2012年职称英语考试试题之冲刺试题第四套.doc

2012年职称英语考试试题之冲刺试题第四套第3部分：概括大意与完成句子Womens Rights Movement 1. Womens rights are guarantees of political, social, and economic equality for women in a society that traditionally gives more power and freedom to men. Among these rights are control of property, equality of opportunity in education and employment, right of voting, and freedom of marriage. Today, complete political, economic, and social equality with men remains to be achieved. 2. Male control was obvious from the time of the earliest written historical records, probably as a result of mens role in hunting and warfare. The belief that women were naturally weaker and inferior to men was also found in god-centered religions. Therefore, in most traditional societies, women generally were at a disadvantage. Their education was limited to learning domestic skills, and they had no access to positions of power. A woman had no legal control over her person, her own land and money, or her children. 3. The Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, which caused economic and social progress, provided a favorable climate for the rise of womens rights movement in the late 18th and the19th century. In 1848 more than 100 persons held the first womens rights convention in New York, and the feminists demanded equal rights, including the vote. 4. In the late 1960s women made up about 40 percent of the work force in England, France, Germany, and the United States. This figure rose to more than 50 percent by the mid-1980s. A commission under the President was established in 1960 to consider equal opportunities for women. Acts of Congress entitled them to equality in education, employment, and legal rights. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act, initially intended only for blacks, was extended to women. 5. The objectives of the womens movement included equal pay for equal work, federal support for day-care centers, recognition of lesbian (女性同性恋) rights, making abortion legal, and the focus of serious attention on the problems of forced sex relations, wife and child beating, and discrimination against older and minority women. 23 Paragraph 2 _ . 24 Paragraph 3 _ . 25 Paragraph 4 _ . 26 Paragraph 5 _ . A Goals B History of Womens Rights Movement C Start of womens Rights Movement D Traditional Status of Women E Rights of Women F Development 27 In some religions, women were considered _ . 28 Traditionally the law did not allow women to have the control over_ . 29 Womens rights moment started in the_ . 30 Acts of Congress gave women the rights of_ . A late 18th century B equal education and employment with men C weaker and lower in social position D early20th century E her children F the rights of voting 参考答案： 23. D 24. C 25. F 26. A 27. C 28. E 29. A 30. B 第4部分：阅读理解New Foods and the New World In the last 500 years, nothing about people - not their clothes, ideas, or languages has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树) by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World, Around 1600; the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the Potato Famine (饥荒) of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s. According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the wide-awake feeling that one-third of the worlds population now starts the day with. 31 According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years? A Food. B Clothing. C ideology. D Language. 32 Some in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to54 A some cocoa trees. B some chocolate drinks. C some shops. D some South American Indians. 33 Thousands of Irish people starved during the Potato Famine because A they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else. B they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. C the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes. D the potato harvest was bad. 34 Which country is the largest coffee producer? A Brazil. B Colombia. C Ethiopia. D Egypt. 35 Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage? A One third of the worlds population drinks coffee. B Coffee is native to Colombia. C Coffee can keep one awake. D Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs. 参考答案：31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B Please Fasten Your SeatbeltsSevere turbulence (湍流) can kill aircraft passengers. Now, in test flights over the Rocky Mountains, NASA (美国航空航天局) engineers have successfully detected clear-air turbulence up to 10 seconds before an aircraft hits it.Clear-air turbulence often catches pilots by surprise. Invisible to radar, it is difficult to forecast and can hurl (用力抛出去) passengers about the cabin. In December 1997, one passenger died and a hundred others were injured when unexpected rough air caused a United Airlines flight over the Pacific to drop 300 meters in a few seconds.However, passengers can avoid serious injury by fastening their seatbelts. It is the only antidote (对策) for this sort of thing, says Rod Bogue, project manager at NASAs Dryden Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.The centres new turbulence detector is based on lidar, or laser, radar. Laser pulses are sent ahead of the plane and these are then reflected back by particles in the air. The technique depends on the Doppler Effect. The wavelength of the light shifts according to the speed at which the particles are approaching. In calm air, the speed equals the planes airspeed. But as the particles swirl (打漩) in rough air, their speed of approach increases or decreases rapidly. The rate of change in speed corresponds to the severity (激烈程度) of the turbulence.In a series of tests that began last month, a research jet flew repeatedly into disturbed air over the mountain ridges (山脉) near Pueblo, Colorado. The lidar detector spotted turbulence between 3 and 8 kilometers ahead, and its forecasts of strength and duration corresponded closely with the turbulence that the plane encountered.Bogue says that he had a comfortable amount of time to fasten his seatbelt. The researchers are planning to improve the lidars range with a more powerful beam. The system could be installed on commercial aircraft in the next few years.36 What does clear-air turbulence probably mean? (Paragraph 1)AA not very rough storm. BUnexpected disturbed air.CA kind of visible storm. DA storm over mountain ridges.37 In December 1997, a United Airlines flight hit unexpected rough airAcausing a lot of damage to the plane.Bthrowing its passengers out of the cabin. Cresulting in heavy casualties.Dforcing the pilot to make an emergency landing.38 The turbulence detector can tell the severity of the turbulence by measuringAthe speed of the plane.Bthe speed of the light. Cthe number of particles in the air.Dthe changes of the particles speed.39 We can infer from the fifth paragraph thatAthe lidar detector can successfully forecast turbulence.Bresearchers are not sure about the effectiveness of the lidar detector.Cpassenger planes will be used in further experiments.Dno more test flights are needed.40 The last paragraph tells us, among other things, thatAthe lidar detector needs improvement.Bmany airlines are interested in the system.Cpassengers often forget to fasten their seatbelts.Dthe lidar detector can be used in a wide range of areas参考答案：36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. ASalty Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair has recently begun a three-year programe, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this Capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year more than l0m hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been out down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world. 41 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true? A They are students at Sussex University. B They are rice breeders. C They are husband and wife, D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning. 42 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme A to find ways to prevent water pollution. B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil. C to breed rice plants that taste salty.D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil. 43 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage? A Natural barriers to sea Water have been destroyed. B The water table has gone down after droughts. C Sea level has been continuously rising. D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind. 44 The word affect in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by A influence. B effect. C stop. D present. 45 The attitude of the author towards the research project is A positive. B negative. C suspicious. D indifferent. 参考答案：41. D 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. A 第5部分：补全短文Stars in their eyes The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos edited by David Levy, Macmillan, 20, ISBN 0333782933 Previous generations of scientists would have killed to know what we know. For the first time in history, we have a pretty good idea of the material content of the Universe, our position within it and how the whole thing came into being. In these times of exploding knowledge there is a definite need to take stock and assemble what we know in a palatable (受欢迎的) form. (46) The essays in The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos have been selected by David Levy, co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, which in 1994 struck Jupiter with the violence of several full-scale nuclear wars. (47) This is certainly a great collection of essays, but it is not, as the book promises, a seamless (完美的，无缝隙的) synthesis of our current knowledge. Nobody can fault the range of articles Levy has included. There are essays on the planets, moons and assorted debris (碎片) in the Solar System, and on our Galaxy, the Milky Way. (48) The contributors, too, are stars in their own fields. Not many books can boast chapters written by such giants as Erwin Schrodinger and Francis Crick. My personal favorites are a piercingly clear essay by Albert Einstein on general relativity and an article by Alan Guth and Paul Steinhardt on the inflationary (膨胀的) Universe. So much for the books content. But Levy has not succeeded in providing an accurate synthesis of our current knowledge of the cosmos, which the book jacket promises. Gathering together previously published articles inevitably leaves subject gaps, missing explanations and so on. (49) But there isnt one. In fact, surprisingly for a book so densely packed with information, there is no index. Collecting essays in this way is clearly a good publishing wheeze (巧妙的). But this approach shortchanges the public, who would be better served by an account molded into a seamless whole. (50) However, for the next edition, please, please can we have an index? A Tegmark fears he may hold the record for the longest time taken to read one book. B In a more positive vein, this is a wonderful collection of essays to dip in and out of if you already have a good overview (概述) of current cosmic understanding. C Levy is an active astronomer and an accomplished writer, so youd expect him to provide a broad and accurate picture of our current understanding of the cosmos. D Scientific American has attempted to cater to this need by bringing together essays that have appeared in the magazine. E To some extent, these could have been plugged with a glossary (词表) of terms. F Also included are contributions on the world of subatomic particles, the origin of life on Earth and the possibility of its existence elsewhere. 参考答案：46. D 47. C 48. F 49. E 50. B 第6部分：完形填空The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are_(51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness (宽容) of American parents. The old rule that children should be seen and not heard is rarely_(52), and children are often allowed to do_(53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him_(54) question, and children are encouraged to be_(55) at an early age. Some peo