I will59. The young man has made so much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend theconcert.A. could B. must C. would D. should60. One ought _for what one has done.A. not to be punished B. to not be punishedC. to not punished D. not be punished61. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _ always _ so much.A. not, be smoking B. not, have smokedC. not, to smoke D. be not, smoking62. Where is MaryShe isnt here. I think she_.A. may have gone home B. must have gone homeC. might have gone home D. All the above63. I think Helen is at home. _No, she be at home, for she phoned me from the airport just five minutes ago.A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. dared not64. She is already two hours late. What _ to herA. can have happened B. may have happenedC. should have happened D. must happen65. _ he be watching TV now Yes, _ , he _be watching TV now No, he be watching TV now.A. Must, can, mustnt B. Can ,must, cantC. Can, can, mustnt D. May, must, neednt66. You must be a writer, _A. mustnt you B. are you C. must you D. arent you67. You must have seen him last night, _.A. havent you B. didnt you C. dont you D. must you68. I got up early this morning, but I _so because I had no work to do.A. mustnt have done B. didnt need to doC. neednt have done D. cant have done69. Lets say that you could go there again, how _ feel?A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you70. I darent tell you what he did for fear that he _angry with.A. will be B. is C. was D. should be71. Without the leadership of the Party, there _ no New China.A. would be B. has been C. was D. should be72. It is necessary that we _ a foreign language.A. must master B. ought to master C. master D. should master73. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it _ better organized.A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been74. I am surprised that he _ to help me when I needed it most.A. should refuse B. would have refused C. should have refused to D. may have refused75. Look! Tom is too sleepy to work .He _ up watching TV.A. mustnt have stayed B. shouldnt have stayed C. mustnt stay D. ought not to say.练习题答案1-10 BACCB DCADD 11-20 ADACA ACCBC 21-30 ADBBD CBBBA 31-40 BADAB AACBD 41-50 CACAC CDDBD 51-60 DDBAA DCBDA61-70 ADCAB DBCCB 71-75 ADDCB 1.Joho_cone to see us tonight,but isnt very sure yet.A.may B.can C.has to D.must2.They_do well in the exam.A.can be able to . B.be able to. C.Can able to. D.are able to.3.May I take this book out?No,you_.A.cant B.may not. C.neednt D.arent4.You_go and see a doctor at once because you re got a fever.A.can B.must C.dare D.would5.Can you speak Japanese?No,I_A.mustnt B.Cant C.neednt D.may not1.A2.D3.A4.B5.B第一题，从后文看是不一定来的，他也不确定，所以用may表猜测第二题，be able to do 固定词组，相当于CAN，但是已经用了be able to do 就不能同时用CAN了第三题，不，你不可以，表示否定，用CANT第四题，必须要。翻译为一旦你发烧了你必须要去看医生，表示强烈语气，要求命令第五题，同第三题回答人的补充 2010-01-26 12:45 1.You_be late for school again next time.A.mustnt B.neednt C.dont have to D.dont need to2.Must I do my homework at once?No,you_.A.neednt B.mustnt C.cant D.may not3.His arm is all right. He _go and see the doctor.A.has not to. B.dont have to C.haven to D.doesnt have to4.Would you like to go boating with us?Yes,_.A.I d like B.I want. C.Id like to. D.I do5.Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem,so it _be very difficult.A.may B.must C.can D.needAADCBIV. 虚拟语气用在其它状语从句中 1虚拟语气用在由as if, as though 引导的方式或让步状语从句中，一般情况下，如果主谓语动词为现在时，从句谓语多用过去时；如果主句谓语为过去时，从句谓语多用过去完成时。虚拟语气用在 even if, even though, whatever引导的状语从句中，从句谓语可参照由if引导的虚拟条件从句的谓语，一般用过去时或过去完成时。例如：This old machine runs as if it were a new one.The old worker works as though he were a young man.Even though she had been here very soon, she would not catch the train.Example:He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _ all about that.a. know b. knows c. known d. knewI cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything.a. knew b. knows c. has known d. had known_ I used a lot of examples I still could not get my idea across.a. Since b. But that c. Now that d. Even though2.虚拟语气用在so that, lest （唯恐）, in case （万一）, unless, in order that（为了，以便）, that（为了，以至于）, for fear that （生怕，以免）, on condition that （如果）等引导的目的，条件状语从句中，从句谓语 may 或 might+原形动词，也有用 should, can, could+原形动词构成的。例如：The teacher explained the law once more in order that we might understand it better.Some people eat so that they may live. Others seem to live in order that they may eat.一些人吃是为了生存，而另一些人似乎是活着就是为了吃。I left him a note with my address on for fear that he should not know where to see me.The heroes gave their lives that we might live a happy life.为了我们过上幸福生活，英雄们献出了自己的生命。Example:In case I _, I would try again.a. will fail b. would miss c. should fail d. shall missYou should exercise vigilance _ you should be killed.a. so that b. lest c. therefore d. that3.虚拟语气用在由 “whether” 引导的让步状语从句中，从句谓语用原形动词。例如：All engines work on this principle, whether they be large or small.所有发动机都按这一原理工作，无论它们是大还是小。We must finish the work before we go home, whether it be early or late.无论时间早晚，我们必须在回家前干完工作。All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms.所有物质，不论是气体，液体，或固体，都是由原子构成。在此句型中，可省去 whether ，而将be放在主语前。例如：Be it so, we must continue to do the test.We must do our best to fulfil the task, be it ever so hard.Example:_ Ill marry him all the same.a. Were he rich or poor b. Be he rich or poorc. Whether rich or poor d. Being rich or poorEXERCISE1. _, I must do another experiment.a. It is ever so late b. Ever so late itc. Be it ever so late d. Whether be it ever so late2.The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _ on the way.a. goes wrong b. would go wrong c. went wrong d. should go wrong3.Machines are often oiled so that they _ well.a. ran b. runs c. should run d. running4.Even if he _ very busy, he would have kept on learning English.a. had been b. was c. were d. had being5.Supposing the weather _ bad, where would you go?a. is b. will be c. was d. were6._, he could not succeed.a. However, he tried that b. He tried however hardc. However he could try d. However hard he tried7.Even though the enemy _ wings, they couldnt escape from our encirclement.a. had b. had had c. have d. has8.She described the accident as if she _ it herself.a. saw b. has seen c. ha